PRETERM BIRTH AND FETAL GROWTH RESTRICTION IN HIV-INFECTED BRAZILIAN PREGNANT WOMEN

Introduction: Maternal HIV infection and related co-morbidities may have two outstanding consequences to fetal health: mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) and adverse perinatal outcomes. After Brazilian success in reducing MTCT, the attention must now be diverted to the potentially increased risk for preterm birth (PTB) and intrauterine fetal growth restriction (IUGR). Objective: To determine the prevalence of PTB and IUGR in low income, antiretroviral users, publicly assisted, HIV-infected women and to verify its relation to the HIV infection stage. Patients and Methods: Out of 250 deliveries from HIV-infected mothers that delivered at a tertiary public university hospital in the city of Vitória, state of Espírito Santo, Southeastern Brazil, from November 2001 to May 2012, 74 single pregnancies were selected for study, with ultrasound validated gestational age (GA) and data on birth dimensions: fetal weight (FW), birth length (BL), head and abdominal circumferences (HC, AC). The data were extracted from clinical and pathological records, and the outcomes summarized as proportions of preterm birth (PTB, < 37 weeks), low birth weight (LBW, < 2500g) and small (SGA), adequate (AGA) and large (LGA) for GA, defined as having a value below, between or beyond the ±1.28 z/GA score, the usual clinical cut-off to demarcate the 10th and 90th percentiles. Results: PTB was observed in 17.5%, LBW in 20.2% and SGA FW, BL, HC and AC in 16.2%, 19.1%, 13.8%, and 17.4% respectively. The proportions in HIV-only and AIDS cases were: PTB: 5.9 versus 27.5%, LBW: 14.7% versus 25.0%, SGA BW: 17.6% versus 15.0%, BL: 6.0% versus 30.0%, HC: 9.0% versus 17.9%, and AC: 13.3% versus 21.2%; only SGA BL attained a significant difference. Out of 15 cases of LBW, eight (53.3%) were preterm only, four (26.7%) were SGA only, and three (20.0%) were both PTB and SGA cases. A concomitant presence of, at least, two SGA dimensions in the same fetus was frequent. Conclusions: The proportions of preterm birth and low birth weight were higher than the local and Brazilian prevalence and a trend was observed for higher proportions of SGA fetal dimensions than the expected population distribution in this small casuistry of newborn from the HIV-infected, low income, antiretroviral users, and publicly assisted pregnant women. A trend for higher prevalence of PTB, LBW and SGA fetal dimensions was also observed in infants born to mothers with AIDS compared to HIV-infected mothers without AIDS.

Estudo e Avaliação de Plataformas de Business Intelligence em contexto empresarial

