O planejamento educacional na pós-graduação em educação no Brasil

Levantamento das informações fornecidas pelos programas de pós-graduação em educação no período 2000-2009, disponíveis no portal da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, revela a progressiva substituição dos estudos sobre planejamento educacional por estudos sobre gestão e avaliação. Confronta-se esse "esvaziamento" com a "fertilidade" dos anos 1970/1980, analisando fontes utilizadas e conteúdos trabalhados nos mestrados em educação da PUC-Rio e da Fundação Getulio Vargas. Nas considerações fi nais, afi rma-se que esse "esvaziamento" foi simultâneo à desagregação do sistema de planejamento brasileiro, ocorrida nos anos de 1990, e sugere retomar aqueles estudos, a partir das últimas Conferências Nacionais de Educação e das dificuldades de aprovação pelo Congresso Nacional dos planos nacionais de educação por elas propostos.

Perforation colique néonatale focale spontanée en dehors de la grande prématurité : rare et potentiellement insidieuse [Focal spontaneous colic perforation in term or near-term neonates: rare and potentially insidious].

Two cases of neonatal focal spontaneous colic perforations are reported. The 1st infant, born at 36 3/7 weeks gestational age, presented on day 3 with crying, abdominal distension, and liquid stools. Clinical examination showed a slightly irritable hypothermic (35.7 °C) infant with a distended abdomen and few bowel sounds. Blood tests were normal apart from an elevated C-reactive protein level (59 mg/l). The abdomen x-ray was erroneously considered normal. The infant's condition remained stable for nearly 3 days. After reviewing the initial x-ray, pneumoperitoneum was suspected and confirmed by a cross-table lateral abdominal x-ray. The infant was started on antibiotics and operated. Macroscopically, the entire gut was normal apart from a focal sigmoid perforation, which was stitched. A transmural colic biopsy revealed focal vascular dilation but was negative for necrotising enterocolitis or Hirschsprung disease. The infant recovered quickly. She is now a healthy, normal 3-year-old. The 2nd infant, born at 38 5/7 weeks gestational age, presented between day 1 and 2 with clinical signs of infection associated with slowly progressive ileus. The chest and abdomen x-ray was mistakenly considered normal. Frank septicemia developed. After reviewing the initial x-ray, pneumoperitoneum was suspected and confirmed by a cross-table lateral abdominal x-ray. The infant was operated. Macroscopically, the small intestine was normal, the ascending and transverse colons were dilated, and the descending and sigmoid colons were narrow. Three cecal perforations were discovered and stitched. An ileostomy and multiple colic biopsies were also performed. The postoperative course was complicated by persistent septic ileus due to descending and sigmoid colon leaks, which led to colic resections with end-to-end anastomosis. Rectal aspiration biopsies were also performed. At 1 month of age, the infant was discharged from the hospital. The ileostomy was closed in two steps at 2 and 5 months of age. A normal sweat test excluded cystic fibrosis. All colic and rectal biopsies revealed nonspecific inflammatory signs and excluded necrotizing enterocolitis and Hirschsprung disease. Nonspecific irregular thinning of muscularis mucosae and muscularis propria were observed in the two resected colic segments. The boy is now a healthy 7-year-old. The incidence of neonatal focal spontaneous colic perforations at term or close to term is unknown but probably very rare. Our department is the neonatal referral center for approximately 14,000 annual births. In the last 10 years (2000-2009), out of 5115 neonatal admissions in our unit, only ten cases have presented a neonatal spontaneous intestinal perforation, seven of ten in very-low-birth-weight infants and three of ten in term or near-term neonates (one with Hirschsprung disease and the two cases reported herein). In the same period, 108 infants suffered from necrotizing enterocolitis, seven of 108 were term infants and 6 out of 7 had a congenital heart disease. The medical literature is poor on the subject of focal spontaneous colic perforations at term; no risk factor is described. The most specific clinical sign seems to be the abdominal distension. The presence of pneumoperitoneum on an abdominal x-ray is the most sensitive paraclinical sign. In case of an intestinal perforation, surgery must be performed quickly. The vital prognosis seems to be good. The objective of this study was to draw pediatricians' attention to focal spontaneous colic perforations in term or close to term newborns. In the cases reported, the diagnostic delays could have been prevented if the entity - with its radiological manifestation - had been well known.

