"Where am I?" Impact of display and content variables on spatial presence and comprehension in virtual environments

Forgetting immediate physical reality and having awareness of one�s location in the simulated world is critical to enjoyment and performance in virtual environments be it an interactive 3D game such as Quake or an online virtual 3d community space such as Second Life. Answer to the question "where am I?" at two levels, whether the locus is in the immediate real world as opposed to the virtual world and whether one is aware of the spatial co-ordinates of that locus, hold the key to any virtual 3D experience. While 3D environments, especially virtual environments and their impact on spatial comprehension has been studied in disciplines such as architecture, it is difficult to determine the relative contributions of specific attributes such as screen size or stereoscopy towards spatial comprehension since most of them treat the technology as monolith (box-centered). Using a variable-centered approach put forth by Nass and Mason (1990) which breaks down the technology into its component variables and their corresponding values as its theoretical basis, this paper looks at the contributions of five variables (Stereoscopy, screen size, field of view, level of realism and level of detail) common to most virtual environments on spatial comprehension and presence. The variable centered approach can be daunting as the increase in the number of variables can exponentially increase the number of conditions and resources required. We overcome this drawback posed by adoption of such a theoretical approach by the use of a fractional factorial design for the experiment. This study has completed the first wave of data collection and starting the next phase in January 2007 and expected to complete by February 2007. Theoretical and practical implications of the study are discussed.

Comunicação midiática nas (arqui)dioceses do Brasil: possibilidades para ser igreja virtual

Pós-graduação em Comunicação - FAAC

Serviço de Referência Virtual via chat: uma análise comparativa em bibliotecas universitárias norte-americanas e brasileiras

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Serviço de Referência Virtual: implantação do serviço de chat

Introduction: With the invention of the Internet and the Collaborative Web, libraries had to rethink the way to offer their services. Thus, the U.S. libraries began a search for technological innovations in an effort to bring the library to the user through features that patrons commonly use. The Virtual Reference Service (VRS) through chat and reference services via videoconferencing are features that derived from this search. Objective: This article aims to outline the implementation process of Virtual Reference Services (SRV) libraries in American universities, particularly those for chat, as well as presenting the successful Brazilian experience. This paper also discusses factors to be considered for implementing virtual reference service via chat for libraries wishing to offer the service. Methodology: The research methodology is based on a theoretical search on international and national literature on the subject. The methodology also includes participant observation. Results: In Brazil the implementation of SRV in some university libraries has occurred and according to these institutions, the SRV is a service that benefits the community and puts the library in line with the demands of information technology and communication. Conclusions: It is concluded that online SRV is appropriate to the reality of university libraries in Brazil, since the institutions that offer the service have positive results from their assessments and believe they are adding value to their library.

O aprimoramento de um software de estúdio virtual por meio de técnicas de matting digital e registro de objetos virtuais

A virtual studio system can use technologies as augmented reality and digital matting to decrease production costs at the same time it provides the same resources of a conventional studio. With this, it’s possible for the current studios, with low cost and using conventional devices, to create productions with greater image quality and effects. Some difficulties are recurrent in virtual studio applications that use augmented reality and digital matting. The virtual objects registration in augmented reality techniques suffer from problems caused by optical distortions in the camera, errors in the marker tracking system, lack of calibration on the equipments or on the environment (lighting, for example), or even by delays in the virtual objects display. On the other hand, the digital matting’s main problem is the real-time execution to preview the scene, which must have optimized processing speed at the same time while maintain the best image quality possible. Taking the given context into consideration, this work aims to give continuity to a virtual studio system called ARStudio, by enhancing digital matting, virtual objects registration and introducing a segmentation based on depth map, yet adding better control over functionalities previously implemented

Construção de um sistema de gestão de materiais - MRP - Integrado ao Jogo de Empresas Mercado Virtual

Pós-graduação em Engenharia de Produção - FEB

ARBOT: augmented reality system for teaching logic algorithmic

This article purposes the ARBot, a system that has as main objective the presentation of concepts of logic for students of elementary and secondary education. The system was developed using the technology known as Augmented Reality (AR), which allows complement the actual environment where the user is, by adding virtual objects. In this scenario the RA created from a virtual game interface is used, through which cognitive challenges are presented. To solve these challenges, users must set up three-dimensional virtual characters using visual language. As a result it follows that, in a playful way, concepts of algorithms and programming are assimilated by users. In addition, the system enables two users to interact in a cooperative game mode. In cooperative mode, the system focuses on collaborative learning, since it allows users to jointly solve the cognitive challenge presented by the system.

