Three-dimensional technology facilitates surgical performance of novice laparoscopy surgeons: a quantitative assessment on a porcine kidney model

Objective To determine whether the use of 3-dimensional (3D) imaging translates into a better surgical performance of naïve urologic laparoscopic surgeons during pyeloplasty (PY) and partial nephrectomy (PN) procedures. Materials and Methods Eighteen surgeons without any previous laparoscopic experience were randomly assigned to perform PY and PN in a porcine model using initially 2-dimensional (2D) and 3D laparoscopy. A surgical performance score was rated by an "expert" tutor through a modified 5-item global rating scale contemplating operative field view, bimanual dexterity, efficiency, tissue handling, and autonomy. Overall surgical time, complications, subjective perception of participating surgeons, and inconveniences related to the 3D vision were recorded. Results No difference in terms if operative time was found between 2D or 3D laparoscopy for both the PY (P =.51) and the PN (P =.28) procedures. A better rate in terms of surgical performance score was noted by the tutors when the study participants were using 3D vs 2D, for both PY (3.6 [0.8] vs 3.0 [0.4]; P =.034) and PN (3.6 [0.51] vs 3.15 [0.63]; P =.001). No complications occurred in any of the procedures. Most (77.2%) of the participating na??ve laparoscopic surgeons had the perception that 3D laparoscopy was overall easier than 2D. Headache (18.1%), nausea (18.1%), and visual disturbance (18.1%) were the most common issues reported by the surgeons during 3D procedures. Conclusion Despite the absence of translation in a shorter operative time, the use of 3D technology seems to facilitate the surgical performance of naive surgeons during laparoscopic kidney procedures on a porcine model.

High performance screen printable lithium-ion battery cathode ink based on C-LiFePO4

Lithium-ion battery cathodes have been fabricated by screen-printing through the development of CLiFePO4 inks. It is shown that shear thinning polymer solutions in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) with Newtonian viscosity above 0.4 Pa s are the best binders for formulating a cathode paste with satisfactory film forming properties. The paste shows an elasticity of the order of 500 Pa and, after shear yielding, shows an apparent viscosity of the order of 3 Pa s for shear rates corresponding to those used during screen-printing. The screen-printed cathode produced with a thickness of 26 mm shows a homogeneous distribution of the active material, conductive additive and polymer binder. The total resistance and diffusion coefficient of the cathode are 450 V and 2.5 10 16cm2 s 1, respectively. The developed cathodes show an initial discharge capacity of 48.2 mAh g 1 at 5C and a discharge value of 39.8 mAh g 1 after 50 cycles. The capacity retention of 83% represents 23% of the theoretical value (charge and/or discharge process in twenty minutes), demonstrating the good performance of the battery. Thus, the developed C-LiFePO4 based inks allow to fabricate screen-printed cathodes suitable for printed lithium-ion batteries

Glazing daylighting performance and Trombe wall thermal performance of a modular façade system in four different Portuguese cities

This paper reports on a new façade system that uses passive solutions in the search for energy efficiency. The differentials are the versatility and flexibility of the modules, which are important advantages of the system. The thermal performance of Trombe walls and glazings and the daylighting performance of glazing were the key aspects analyzed in the results. Computational simulations were accomplished for the thermal performance of different arrangements of the modules with DesignBuilder software. The glazing daylighting performance was studied by means of Ecotect and Desktop Radiance programs and compared with the transmittance curves of glazings. Occupancy profile and internal gains were fixed according to the Portuguese reality for both studies. The main characteristics considered in this research were the use of two double glazings, four different climates in Portugal and one and two Trombe walls in the façade. The results show an important reduction in the energy consumption with the use of Trombe walls and double self-cleaning glazing in the façade, which also presented better daylighting performance.

Avaliação da performance clínica de lentes de contacto descartáveis diárias: um estudo piloto

Dissertação de mestrado em Optometria Avançada

The real economic effects of cross-delistingfrom the united states: evidence on post-operating performance, financial constraints and stock crash risk

Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências Empresariais.