Does unemployment hurt less if there is more of it around? A panel analysis of life satisfaction in Germany and Switzerland

This paper examines the existence of a habituation effect to unemployment: Do theunemployed suffer less from job loss if unemployment is more widespread, if their ownunemployment lasts longer and if unemployment is a recurrent experience? Theunderlying idea is that unemployment hysteresis may operate through a sociologicalchannel: if many people in the community lose their job and remain unemployed over anextended period, the psychological cost of being unemployed diminishes and the pressureto accept a new job declines. We analyze this question with individual-level data from theGerman Socio-Economic Panel (1984-2009) and the Swiss Household Panel (2000-2009). We find no evidence for a mitigating effect of high surrounding unemployment onunemployed individuals' subjective well-being: Becoming unemployed hurts as muchwhen regional unemployment is high as when it is low. Likewise, the strongly harmfulimpact of being unemployed on well-being does not wear off over time, nor do repeatedepisodes of unemployment make it any better. It thus appears doubtful that anunemployment shock becomes persistent because the unemployed become used to, andhence reasonably content with, being without a job.

Euroopan keskuspankin julkaisut

Euroopan keskuspankin (perustamisvuosi 1999) tehtävänä on ylläpitää hinta- ja rahoitusjärjestelmän vakautta ja toteuttaa rahapolitiikkaa euroalueella. Euroalueeseen kuuluvat kaikki euron käyttöönsä ottaneet jäsenmaat, joita on 17. Euroopan rahapoliittinen instituutti (EMI) toimi EKP:n edeltäjänä ja sen tehtävänä oli keskuspankkien välisen yhteistyön lujittaminen, rahapolitiikan yhteensovittaminen ja yhteiseen valuuttaan siirtyminen. Kokoelma sisältää Euroopan keskuspankin ja Euroopan rahapoliittisen instituutin (EMI) julkaisuja vuodesta 1994 lähtien. Tutkimusjulkaisuja on mm. EU-maiden hintavakaudesta, rahapolitiikasta, rahoitusmarkkinoista, maksujärjestelmistä, valuuttapolitiikasta, yhdentymisestä ja finanssivalvonnasta. Kokoelmassa on vuosikertomuksia, kuukausikatsauksia (Monthly Bulletin), lehtiä, tilastoja, työpapereita, raportteja ja tutkimusjulkaisuja. Kokoelmassa on n. 1655 nimekettä, ja painettu kokoelma kasvaa Euroopan keskuspankin julkaisuilla. Euroopan rahapoliittisen instituutin julkaisut loppuivat v. 1999. Kokoelman julkaisuista n. 80 % on ilmestynyt v. 2000 - 2009. Valtaosa on englanninkielisiä, mutta julkaisuja on myös suomeksi ja ruotsiksi. Painettu kokoelma on Suomen Pankin kirjaston avokokoelmassa vapaasti käytettävissä ja kopioitavissa maksutta. Suurin osa on saatavana myös verkkojulkaisuina Euroopan keskuspankin sivuilta http://www.ecb.int.

Aspectos epidemiológicos e padrões de lesões hepáticas em 35 surtos de intoxicação por Senecio spp. em bovinos no sul do Rio Grande do Sul

O presente estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar os diferentes padrões morfológicos hepáticos em 59 fígados de bovinos intoxicados por Senecio spp. provenientes de 35 surtos observados na área de influência do Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico da Faculdade de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (LRD) de 2000-2009, dos quais havia registro fotográfico das lesões macroscópicas, fazendo uma relação com as variações epidemiológicas observadas no período. Foram analisadas as variações climáticas referentes à precipitação pluviométrica e temperatura média nas diferentes estações do ano ocorridas neste intervalo de tempo. As alterações hepáticas macro e microscópicas foram agrupadas em padrões morfológicos semelhantes. Foi considerada como critérios de classificação macroscópica a coloração das superfícies capsular e de corte e a presença ou não de nódulos; e como critérios para a classificação histológica a quantidade e distribuição da fibrose, o número de megalócitos por campo de maior aumento, o grau estimado de proliferação de ductos biliares e a presença de hepatócitos vacuolizados. O Padrão 1 caracterizou-se por fígado esbranquiçado, fibrose difusa, acentuada proliferação de células de ductos biliares e megalocitose discreta; o Padrão 2 por presença de nódulos correspondentes a grupos de hepatócitos ou lóbulos hepáticos circundados por tecido conjuntivo fibroso, acentuada proliferação de células de ductos biliares e megalocitose de discreta a moderada; o Padrão 3 por superfície de corte com aspecto macronodular correspondente a lóbulos hepáticos circundados por delgado cordão de tecido conjuntivo, acentuada proliferação de ductos biliares e megalocitose moderada; o Padrão 4 por superfície sem nodulações e com aspecto marmorizado e histologicamente por fibrose em ponte, megalocitose e proliferação de células de ductos de moderadas a acentuadas; o Padrão 5 por superfície sem nodulações e microscopicamente por fibrose em ponte a difusa, megalocitose moderada e acentuada proliferação de células de ductos; e, o Padrão 6 por superfície sem nodulações e microscopicamente por megalocitose acentuada, proliferação de ductos discreta e fibrose em estágio inicial localizada nos espaços porta e veia centrolobular ou como colágeno imaturo entre os cordões de hepatócitos. Os resultados da análise macroscópica e histológica dos fígados dos bovinos demonstraram que os Padrões 1, 2 e 4 foram os mais frequentemente encontrados. Os resultados deste trabalho demonstram que a lesão hepática macroscópica que ocorre em bovinos intoxicados por Senecio spp. é variável e que histologicamente esta variação está relacionada à distribuição e a quantidade da fibrose, à quantidade de megalócitos e à proliferação biliar observadas em cada fígado. A idade dos animais, o tempo de evolução da intoxicação e os sinais clínicos não interferem nos padrões de lesões hepáticas encontradas. Por outro lado, as condições climáticas provavelmente tiveram influência no aumento da freqüência da doença devido ao aumento da disponibilidade da planta.

