Thrombospondin-2: A potent endogenous inhibitor of tumor growth and angiogenesis

Recent evidence suggests a potential role for thrombospondin-2 (TSP-2), a matricellular glycoprotein, in the regulation of primary angiogenesis. To directly examine the biological effect of TSP-2 expression on tumor growth and angiogenesis, human A431 squamous cell carcinoma cells, which do not express TSP-2, were stably transfected with a murine TSP-2 expression vector or with vector alone. A431 cells expressing TSP-2 did not show an altered growth rate, colony-forming ability, or susceptibility to induction of apoptosis in vitro. However, injection of TSP-2-transfected clones into the dermis of nude mice resulted in pronounced inhibition of tumor growth that was significantly stronger than the inhibition observed in A431 clones stably transfected with a thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) expression vector, and combined overexpression of TSP-1 and TSP-2 completely prevented tumor formation. Extensive areas of necrosis were observed in TSP-2-expressing tumors, and both the density and the size of tumor vessels were significantly reduced, although tumor cell expression of the major tumor angiogenesis factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, was maintained at high levels. These findings establish TSP-2 as a potent endogenous inhibitor of tumor growth and angiogenesis.

Role for neuronally derived fractalkine in mediating interactions between neurons and CX3CR1-expressing microglia

A recently identified chemokine, fractalkine, is a member of the chemokine gene family, which consists principally of secreted, proinflammatory molecules. Fractalkine is distinguished structurally by the presence of a CX3C motif as well as transmembrane spanning and mucin-like domains and shows atypical constitutive expression in a number of nonhematopoietic tissues, including brain. We undertook an extensive characterization of this chemokine and its receptor CX3CR1 in the brain to gain insights into use of chemokine-dependent systems in the central nervous system. Expression of fractalkine in rat brain was found to be widespread and localized principally to neurons. Recombinant rat CX3CR1, as expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells, specifically bound fractalkine and signaled in the presence of either membrane-anchored or soluble forms of fractalkine protein. Fractalkine stimulated chemotaxis and elevated intracellular calcium levels of microglia; these responses were blocked by anti-CX3CR1 antibodies. After facial motor nerve axotomy, dramatic changes in the levels of CX3CR1 and fractalkine in the facial nucleus were evident. These included increases in the number and perineuronal location of CX3CR1-expressing microglia, decreased levels of motor neuron-expressed fractalkine mRNA, and an alteration in the forms of fractalkine protein expressed. These data describe mechanisms of cellular communication between neurons and microglia, involving fractalkine and CX3CR1, which occur in both normal and pathological states of the central nervous system.

Del hospital al balneario: arquitecturas para tratar y prevenir las enfermedades [PPT]

Presentación realizada para VIII Trobades del Seminari d’Estudis sobre la Ciència: L’oci, el turisme, i la salut en als municipis valencians, San Vicente del Raspeig, 26-27 mayo 2011.

Del hospital al balneario: arquitecturas para tratar y prevenir las enfermedades

En el presente artículo se estudian las relaciones existentes en materia de hospitales entre la disciplina de la arquitectura y la ciencia de la medicina en el periodo de las eras Moderna y Contemporánea (1450-1950), es decir: las influencias entre ambas a través de sus respectivos avances y descubrimientos; particularizado para Occidente y para las tierras valencianas. El recorrido jalona los tipos arquitectónicos hospitalarios cruciforme, radial, pabellonario y colonia, y los coloca en correspondencia paralela a las teorías médicas hipocrática y galénica, la miasmática, la taxonomía y la nosología, para finalizar con las teorías del higienismo (sanitary movement) y la teoría microbiana de las enfermedades con los cambios que esta última introduce, junto a otros de índole técnica. Esto supone un cierto distanciamiento entre arquitectura y medicina a partir del siglo XX. Con la revolución industrial el tiempo era dinero; con la revolución sanitaria el tiempo sería vida. A ello se añaden las relaciones entre las curas por hidroterapia, talasoterapia y climatoterapia con los balnearios termales y los marinos. Se asiste a la doble evolución: del enfrentamiento a la enfermedad como un acto de cura de agudos y la arquitectura vinculada entendida como una máquina para curar (los hospitales), al planteamiento de la salud como un acto de tratamiento de crónicos y prevención, entendiendo la arquitectura vinculada como residencias o lugares de residencia y/o ocio (los balnearios). Las obras y proyectos arquitectónicos más sobresalientes que ilustran el discurso son: el antiguo hospital general de Valencia (s. XVI), el hospital civil de Oliver en Alcoy (s. XIX), el antiguo hospital provincial de Alicante (s. XX), el balneario de Busot (ss. XIX-XX), el sanitarium de Babel (s. XIX) y el conjunto de balnearios marítimos que existían por toda la costa valenciana (desde Torrevieja hasta Benicásim) y que han desaparecido en su totalidad tras la II guerra mundial. Se efectúa un recorrido histórico por los tipos de hospitales, que se plantean como arquitecturas para curar las enfermedades, hasta la aparición de los balnearios, planteados como arquitecturas para prevenirlas.