Direito à informação pela mídia virtual e a sua responsabilidade

Pós-graduação em Direito - FCHS

Augmented reality in sport scenarios using cameras mounted on a tripod

[ES] In this paper we address the problem of inserting virtual content in a video sequence. The method we propose uses just image information. We perform primitive tracking, camera calibration, real and virtual camera synchronisation and finally rendering to insert the virtual content in the real video sequence. To simplify the calibration step we assume that cameras are mounted on a tripod (which is a common situation in practise). The primitive tracking procedure, which uses lines and circles as primitives, is performed by means of a CART (Classification and Regression Tree). Finally, the virtual and real camera synchronisation and rendering is performed using functions of OpenGL (Open Graphic Library). We have applied the method proposed to sport event scenarios, specifically, soccer matches. In order to illustrate its performance, it has been applied to real HD (High Definition) video sequences. The quality of the proposed method is validated by inserting virtual elements in such HD video sequence.

Virtual sensing technology applied to a swarm of autonomous robots.

This thesis proposes a novel technology in the field of swarm robotics that allows a swarm of robots to sense a virtual environment through virtual sensors. Virtual sensing is a desirable and helpful technology in swarm robotics research activity, because it allows the researchers to efficiently and quickly perform experiments otherwise more expensive and time consuming, or even impossible. In particular, we envision two useful applications for virtual sensing technology. On the one hand, it is possible to prototype and foresee the effects of a new sensor on a robot swarm, before producing it. On the other hand, thanks to this technology it is possible to study the behaviour of robots operating in environments that are not easily reproducible inside a lab for safety reasons or just because physically infeasible. The use of virtual sensing technology for sensor prototyping aims to foresee the behaviour of the swarm enhanced with new or more powerful sensors, without producing the hardware. Sensor prototyping can be used to tune a new sensor or perform performance comparison tests between alternative types of sensors. This kind of prototyping experiments can be performed through the presented tool, that allows to rapidly develop and test software virtual sensors of different typologies and quality, emulating the behaviour of several hardware real sensors. By investigating on which sensors is better to invest, a researcher can minimize the sensors’ production cost while achieving a given swarm performance. Through augmented reality, it is possible to test the performance of the swarm in a desired virtual environment that cannot be set into the lab for physical, logistic or economical reasons. The virtual environment is sensed by the robots through properly designed virtual sensors. Virtual sensing technology allows a researcher to quickly carry out real robots experiment in challenging scenarios without all the required hardware and environment.

Is virtuality close enough to reality? A comparison of the effectiveness of simulations with traditional laboratory activities in a high school biology class

Some schools do not have ideal access to laboratory space and supplies. Computer simulations of laboratory activities can be a cost-effective way of presenting experiences to students, but are those simulations as effective at supplementing content concepts? This study compared the use of traditional lab activities illustrating the principles of cell respiration and photosynthesis in an introductory high school biology class with virtual simulations of the same activities. Additionally student results were analyzed to assess if student conceptual understanding was affected by the complexity of the simulation. Although all student groups posted average gain increases between the pre and post-tests coupled with positive effect sizes, students who completed the wet lab version of the activity consistently outperformed the students who completed the virtual simulation of the same activity. There was no significant difference between the use of more or less complex simulations. Students also tended to rate the wet lab experience higher on a motivation and interest inventory.

Magic cards: a new augmented reality approach

Augmented reality (AR) commonly uses markers for detection and tracking. Such multimedia applications associate each marker with a virtual 3D model stored in the memory of the camera-equipped device running the application. Application users are limited in their interactions, which require knowing how to design and program 3D objects. This generally prevents them from developing their own entertainment AR applications. The Magic Cards application solves this problem by offering an easy way to create and manage an unlimited number of virtual objects that are encoded on special markers.