Records of performance and sanitary status from a dairy cattle herd in southern Brazil

Over the last decades, the emphasis on the health of dairy cows has changed from an individual to a herd level. In this scenario, the role played by the recording system and its interpretation by veterinarians has gained primordial importance. The records of productive and reproductive performance and of sanitary status from a southern Brazilian dairy cattle herd have been presented and discussed. The period of study was 2000-2009. Mean values per lactation period were 349D 8436M 290F 275P 201SCS (D: days in lactation, M: kg of milk yield, F: kg of fat, P: kg of protein and SCS: somatic cell score in 1000 cells/ml of milk). Major indexes of reproductive efficiency included age at first calving (31 months), services per conception (2.1), intercalving interval (428 days), calving to conception interval (146 days), mean annual rates of parturitions (76.2%), fetal losses (9.8-19.0%), and stillbirths (3.6%), apart of voluntary waiting period (94 days). Main information on sanitary status of the herd was associated with the mean prevalence of common disorders of dairy cattle such as anaplasmosis (29.8%), mastitis (27.8%), digital diseases (26.3%), ovarian cysts (21.3%), placental retention (19.7%), postpartum uterine infections (10.6%), and calf diarrhea (23.7%) and pneumonia (16.8%), among others. In addition, culling reasons (low reproductive performance [56.3%] and udder/mastitis problems [33.6%]), causes of cattle deaths (anaplasmosis [16.4%] and leukosis [11.4]), and the impact of cattle diseases such as tuberculosis, leukosis, and neosporosis on the herd have also been presented and succinctly discussed. Numbers between brackets represent rates accumulated in the 10-year period.

Les États-Unis d'Amérique face a la reconnaissance d'État : les cas des États balkaniques, du Kosovo et du Québec

Ce mémoire s’intéresse au comportement américain en matière de reconnaissance d’État. Il tente d’identifier quels sont les facteurs susceptibles d’être appliqués par les États- Unis d’Amérique dans l’hypothèse d’une éventuelle reconnaissance du Québec. Les évènements politiques survenus au cours des trente dernières années au Québec ont non seulement suscité un fort intérêt à Washington, ils ont également conduit le gouvernement américain à mettre en place une approche politique particulière à l’endroit du Québec. Utilisée à partir de la fin des années 1970, cette approche spécifique (qui fait maintenant office de ligne de conduite) demeure encore aujourd’hui celle qui prévaut à la Maison- Blanche. En dépit de la tenue de deux référendums sur la souveraineté en 1980 et en 1995, le Québec demeure encore aujourd’hui une province de l’État canadien. Cependant, s’il devait un jour accéder à l’indépendance, il y a fort à parier que la décision des États-Unis de reconnaître le Québec serait modulée à partir d’intérêts sécuritaires ponctuels, mais aussi en fonction d’intérêts politiques ou économiques. Dans la majorité des cas depuis la dissolution de la Yougoslavie en 1991, les États-Unis d’Amérique ont agi ainsi. L’analyse du comportement américain lors de la reconnaissance récente du Kosovo en 2008 vient appuyer ces dires et démontre que Washington utilise la même approche pour reconnaître de nouveaux États depuis au moins 20 ans.