O crescente interesse pela área de Business Intelligence (BI) tem origem no reconhecimento da sua importância pelas organizações, como poderoso aliado dos processos de tomada de decisão. O BI é um conceito dinâmico, que se amplia à medida que são integradas novas ferramentas, em resposta a necessidades emergentes dos mercados. O BI não constitui, ainda, uma realidade nas pequenas e médias empresas, sendo, até, desconhecido para muitas. São, essencialmente, as empresas de maior dimensão, com presença em diferentes mercados e/ou áreas de negócio mais abrangentes, que recorrem a estas soluções. A implementação de ferramentas BI nas organizações depende, pois, das especificidades destas, sendo fundamental que a informação sobre as plataformas disponíveis e suas funcionalidades seja objetiva e inequívoca. Só uma escolha correta, que responda às necessidades da área de negócio desenvolvida, permitirá obter dados que resultem em ganhos, potenciando a vantagem competitiva empresarial. Com este propósito, efectua-se, na presente dissertação, uma análise comparativa das funcionalidades existentes em diversas ferramentas BI, que se pretende que venha auxiliar os processos de seleção da plataforma BI mais adaptada a cada organização e/ou negócio. As plataformas BI enquadram-se em duas grandes vertentes, as que implicam custos de aquisição, de índole comercial, e as disponibilizadas de forma livre, ou em código aberto, designadas open source. Neste sentido, equaciona-se se estas últimas podem constituir uma opção válida para as empresas com recursos mais escassos. Num primeiro momento, procede-se à implementação de tecnologias BI numa organização concreta, a operar na indústria de componentes automóveis, a Yazaki Saltano de Ovar Produtos Eléctricos, Ltd., implantada em Portugal há mais de 25 anos. Para esta empresa, o desenvolvimento de soluções com recurso a ferramentas BI afigura-se como um meio adequado de melhorar o acompanhamento aos seus indicadores de performance. Este processo concretizou-se a partir da stack tecnológica pré-existente na organização, a plataforma BI comercial da Microsoft. Com o objetivo de, por um lado, reunir contributos que possibilitem elucidar as organizações na escolha da plataforma BI mais adequada e, por outro, compreender se as plataformas open source podem constituir uma alternativa credível às plataformas comerciais, procedeu-se a uma pesquisa comparativa das funcionalidades das várias plataformas BI open source. Em resultado desta análise, foram selecionadas duas plataformas, a SpagoBI e a PentahoBI, utilizadas na verificação do potencial alternativo das open source face às plataformas comerciais. Com base nessas plataformas, reproduziu-se os processos e procedimentos desenvolvidos no âmbito do projeto de implementação BI realizado na empresa Yazaki Saltano.

Adaptation and Localization of Open Source ERPs - The case of Parties in OFBiz

O software tem vindo a tornar-se uma parte importante de qualquer empresa, cobrindo várias áreas funcionais, tais como manufaturação, vendas ou recursos humanos. O facto de uma empresa possuir um software capaz de ligar todas ou a maior parte das suas áreas funcionais e de acomodar as suas regras de negócio permite que estas tenham acesso a dados em tempo real nos quais se podem basear para tomar decisões. Estes tipos de software podem ser categorizados como Enterprise resource planning (ERP). Tendo em conta que estes tipos de software têm um papel importante dentro de uma empresa, a aquisição dos mesmos é algo que deve ser bem estudado. As grandes empresas normalmente optam pela aquisição de soluções comerciais uma vez que estas tendem a ter mais funcionalidades, maior suporte e certificações. Os ERPs comerciais representam, no entanto, um esforço elevado para que a sua compra possa ser feita, o que limita a possibilidade de aquisição dos mesmos por parte de pequenas ou médias empresas. No entanto, tal como acontece com a maior parte dos tipos de software, existem alternativas open-source. Se nos colocássemos na posição de uma pequena empresa, a tentar iniciar o seu negócio em Portugal, que tipo de ERP seria suficiente para os nossos requisitos? Teríamos que optar por comprar uma solução comercial, ou uma solução open-source seria suficiente? E se optássemos por desenvolver uma solução à medida? Esta tese irá responder a estas questões focando-se apenas num dos componentes base de qualquer ERP, a gestão de entidades. O componente de gestão de entidades é responsável por gerir todas as entidades com as quais a empresa interage abrangindo colaboradores, clientes, fornecedores, etc. A nível de funcionalidades será feita uma comparação entre um ERP comercial e um ERP open-source. Como os ERPs tendem a ser soluções muito genéricas é comum que estes não implementem todos os requisitos de um negócio em particular, como tal os ERPs precisam de ser extensíveis e adaptáveis. Para perceber até que ponto a solução open-source é extensível será feita uma análise técnica ao seu código fonte e será feita uma implementação parcial de um gerador de ficheiros de auditoria requerido pela lei Portuguesa, o SAF-T (PT). Ao estudar e adaptar a solução open-source podemos especificar o que teria que ser desenvolvido para podermos criar uma solução à medida de raiz.