Virtual restoration of the sound of the Hispanic Rite

The virtual acoustic reality techniques are powerful tools for the recovery of acoustical heritage of historic buildings. Through the acoustic modeling and auralization techniques it´s possible to reconstruct the sound of disappeared buildings or the ones with significant modifications over the years, knowing the original geometry and the acoustic characteristics of their surfaces. This paper shows the results of a research project whose goal is the virtual recovery of the sound of the Hispanic Rite, the rite celebrated by Christians of the Iberian Peninsula before the imposition of the Roman Rite in the mid-eleventh century. For this purpose, acoustic models of a series of Pre-Romanesque churches were made. These acoustic models represent the churches in their original state, following the reconstruction hypothesis proposed by leading researchers in medieval liturgical archeology. Multichannel anechoic recordings of several pieces of the music of the Hispanic Rite have been carried out using a spherical array composed of 31 microphones. Finally, static and dynamic auralizations have been developed, involving the different liturgical configurations which were usual in this rite.

Desarrollo del teclado virtual “Mokey” basado en gestos para personas con movilidad reducida: capa de sistema

La Realidad Aumentada forma parte de múltiples proyectos de investigación desde hace varios años. La unión de la información del mundo real y la información digital ofrece un sinfín de posibilidades. Las más conocidas van orientadas a los juegos pero, gracias a ello, también se pueden implementar Interfaces Naturales. En otras palabras, conseguir que el usuario maneje un dispositivo electrónico con sus propias acciones: movimiento corporal, expresiones faciales, etc. El presente proyecto muestra el desarrollo de la capa de sistema de una Interfaz Natural, Mokey, que permite la simulación de un teclado mediante movimientos corporales del usuario. Con esto, se consigue que cualquier aplicación de un ordenador que requiera el uso de un teclado, pueda ser usada con movimientos corporales, aunque en el momento de su creación no fuese diseñada para ello. La capa de usuario de Mokey es tratada en el proyecto realizado por Carlos Lázaro Basanta. El principal objetivo de Mokey es facilitar el acceso de una tecnología tan presente en la vida de las personas como es el ordenador a los sectores de la población que tienen alguna discapacidad motora o movilidad reducida. Ya que vivimos en una sociedad tan informatizada, es esencial que, si se quiere hablar de inclusión social, se permita el acceso de la actual tecnología a esta parte de la población y no crear nuevas herramientas exclusivas para ellos, que generarían una situación de discriminación, aunque esta no sea intencionada. Debido a esto, es esencial que el diseño de Mokey sea simple e intuitivo, y al mismo tiempo que esté dotado de la suficiente versatilidad, para que el mayor número de personas discapacitadas puedan encontrar una configuración óptima para ellos. En el presente documento, tras exponer las motivaciones de este proyecto, se va a hacer un análisis detallado del estado del arte, tanto de la tecnología directamente implicada, como de otros proyectos similares. Se va prestar especial atención a la cámara Microsoft Kinect, ya que es el hardware que permite a Mokey detectar la captación de movimiento. Tras esto, se va a proceder a una explicación detallada de la Interfaz Natural desarrollada. Se va a prestar especial atención a todos aquellos algoritmos que han sido implementados para la detección del movimiento, así como para la simulación del teclado. Finalmente, se va realizar un análisis exhaustivo del funcionamiento de Mokey con otras aplicaciones. Se va a someter a una batería de pruebas muy amplia que permita determinar su rendimiento en las situaciones más comunes. Del mismo modo, se someterá a otra batería de pruebas destinada a definir su compatibilidad con los diferentes tipos de programas existentes en el mercado. Para una mayor precisión a la hora de analizar los datos, se va a proceder a comparar Mokey con otra herramienta similar, FAAST, pudiendo observar de esta forma las ventajas que tiene una aplicación especialmente pensada para gente discapacitada sobre otra que no tenía este fin. ABSTRACT. During the last few years, Augmented Reality has been an important part of several research projects, as the combination of the real world and the digital information offers a whole new set of possibilities. Among them, one of the most well-known possibilities are related to games by implementing Natural Interfaces, which main objective is to enable the user to handle an electronic device with their own actions, such as corporal movements, facial expressions… The present project shows the development of Mokey, a Natural Interface that simulates a keyboard by user’s corporal movements. Hence, any application that requires the use of a keyboard can be handled with this Natural Interface, even if the application was not designed in that way at the beginning. The main objective of Mokey is to simplify the use of the computer for those people that are handicapped or have some kind of reduced mobility. As our society has been almost completely digitalized, this kind of interfaces are essential to avoid social exclusion and discrimination, even when it is not intentional. Thus, some of the most important requirements of Mokey are its simplicity to use, as well as its versatility. In that way, the number of people that can find an optimal configuration for their particular condition will grow exponentially. After stating the motivations of this project, the present document will provide a detailed state of the art of both the technologies applied and other similar projects, highlighting the Microsoft Kinect camera, as this hardware allows Mokey to detect movements. After that, the document will describe the Natural Interface that has been developed, paying special attention to the algorithms that have been implemented to detect movements and synchronize the keyboard. Finally, the document will provide an exhaustive analysis of Mokey’s functioning with other applications by checking its behavior with a wide set of tests, so as to determine its performance in the most common situations. Likewise, the interface will be checked against another set of tests that will define its compatibility with different softwares that already exist on the market. In order to have better accuracy while analyzing the data, Mokey’s interface will be compared with a similar tool, FAAST, so as to highlight the advantages of designing an application that is specially thought for disabled people.