"Wenn die Welt keinen Wert auf einen legt"

Wir leben in einer schnelllebigen unsicheren Welt. In einer Welt, in der fast jede Person schon einmal ein Gefühl von Wertlosigkeit und Ausgrenzung verspürt hat. Im vorliegenden an einer Schnittstelle zwischen Soziologie und Psychologie lokalisierten Dissertationsprojekt wird sich mit eben diesem aversiven Empfinden, sozial sowie gesellschaftlich überflüssig und ausgeschlossen zu sein, in Entstehung und möglichen Auswirkungen auseinandergesetzt. Dafür wurden eine deutschlandweite Telefon- und zwei experimentelle Laborstudien durchgeführt. Die theoretische und empirische Basis der Arbeit bilden soziologische Ansätze wie die Theorie der Desintegration (Anhut & Heitmeyer, 2000, 2009), psychologische Modelle wie das "Need-Threat"-Modell sozialer Ausgrenzung (Williams, 2009) und interdisziplinäre sozialwissenschaftliche Studien (Bude & Lantermann, 2006; Heitmeyer, 2002-2012; Lantermann, Döring-Seipel, Eierdanz & Gerhold, 2009). Die Befunde der Telefonstudie zeigen, dass die individuelle Wahrnehmung und Empfindung nicht unweigerlich vorhandene objektiv prekäre Lebenslagen akkurat spiegelt. So können ausgeprägte interne Ressourcen wie die des Kohärenzsinns einen positiven Effekt objektiver zum Beispiel finanzieller und/oder sozialer Prekarität auf subjektives soziales sowie gesellschaftliches Exklusionsempfinden abschwächen. Auch zeigte sich im experimentellen Kontext, dass induzierter sozialer Ausschluss nicht zu empfundener sozialer Exklusion führen muss. Als mögliche Auswirkungen empfundener sozialer und gesellschaftlicher Exklusion wurden ein Streben nach sozialem Anschluss über eine verstärkte Identifikation mit sozialen Eigengruppen wie der religiösen oder nationalen Eigengruppe (Telefonstudie, Laborstudie II) sowie ebenfalls aggressive feindselige Tendenzen über fremdenfeindliche oder antisemitische Haltungen (Telefonstudie) aufgedeckt. Weiterhin stellt generelle Selbstunsicherheit einen Mediator zwischen empfundener Exklusion und der sozialen Eigengruppenidentifikation über die nationale Eigengruppe dar (Telefonstudie). Ein Fokus des Dissertationsprojekts lag zudem auf einer ersten Untersuchung von Indikatoren eines kontrollbasierten Drei-Phasenmodells im Umgang mit subjektiv empfundener Exklusion (Telefonstudie, Laborstudie I). Basierend auf dem Modell kann ein Prozess empfundener Exklusion erstmalig empirisch analysiert werden, welcher sich auch in potenziellen Folgen wie einem erhöhten sozialen Anschlussstreben oder verstärkten aggressiven Tendenzen spiegeln sollte. Das Phasenmodell wurde aus den Theorien psychologischer Reaktanz (Brehm & Brehm, 1981), sekundärer Kontrolle (Rothbaum, Weisz & Snyder, 1982) und erlernter Hilflosigkeit (Seligman, 1975, 1992) abgeleitet. Aus den empirischen Befunden gezogene theoretische Schlussfolgerungen werden abschließend dargestellt und diskutiert. Zudem werden Hinweise für eine zukünftige Exklusionsforschung gegeben. So erscheint beispielsweise eine Differenzierung zwischen sozial und gesellschaftlich empfundener Exklusion auch hinsichtlich resultierender Gedanken, Gefühle und Verhaltensweisen für weitere sozialwissenschaftliche Untersuchungen interessant.

Estudio bibliom??trico de Aula Abierta

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

Variacions del sodi i el potassi plasmàtics durant l'exercici físic : factors associats.

Resumen tomado del autor. Se muestran tablas de soluciones hidratantes con su contenido en sodio y potasio

L'entrenament de l'acrob??cia en el salt de perxa

Resumen tomado del autor. Se muestran dibujos de posiciones en anilla y p??rtiga

Dimensions de la figura de l'entrenador professional en els esports d'equip.

Resumen tomado del autor. Se muestran esquemas de funciones y tareas de la figura del entrenador así como ámbitos y formas de actuación

Fitness aquàtic : una alternativa a les gimnàstiques de manteniment.

Resumen tomado del autor. Se muestran tablas, esquemas explicativos y fotografías

Entre el ser i l'haver de ser de l'autoritat en l'esport.

Resumen tomado del autor

Al voltant de l'ensenyament de l'educació física.

Resumen tomado del autor