Motivação na administração pública: um estudo de caso nos serviços municipalizados de água e saneamento de Almada

Dissertação de Mestrado em Administração Pública (MPA)

Sistemas de controlo de gestão, empreendedorismo corporativo, estratégia e performance : contraste entre empresas familiares e não familiares

Mestrado em Contabilidade, Fiscalidade e Finanças Empresariais

Relationship between estimation and real motor performance in school-age children

The relationship between estimated and real motor competences was analyzed for several tasks. Participants were 303 children (160 boys and 143 girls), which had between 6 and 10 years of age (M=8.63, SD=1.16). None of the children presented developmental difficulties or learning disabilities, and all attended age-appropriate classes. Children were divided into three groups according to their age: group 1 (N= 102; age range: 6.48-8.01 years); group 2 (N= 101; age range: 8.02-9.22 years); and group 3 (N=100; age range: 9.24-10.93 years). Children were asked to predict their maximum distance for a locomotor, a manipulative, and a balance task, prior to performing those tasks. Children’s estimations were compared with their real performance to determine their accuracy. Children had, in general, a tendency to overestimate their performance (standing long jump: 56.11%, kicking: 63.37%, throwing: 73.60%, and Walking Backwards (WB) on a balance beam: 45.21%), and older children tended to be more accurate, except for the manipulative tasks. Furthermore, the relationship between estimation and real performance in children with different levels of motor coordination (Köperkoordinationstest für Kinder, KTK) was analyzed. The 75 children with the highest score comprised the Highest Motor Coordination (HMC) group, and the 78 children with the lowest score were placed in the Lowest Motor Coordination (LMC) group. There was a tendency for LMC and HMC children to overestimate their skills at all tasks, except for the HMC group at the WB task. Children with the HMC level tended to be more accurate when predicting their motor performance; however, differences in absolute percent error were only significant for the throwing and WB tasks. In conclusion, children display a tendency to overestimate their performance independently of their motor coordination level and task. This fact may be determinant to the development of their motor competences, since they are more likely to engage and persist in motor tasks, but it might also increase the occurrence of unintended injuries.

Valor prognóstico do índice de performance miocárdica no pós-operatório de cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o valor preditivo do índice de performance miocárdica (IPM) para complicações cardiovasculares em pacientes de baixo risco no pós-operatório (PO) de cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica (CRM) no período de internação hospitalar. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 80 pacientes submetidos a CRM com função ventricular esquerda adequada no pré-operatório, nos quais o IPM foi medido nas primeiras horas de pós-operatório. Os pacientes foram acompanhados até a alta hospitalar. A análise estatística incluiu teste qui-quadrado de Pearson, teste t de Student e teste de Mann-Whitney, além do cálculo do risco relativo, com intervalos de confiança de 95%, e das propriedades de sensibilidade e especificidade do índice, com elaboração de curva ROC. RESULTADOS: Os dados foram avaliados por dois observadores independentes, cegos aos dados clínicos, com variabilidade intra e interobservador não significativa. Encontrou-se IPM=0,43 como ponto de corte, considerando-se acima de 0,43 os pacientes com maior probabilidade de eventos no pós-operatório. Os eventos relevantes para análise foram IAM (RR 0,87; IC 0,21 - 3,65); fibrilação atrial (RR 0,65; IC 0,24 - 1,76); outras arritmias (RR 1,51; IC 0,36 - 6,33) e disfunção VE (RR 1,74; IC 0,31 - 9,88), não havendo associação entre pacientes com IPM>0,43 e a ocorrência destes eventos. O tempo de internação hospitalar foi similar, entre os grupos (p=0,999). CONCLUSÃO: Não houve associação do IPM com complicações cardiovasculares e maior tempo de internação neste grupo de pacientes, podendo-se considerar esse índice inadequado como método preditivo isolado.

Determinación del coeficiente de retención para pernos intraradiculares colados, confeccionados por diferentes técnicas. Análisis comparativo.

