Las abreviaciones del español usadas en lacomunicación mediada por ordenador por jóvenesmexicanos.

The aim of this study is to investigate the reasons why young people in Mexico useabbreviations, how abbreviations are used and what kind of abbreviations they use amongtheir group of friends. The study is conducted among a small sample of persons between 18 to30 years old and from one sociocultural group.We studied a group of 20 informants. In this group we included young people working as acashiers, warehouse workers, employees in stores, etc. These informants answered a writtenquestionnaire and we also analyzed 40 of their Facebook messages.In summary, it was noticed that the abbreviations were used because it is a fast way to writebecause they save time. According to the informants “It is fun and is easy to use them whenwriting their messages”. We could see that a few informants use them because it is a new wayof writing as well as considering it to be entertaining to write their messages. When analyzingtheir messages, we saw that these informants do not seem to have rules when writing theirabbrevations, they shorten the words in all forms and place them in any part of theirmessages. They often adapt their way of writing to the pronunciation of the words, similar tothe spoken language. Some words had influences from the caliche jargot (a variety ofcolloquial language used among young people in Mexico). The informants in this study areusing all kinds of abbreviations such as abbreviated words, acronyms and shortenings

IT­-Forensisk undersökning av flyktigt minne : På Linux och Android enheter

Att kunna gör en effektiv undersökning av det flyktiga minnet är något som blir viktigare ochviktigare i IT-forensiska utredningar. Dels under Linux och Windows baserade PC installationermen också för mobila enheter i form av Android och enheter baserade andra mobila opperativsy-stem.Android använder sig av en modifierad Linux-kärna var modifikationer är för att anpassa kärnantill de speciella krav som gäller för ett mobilt operativsystem. Dessa modifikationer innefattardels meddelandehantering mellan processer men även ändringar till hur internminnet hanteras ochövervakas.Då dessa två kärnor är så pass nära besläktade kan samma grundläggande principer användas föratt dumpa och undersöka minne. Dumpningen sker via en kärn-modul vilket i den här rapportenutgörs av en programvara vid namn LiME vilken kan hantera bägge kärnorna.Analys av minnet kräver att verktygen som används har en förståelse för minneslayouten i fråga.Beroende på vilken metod verktyget använder så kan det även behövas information om olika sym-boler. Verktyget som används i det här examensarbetet heter Volatility och klarar på papperet avatt extrahera all den information som behövs för att kunna göra en korrekt undersökning.Arbetet avsåg att vidareutveckla existerande metoder för analys av det flyktiga minnet på Linux-baserade maskiner (PC) och inbyggda system(Android). Problem uppstod då undersökning avflyktigt minne på Android och satta mål kunde inte uppnås fullt ut. Det visade sig att minnesanalysriktat emot PC-plattformen är både enklare och smidigare än vad det är mot Android.

Gamers preferenser för användargränssnitt på en spelrelaterad webbplats

Användargränssnittsdesign är en stor del av en webbsidas intryck och förändras snabbt i takt med teknologins utveckling och trender. Men det gäller även att locka rätt användare. Hur lockar en webbsida till sig rätt målgrupp? Målet med rapporten var att analysera målgruppen gamers utifrån hur de upplever det grafiska användargränssnittet på en spelrelaterad webbsida. Rapporten behandlar även översiktitligt om aktuella trender för webbdesign tilltalar gamers. Undersökningen utfördes i två delar. I den första delen undersöktes 20 av de största spelrelaterade webbsidornas användargränssnitt. Under del två genomfördes en enkät och intervjuer med målgruppen gamers. I både enkäten och intervjuerna fick respondenterna ta ställning till olika mockups av en fiktiv webbsida. Det var stor skillnad på vad gamers ansåg vara tilltalande jämfört med hur de analyserade webbsidorna såg ut. Exempelvis var endast 25 % av de analyserade webbsidorna mörka medan 71,9 % av respondenterna föredrog en mörk layout.

Usability of government websites in Uganda

Government websites offer great benefits to citizens and governments. Such benefits, however,cannot be realized if websites are unusable. This study investigates usability of government websites in Uganda.Using the feature investigation method, the study evaluated four Ugandan government websites according tothree perspectives. Results show that websites are partially usable in the design layout and navigationperspectives but are rather weak in stating legal policies. Evaluation results provide the Ugandan governmentwith a clear picture of what needs to be improved according to international website design standards. Moreover,the parsimonious evaluation framework proposed in the research is useful for any country that wants to do aquick and easy evaluation of their government websites.