The determinants of SMEs capital structure: Overcoming supply constraints

A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics

Automatic information retrieval through text-mining

The dissertation presented for obtaining the Master’s Degree in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, at Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia

Double-walled PLLA/PLGA particles for the sustained release of Meloxicam: preparation, characterisation and contolled release studies

There were two main objectives in this thesis investigation, first, the production, characterisation, in vitro degradation and release studies of double walled microspheres for drug release control. The second one, and the most challenging, was the production of double walled nanospheres, also for drug control delivery. The spheres were produced using two polymers, the Poly(L-lactide)Acid, PLLA, and the Poly(L-lactide-co-glycolic)Acid, PLGA.Afterwards, a model drug, Meloxicam, which is an antiinflammatory drug, was encapsulated into the particles. Micro and nanospheres were produced by the solvent extraction/evaporation method, where perfect spherical particles were obtained. By varying the polymers PLLA/PLGA mass ratio, different core and shell composition, as well as several shell and core thickness were observed. In the particles with a PLLA/PLGA mass ratio 1:1, the shell is composed by PLLA and the core by PLGA. It was also verified that the Meloxicam has a tendency to be distributed in the PLGA layer. Micro and nanoparticles were characterised in morphology, size, polymer cristalinity properties and drug distribution. Particles degradation studies was performed, where the particles in a PVA solution of pH 7,4 where placed in an incubator, during approximately 40 days, at 120rpm, and 37ºC, simulating, as much as possible, the human body environment. From these studies, the conclusion was that particles containing a PLGA shell and a PLLA core degrade more rapidly, due to the fact that PLLA is more hydrophobic than the PLGA. Concerning the drug release controlled results, done also for 40 and 50 days, they showed that the microspheres containing a shell of PLLA release more slowly than when the shell is composed of PLGA. This result was predictable, since the drug is solubilised in the PLGA polymer and so, in that case, the PLLA shell works like a barrier between the drug and the outer medium. Another positive aspect presented by this study is the lower initial burst effect, obtained when using double walled particles, which is one of the advantages of the same. In a second part of this investigation, the production of the nanospheres was the main goal, since it was not yet accomplished by other authors or investigators. After several studies, referring to the speed, time and type of agitation, as well as, the concentration and volume of the first aqueous solution of poly-vinyl-alcohol (PVA) during the process of solvent extraction/evaporation it was possible to obtain double walled nanospheres.(...)

The Pampulha reservoir remains a potential urban focus of schistosomiasis mansoni in Brazil: changes in the occurrence patterns of Biomphalaria species and a new record of the parasite

Introduction The Pampulha reservoir has long been a focus of schistosomiasis transmission in Belo Horizonte, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The last malacological study conducted in this urban reservoir was more than two decades ago, and thus, an update on the distribution of the species of Biomphalaria as well as new data on the presence of Schistosoma mansoni in this water body are required. Methods The current distribution of Biomphalaria spp. in the Pampulha reservoir and their infection with S. mansoni was evaluated during 55 malacological surveys conducted between 2009 and 2012. Results Biomphalaria straminea displayed a high population density and distribution, and 13.7% (2,233/16,235) of the specimens collected were infected with larval trematodes other than Schistosoma mansoni. Biomphalaria tenagophila and Biomphalaria glabrata, species currently presenting a restricted distribution and small populations, displayed trematode infection rates of 15.2% (98/644) and 13% (83/640), respectively. Thirteen (2%) specimens of B. glabrata were found to be infected with S. mansoni. In addition, a historical review based on previous and new data on the occurrence patterns of Biomphalaria species in this reservoir is presented. Conclusions The results indicate that the Pampulha reservoir remains a potential focus of urban schistosomiasis in Brazil, and significant changes in the occurrence patterns of Biomphalaria species were verified.