Uno de los objetivos concretos de los remanentes radiculares tratados endodónticamente, es de servir como elemento de anclaje para una futura restauración protética. Si bien, todo tratamiento con pernos trae aparejado un cierto grado de debilitamiento tisular, es vital que este tipo de prótesis adapten correctamente, ya que de ellas depende la estabilidad y la permanencia de la consecuente corona en boca. Son muchas las causas que nos pueden llevar a la falta de ajuste y adaptación de nuestras restauraciones. En líneas generales, el Odontólogo generalista esta preocupado especialmente en lo referente al campo clínico, es decir, características anatómicas y fisiológicas del diente a tratar, longitud y diámetro canalicular, remanente coronario, particularidades del tejido duro de soporte, proximidad con el tejido blando, técnicas y materiales de impresión, etc. Cada uno de estos aspectos son de suma importancia para lograr el éxito de las restauraciones protéticas, pero si las técnicas o procedimientos de laboratorio no son cuidadosos, precisos y de alta fidelidad, los procedimientos clínicos pierden sustento y valor profesional. Es por ello que nos proponemos investigar específicamente en el área de laboratorio la posibilidad de utilizar variantes de la técnica convencional para la realización de pernos intraradiculares colados. Nuestra propuesta es la de realizar patrones sobre modelos sin la necesidad de ser separados del mismo para ser colados, a diferencia de la técnica convencional que si lo hace. El uso de material refractario en reemplazo del yeso dental, en el acto del vaciado de la impresión, nos proporciona esa ventaja, ya que de esta manera no es necesario introducir el material de confección del patrón en el interior del conducto que se encuentra en el modelo. En otras palabras, con esta técnica no habrá confección de patrón (en la porción “intraradicular” del perno) ya que la cavidad para el acceso del metal en el proceso de colado queda formada como consecuencia del vaciado con revestimiento sobre la impresión. (Método COPISMY, Técnica creada y diseñada por el responsable de la Cátedra y colaboradores). La disminución de los pasos secuenciales, la facilitación de la tarea técnica, la reducción del grado de manipulación de los materiales y la simplificación del proceso, son los fundamentos principales para alentar esta idea. Posteriormente, se llevará a cabo un estudio comparativo entre los resultados obtenidos en ambas técnicas, con el objetivo de establecer si tales variantes mejoran o no los valores de retención conocidos.

Índice de dissincronia ventricular: comparação com a fração de ejeção bidimensional e tridimensional

FUNDAMENTO: O acoplamento eletromecânico (sincronia) do ventrículo esquerdo (VE) tem importância na análise da performance sistólica, especialmente para a indicação da terapia de ressincronização cardíaca em pacientes com ICC avançada. OBJETIVO: Comparar a sincronia do VE analisada com ecocardiograma (eco) tridimensional (3D) em tempo real com medidas de FEVE obtidas com ECO 2D e 3D. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo de 92 indivíduos (56 homens, 47±10 anos), 60 com anatomia cardíaca (eco) e ECG normais (Grupo N), 32 com cardiomiopatia dilatada (Grupo CMD). Com o emprego do ECO 3D foram aferidos FEVE, volumes e índice de dissincronia (ID)% para 16 segmentos do VE; com o ECO 2D foram medidos FEVE (método de Simpson) e volumes sistólico e diastólico do VE. Análise estatística: coeficiente de correlação (Pearson), 95% IC, teste de regressão linear, teste de Bland & Altman, p<0,05. RESULTADOS: O ID% variou de 0,2900 a 28,1000 (5,2014±6,3281), a FEVE 3D variou de 0,17 a 0,81 (0,52±0,17); a FEVE 2D variou de 0,3 a 0,69 (0,49±0,11). A correlação entre ID e FEVE 3D foi (r): -0,7432, p<0,0001, IC: -0,8227 a -0,6350, a relação linear entre ID (x) e FEVE 3D (y) foi y = 19,8124 + (-27,9578) x , p<0,0001. A correlação entre ID e FEVE 2D foi (r): -0,7012, p<0,0001, IC: -0,7923 a -0,5797. CONCLUSÃO: Nesta casuística foi observada boa correlação negativa entre o acoplamento sistólico tridimensional eletromecânico do VE e a FEVE medida ao ecocardiograma (3D e 2D).

Mejoramiento del comportamiento térmico de sistemas de calentamiento de agua solares termosifónicos hechos con materiales no convencionales y con tanques de almacenamiento verticales y horizontales Performance improvement of solar thermosyphonic systems for water heating made of non conventional materials and using horizontal and vertical storage tanks