Simulation of condensation problems in a roller-skating centre

A commercial roller-skating centre in southern Australia had condensation problems on both the roof and floor. The building is a typical warehouse-type structure with a high level of natural ventilation due to poor construction and permanently open vents. A computer model of the building, using the thermal simulation software TRNSYS, was calibrated from a sensitivity analysis of three key parameters, namely air exchange rate, roof surface heat transfer coefficient and deep ground temperature. The predicted times of condensation on the roof were compared with site observations. The time of year was predicted with acceptable accuracy, although earlier in the morning than had been observed. The effect of installing foil insulation in the roof was simulated. Under normal winter conditions, this modification was enough to stop the condensation. However, in unusually cold and humid conditions, condensation still occurred on both surfaces. This was overcome by heating the floor (15 W/m 2 ) for approximately eight hours. Subsequent modifications have demonstrated the value of the simulations.

The German two-tier board and the German corporate governance code

This paper deals with some interesting recent corporate governance developments in Germany. The focus is in particular on the German Corporate Governance Code, its parts, layout and how it deals with the various organs of German public corporations. The German Code is quite unique since it applies a Code of Good Practice to a two-tier board system, thus making it necessary to deal with the role and functions and the relationship between the management and the supervisory board. This paper concludes that several changes to the German law relating to public corporations since the middle of the 1990s and the introduction of the German Code will ensure that the two-tier board system will remain the favoured board structure for public corporations in Germany. It is, however, submitted that employee participation at supervisory board level will provide particular political challenges for Germany in the near future.

Evolving insight into high-dimensional data

ISOMap is a popular method for nonlinear dimensionality reduction in batch mode, but need to run its entirety inefficiently if the data comes sequentially. In this paper, we present an extension of ISOMap, namely I-ISOMap, augmenting the existing ISOMap framework to the situation where additional points become available after initial manifold is constructed. The MDS step, as a key component in ISOMap, is adapted by introducing Spring model and sampling strategy. As a result, it consumes only linear time to obtain a stable layout due to the Spring model’s iterative nature. The proposed method outperforms earlier work by Law [1], where their MDS step runs within quadratic time. Experimental results show that I-ISOMap is a precise and efficient technique for capturing evolving manifold.

The metabolic and cognitive energy costs of stabilising a high-energy interlimb coordination task

Kinematic (relative phase error), metabolic (oxygen consumption, heart rate) and attentional (baseline and cycling reaction times) variables were measured while participants practised a high energy-demanding, intrinsically unstable 90° relative phase coordination pattern on independent bicycle ergometers. The variables were found to be strongly inter-correlated, suggesting a link between emerging performance stability with practice and minimal metabolic and attentional cost. The effects of practice of 90° relative phase coordination on the performance of in-phase (0°-phase) and antiphase (180°-phase) coordination were investigated by measuring the relative phase attractor layouts and recording the metabolic and attentional cost of the three coordination patterns before and after practice. The attentional variables did not differ significantly between coordination patterns and did not change with practice. Before practice, the coordination performance was most accurate and stable for in-phase cycling, with antiphase next and 90°-phase the poorest. However, metabolic cost was lower for antiphase than either in-phase or 90°-phase cycling, and the pre-practice attractor layout deviated from that predicted on the basis of dynamic stability as an attractor state, revealing an attraction to antiphase cycling. After practice of 90°-phase cycling, in-phase cycling remained the most accurate and stable, with 90°-phase next and antiphase the poorest, but antiphase retained the lowest metabolic energy cost. The attractor layout had changed, with new attractors formed at the practised 90°-phase pattern and its symmetrical partner of 270°-phase. Considering both the pre- and post-practice results, attractors were formed at either a low metabolic energy cost but less stable (antiphase) pattern or at a more stable but higher metabolic energy cost (90°-phase) pattern, but in neither case at the most stable and accurate (in-phase) pattern. The results suggest that energetic factors affect coordination dynamics and that coordination modes lower in metabolic energy expenditure may compete with dynamically stable modes.

Thermal control of high pressure die casting using computational fluid dynamics

The quality of high pressure die castings is a function of many interdependent parameters. It has been observed that many defects detected in the HPDC castings can be tracked back to poor die temperature distribution in the critical areas. It has therefore been recommended that the development of a technique to directly control the critical features - making them less sensitive to thermal related parameters - be very beneficial to the HPDC industry. From the information obtained from thermal image (processing), computational fluid dynamics has been applied to design the layout of internal cooling system and assign the flow conditions such as flow rate and pressure of the cooling water. it is observed that CFD prediction provides an excellent insight into the thermal balance of the high pressure die casting.