How small accounting firms can compete in an environment in which the big four are getting bigger

This paper sets out to determine how small accounting firms can compete in the United States in the early 21st century. The first chapter identifies the central goal of the paper: namely, to use existing literature and market data to define a business strategy for Ross & Moncure, Inc., a small accounting firm in the metropolitan Washington area. The second chapter is a literature review, and in it the author finds that large accounting firms are advantaged in terms of reputation, ability to diversify, and ability to retain employees, but are disadvantaged in their ability to form longstanding successful relationships with clients. In the third chapter, the author explores the relationship between the Big Four firms and their employees. The goal of this chapter is to determine how small accounting firms can compete for top talent in the HR market, and the author finds that this can be done by offering faster career progression and more client interaction. The fourth chapter looks at the market for accounting services in the United States, exploring the different options that consumers have to meet their accounting needs. It is found in this chapter that big and small accounting firms tend to compete for clients of different profiles. In the fifth chapter, the author uses proprietary company data to explore the composition, existing strategy and culture of Ross & Moncure. In the sixth chapter, all of the previous chapters come together to formulate a strategy and plan for action for Ross & Moncure: specifically, that the firm should further cultivate networks and relationships, and should create a fulfilling professional environment by increasing client-employee interaction, encouraging external education, and allowing employees to take on many different projects

Postoperative self-efficacy and psychological morbidity in radical prostatectomy

Objective: evaluate the general and perceived self-efficacy, psychological morbidity, and knowledge about postoperative care of patients submitted to radical prostatectomy. Identify the relationships between the variables and know the predictors of self-efficacy. Method: descriptive, cross-sectional study, conducted with 76 hospitalized men. The scales used were the General and Perceived Self-efficacy Scale and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, in addition to sociodemographic, clinical and knowledge questionnaires. Results: a negative relationship was found for self-efficacy in relation to anxiety and depression. Psychological morbidity was a significant predictor variable for self-efficacy. An active professional situation and the waiting time for surgery also proved to be relevant variables for anxiety and knowledge, respectively. Conclusion: participants had a good level of general and perceived self-efficacy and small percentage of depression. With these findings, it is possible to produce the profile of patients about their psychological needs after radical prostatectomy and, thus, allow the nursing professionals to act holistically, considering not only the need for care of physical nature, but also of psychosocial nature.

Avaliação da implementação do SAP ERP na logística: estudo de caso

Dissertação de mestrado em Engenharia de Sistemas

A gestão de recursos humanos nas pequenas e médias empresas em Portugal: Definição de um modelo de atuação

Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências Empresariais

High-aspect-ratio tridimensional electrode arrays for neural applications

Tese de Doutoramento em Engenharia Biomédica.

O mercado único e as pequenas e médias empresas

Trabalho de projeto de mestrado em Políticas Comunitárias e Cooperação Territorial

Reconstruction of the regulatory network for Bacillus subtilis and reconciliation with gene expression data

The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb. 2016.00275

Beeswax organogels: Influence of gelator concentration and oil type in the gelation process

This work focused on how different types of oil phase, MCT (medium chain triglycerides) and LCT (long chain triglycerides), exert influence on the gelation process of beeswax and thus properties of the organogel produced thereof. Organogels were produced at different temperatures and qualitative phase diagrams were constructed to identify and classify the type of structure formed at various compositions. The microstructure of gelator crystals was studied by polarized light microscopy. Melting and crystallization were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry and rheology (flow and small amplitude oscillatory measurements) to understand organogels' behaviour under different mechanical and thermal conditions. FTIR analysis was employed for a further understanding of oil-gelator chemical interactions. Results showed that the increase of beeswax concentration led to higher values of storage and loss moduli (G, G) and complex modulus (G*) of organogels, which is associated to the strong network formed between the crystalline gelator structure and the oil phase. Crystallization occurred in two steps (well evidenced for higher concentrations of gelator) during temperature decreasing. Thermal analysis showed the occurrence of hysteresis between melting and crystallization. Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) analysis allowed a better understanding in terms of how crystal conformations were disposed for each type of organogel. The structuring process supported by medium or long-chain triglycerides oils was an important exploit to apprehend the impact of different carbon chain-size on the gelation process and on gels' properties.