Engineer Leandro Badarán’s project to safeguard the fortresses of Alicante in 1794

After the construction of the San Carlos bastion in Alicante in the final decade of the seventeenth century, and the great trench which the English built around the district of San Francisco during their years of dominance in the War of Succession, the waters of the San Blas gully caused serious damage to these fortifications of the city and to the trade buildings of the port. In 1772, the diversion canal was built. It was designed to divert the riverbed of the gully and send the waters directly to the sea. The project had been initially designed by the Engineer General, Jorge Próspero de Verboom in 1721. This unique work of engineering had some defects, principally in the breakwater which prevented the waters from flowing down the former river course. On several occasions, the water returned to its original riverbed due to the weakness of the breakwater, the narrowness of the channel’s bed and its lack of regularisation, causing serious damage to the bastion, the Babel-facing façade, the traders’ warehouses and other buildings. This study describes the project that the military engineer Leandro Badarán carried out in 1794 in order to technically improve this canal and examines his report on the state of the fortifications. Similar works built in Spain are also explained. It also analyses the repeated disputes between the war department and the port throughout these years over finding a technical solution to the problem.

Inference of binding affinity from neuronal receptors in humans

Tese de mestrado, Bioinformática e Biologia Computacional (Bioinformática), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2016

Foucault e a filosofia

Michel Foucault foi um leitor perseverante, embora sui generis, de Kant, e é essa apropriação que iremos analisar. Começaremos pela longa introdução que fez para a sua tradução de Anthropologie in pragmatischer Hinsicht, mostrando aí o insucesso da antropologia pragmática kantiana. Prosseguiremos com o estudo da Crítica kantiana em Les Mots et les Choses, condição que definiu a transição da episteme Clássica para a Moderna, autorizando no entanto, e simultaneamente, a constituição de uma nova metafísica fora das representações e constituindo uma filosofia obcecada pelo homem, ao reduzir o seu campo de saber às “empiricidades” da vida, da linguagem e do trabalho. Nietzsche virá em seu socorro oferecendo com o “desaparecimento do homem” a promessa do renascimento da filosofia. Finalmente, num terceiro ponto, pensaremos a maneira como Foucault se inscreve mais directamente na recepção kantiana, prolongando-a e renovando-a através do destaque que deu ao “diagnóstico da actualidade” e à “ontologia de nós mesmos”, em vez da “analítica da verdade”, bem como à axiologia da revolução; presentes nos textos que escreveu já na década de 80 sobre Was ist Aufklärung? e Der Streit der Facultäten, definindo aí muito da sua própria condição de pensador, público e privado.

Verkehr und Kommunikation

Die Vorlage zu Finanzierung und Ausbau der Bahninfrastruktur (FABI) wurde in der Volksabstimmung angenommen. - Die «Milchkuh-Initiative» kam zustande. - Beide Parlamentskammern sprachen sich für den Bau einer zweiten Gotthardröhre aus, das Referendum dagegen wurde ergriffen. - Das Parlament beschloss, den Zahlungsrahmen für die Förderung des alpenquerenden Schienengüterverkehrs um fünf Jahre zu verlängern. - Der Streit zwischen Frankreich und der Schweiz um die Besteuerung des Schweizer Sektors im Euroairport Basel-Mulhouse ging in eine neue Runde. - Die Swiss sah sich einer verschärften Konkurrenz ausgesetzt.

D. Martin Luthers Werke.

This book is a pre-publication prospectus of the Weimar Edition of Luther's Works. It contains a table of contents as well as the anticipated publication date for each forthcoming volume. As they are printed, each volume of Luther's works will be divided into four "series": I: Werke; II: Tischreden; III: Deutsche Bibel; IV: Briefe.

Geschichte des Erbsündendogmas; ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des Problems vom Ursprung des Übels.

Bibliography: v.l, p. 377-384; v.2, p. 574-580.

Las horas doradas.

Poems.

Histoire naturelle générale et particuliére : avec la description du Cabinet du Roy : tome troisième /

Contiene: Histoire naturelle de l'homme.

Dr. Martin Luther's Sämmtliche werke ...

Vol. 21-23, 27-48 have imprint; Erlangen, C. Heyder [etc.]

Histoire universelle, depuis le commencement du monde jusqu'a présent /

Mode of access: Internet.

Aus dem Leben Theodor von Bernhardis.

Edition varies.