El objeto de estudio de este proyecto son los sistemas de calentamiento de agua mediante energía solar que funcionan termosifónicamente. En particular se tratará con dos diseños particulares generados por fabricantes de la Provincia de Córdoba y que han solicitado el asesoramiento del Grupo de Energía Solar (GES) para el mejoramiento de la performance térmica de dichos equipos. Se trata de dos sistemas que tienen materiales no tradicionales y se diferencian además por tener una distinta disposición del tanque de almacenamiento: uno es en forma vertical y el otro en forma horizontal. Basados en los resultados de un ensayo bajo norma internacional, donde se detectaron algunas puntos factibles de mejora, se propone en este proyecto el análisis en detalle de los equipos, para lo cual se les debe desarmar completos, para realizar un estudio analítico y experimental de los mismos con el objeto de hacer un planteo teórico-analítico del comportamiento de los mismos, con la implementación de propuestas de mejora y chequeo de los resultados. Se propone entonces como objetivo lograr un mejoramiento de la performance térmica de los citados equipos a partir de un estudio experimental y analítico. Asumiendo esta posibilidad de mejora, se plantea la hipótesis de que es posible representar el funcionamiento de estos equipos mediante modelos físico-matemáticos desarrollados a partir de ecuaciones y correlaciones conocidas y procesos a interpretar mediante resoluciones numéricas y softwares específicos de simulación. De esta manera, se plantea el despieze completo de los equipos para estudiar en detalle su estructura y conexiones internas y a partir de la geometría, dimensiones y propiedades termofísicas de materiales constructivos y fluidos de trabajo, realizar modelos físico-matemáticos que permitan realizar variaciones de propiedades y geometría y así buscar las mejores combinaciones que produzcan equipos más eficientes térmicamente. Los modelos físico-matemáticos serán codificados en lenguajes de alto nivel para poder luego de una validación de los modelos, correr simulaciones en un software de reconocimiento internacional que permite sumar dichos modelos mediante un protocolo de comunicación, haciendo que las poderosas prestaciones del software se puedan aplicar a nuestros modelos. Se complementará el estudio con un análisis exergético para identificar los puntos críticos en que se producen las pérdidas de oportunidad de aprovechar la energía disponible, para así analizar cómo solucionar los problemas en dichos puntos. Los materiales a utilizar serán los propios equipos provistos por los fabricantes, que serán modificados convenientemente para operarlos como prototipos Se espera obtener un conocimiento acabado de los procesos y principios de funcionamiento de los equipos, que permita plantear las mejoras, las cuales se implementarán en los prototipos, realizándose una medición mediante norma igual a la inicial para ver en que magnitud se logran las mejoras esperadas. Se pretende además que las mejoras a implementar, en la etapa de transferencia a las empresas involucradas, redunden no sólo en un beneficio técnico, sino que también los sea desde el punto de vista económico. Para ello se trabajará también sobre los procesos y métodos de fabricación para que los equipos mejorados no sean mas caros que los originales y de ser posible sean aún más económicos, todo esto apuntando a la difusión de la energía solar térmica y poner al alcance de todos estos equipos tan convenientes para la propagación de las energías limpias. El proyecto redundará también en un importante beneficio para el conocimiento de la comunidad científica en general, con el aporte de nuevos resultados en diseños novedosos y con nuevos materiales. Además, la institución se beneficiará con la formación que obtendrán los integrantes del proyecto, muchos de ellos en etapa de realización de sus estudios de posgrado y en una etapa importante de su vida como investigadores. The main goal of this project is the improvement of two thermosyphonic solar water heating systems, made of non conventional materials and with different arrangement of their storage tanks: one is vertical and the other one horizontal. The thermosyphonic systems are provided by manufacturers of the Córdoba Province, who came to the Solar Energy Group (GES) of the National University of Río Cuarto looking for help for the design of their products. In an agreement with these manufacturers, it was proposed this project in order to work analytically and experimentally in order to obtain physical-mathematical models of these two systems, which allow for changes to look by means of simulations the best changes to implement on the equipments for the improvement of their thermal performance. Then, the materials to be used are the proper systems provided by the manufacturers, which will be disarmed to be studied in detail. After the analytical study the proposals of improvement will be implemented in a high level language of programming to perform simulations in the environment of a well-known software for energy simulations (TRNSYS). After the simulations, the best modifications will be physically implemented in the prototypes to perform finally the same normalized test of the beginning and check the magnitude of the implemented improvements. The importance of this project is based on the offer of better systems the companies would make, which would benefit the deployment of the thermal solar energy. Another relevant point is to make the new equipments at the same cost of the previous ones or cheaper, in order to achieve a good deployment of the solar water heating systems; then, the manufacture processes and methods must be studied to obtain not only good technical solutions, but also economical equipments. In addition, this project will contribute to the increasing of the knowledge in the area of thermosyphonic solar systems and the training of postgraduate students.

An emperical study of performance management systems in SMEs in the Republic of Ireland and the People's Republic of China : a cultural perspective

The objectives of this thesis are three. Firstly, finding and analyzing the differences of performance management system in SMEs in Ireland and China. Secondly, finding the cultural differences between China and Ireland and thirdly, integrating the research outcomes of the above research objectives, and then analyzing the effect of these cultural differences on performance management system in SMEs in China and Ireland.

Enhancing the performance of spread spectrum techniques in different applications

Spread spectrum, Automotive Radar, Indoor Positioning Systems, Ultrasonic and Microwave Imaging, super resolution technique and wavelet transform