A review of the guidelines for ABC stock control

The paper summarises the methods promulgated in the literature for the design and maintenance of an effective inventory control system. Surprisingly, when it comes to putting theory into practice, the directives are often contradictory or opaque and their logic is inconsistent. Several published cases are dissected to try and rectify this parlous situation. In fact, the exercise soon reveals the heart of the problem. The classic EOQ model ignores the part played at the supplier’s end by efficient and responsive warehouse and transport operations. These activities depend greatly upon good advanced resource planning, which in turn is able to benefit from regular, cyclic, stock replenishment procedures.

The domain layer for mixed-initiative interaction in generative design

The design space exploration formalism has developed data structures and algorithms of sufficient complexity and scope to support conceptual layout, massing, and enclosure configurations. However, design remains a human enterprise. To support the user in designing with the formalism, we have developed an interaction model that addresses the interleaving of user actions with the formal operations of design space exploration. The central feature of our interaction model is the modeling of control based on mixed-initiative. Initiative is sometimes taken by the designer and sometimes by the formalism in working on a shared design task. The model comprises three layers, domain, task, and dialogue. In this paper we describe the formulation of the domain layer of our mixed-initiative interaction model for design space exploration. We present the view of the domain as understood in the formalism in terms of the three abstract concepts of state, move, and structure. In order to support mixed initiative, it is necessary to develop a shared view of the domain. The domain layer addresses this problem by mapping the designer's view onto the symbol substrate. First, we present the designer's view of the domain in terms of problems, solutions, choices, and history. Second, we show how this view is interleaved with the symbol-substrate through four domain layer constructs, problem state, solution state, choice, and exploration history. The domain layer presents a suitable foundation for integrating the role of the designer with a description formalism. It enables the designer to maintain exploration freedom in terms of formulating and reformulating problems, generating solutions, making choices, and navigating the history of exploration.

Applying a reconfigurable multi-agent scheduler to product distribution

More intelligent scheduling methods are required for manufacturing scheduling due to the move to more agile systems. Multi-agent methods are one such approach. This paper describes the application of a reconfigurable multi-agent scheduler to the problem of allocating orders to warehouses in a distribution supply chain. This multi-agent system was originally developed for allocation of orders to machines in a highly reconfigurable manufacturing system and this work was aimed at investigating the ease of applying this same scheduler to other problems. It was found that this new application was readily achieved because of the modular structure of the scheduler. This paper shows how the application to the new problem was achieved.

A flow control methodology for the rapid generation of vehicle traffic models

This paper presents a conveyor-based methodology to model complex vehicle flows common to factory and distribution warehouse facilities. The AGV and human path modelling techniques available in many commercial discrete event simulation packages require extensive knowledge and time to implement even the simplest flow control rules for multiple vehicle interaction. Although discrete event simulation is accepted as an effective tool to model vehicle delivery movements, human paths and delivery schedules for modern assembly lines, the time to generate accurate models is a significant limitation of existing simulation-based optimisation methodologies. The flow control method has been successfully implemented using two commercial simulation packages. It provides a realistic visual representation, as well as accurate statistical results, and reduces the model development process cost.

The development of a mobile decision support system

The emergence of mobile computing environments brings out various changes in the requirements and applications involving distributed data and has made the traditional Intelligent Decision Support System (IDSS) architectures based on the client/server model ineffective in mobile computing environments. This paper discusses the deficiencies of the current IDSS architectures based on data warehouse, on-line analysis processing (OLAP), model base (MB) and knowledge based (KB) technologies. By adopting the agent technology, the paper extends the IDSS system architecture to the Mobile Decision Support System (MDSS) architecture. The logical structure and the application architecture of the MDSS and the mechanisms and implementation strategies of the User Access Agent System, a major component of the MDSS, are described in this paper.

A parallel DNA fragment assembly algorithm based on eulerian superpath approach

Fragments assembly is among the core problems in the research of Genome. Although many assembly tools based on the "overlap-layout-consensus" paradigm are widely used such as in the Human Genome Project currently, they still can not resolve the "repeats problem" in the DNA sequencing. For the purpose of resolving such problem, Pevzner et al. put forward a new Euler Superpath assembly algorithm. But it needs a big and complex de Bruijin graph which consumes large amounts of memories i.e. becomes the bottleneck of the performance. We present a parallel DNA fragment assembly algorithm based on the Eularian Superpath theory and solve the bottleneck in the current assembly program. The experimental results demonstrate that our approach has a good scalability, and can be used in DNA assembly of middle and large size of eukaryote genome.