Espacio web para el diseño de un museo virtual de la historia de la informática

El objetivo principal de crear un espacio web para el Museo Histórico de la Informática (MHI) perteneciente a la Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Informáticos (ETSIINF) de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) es la difusión de la historia de la informática entre el público en general. Si bien es cierto que existe ya una página web de consulta del MHI con algunas imágenes y contenido sobre los objetos que allí se exhiben, es también reseñable que se trata de un espacio obsoleto, lleno de carencias y extremadamente difícil de gestionar y actualizar, por lo que se hacía imprescindible actualizar el diseño del espacio web, los contenidos y el sistema de gestión de los mismos, cosa que es de gran interés para un lugar divulgativo. En la actualidad, existen maneras mucho más amigables para el usuario de navegar por una web; y de la misma manera para un administrador, gestionar el contenido de la misma y mantener a los usuarios bien informados de todo lo que se ofrece en cada momento. Esto es posible gracias a los sistemas de gestión de contenidos o content management system (CMS), de los que se hablará lo largo de todo el documento. Estos sistemas, dan una facilidad mucho mayor a los encargados de llevar al día una página web, sin tener que saber de programación, lenguajes o informática en general, ya que incorporan paneles de control muy intuitivos y fáciles de manejar, que son una ventaja tanto para ellos como para los usuarios. Es por esta razón que, hay páginas web como la de las empresas IKEA, Ubuntu o, en especial para el caso que compete al documento, el museo del Louvre usan gestores de contenidos para sus páginas web. Y es que las ventajas y facilidades que ofrece un CMS son realmente interesantes y se tratará de todas ellas en el documento, de la elección del CMS que mejor se ajusta a los requisitos del museo, las restricciones a la hora del despliegue en el ámbito de la ETSIINF y de cómo mejorará esto la calidad visual y divulgativa del MHI. Este trabajo se desarrolla a lo largo de 11 capítulos, en los que se muestra como construir un sitio web, las posibilidades y la elección final para este caso. En el primer capítulo se hace una pequeña introducción de lo que es el proyecto, se especifican los objetivos, la motivación del mismo y el alcance que tiene. En el segundo capítulo se muestra la información que se ha recopilado en el trabajo de investigación que se hace previo al desarrollo. En él se muestran los distintos tipos de páginas web, que tecnologías y lenguajes se pueden usar para su construcción, una comparativa sobre otras entidades similares al MHI, las limitaciones que presenta el entorno y la elección final que se consideró más adecuada para este caso. En el capítulo tres se empieza a desarrollar la solución a través del diseño. Aquí se puede encontrar el diseño de más bajo nivel que se le presenta al cliente para sentar las bases del trabajo, el diseño de alto nivel con un mayor grado de realidad que el anterior y una preparación de lo que serán los planes de prueba. El capítulo cuatro muestra todo lo que se ha usado en la implementación y la integración de la página web: herramientas, tecnologías, plantillas de diseño y módulos que proporcionan distintas funcionalidades. Llegados al capítulo cinco, se puede ver una detallada documentación de los resultados de las pruebas de usabilidad y accesibilidad realizadas, y las conclusiones que subyacen de estas. Una vez acabada la implementación del sitio web del MHI, en el capítulo seis se intenta hacer una labor de consultoría, mostrando precios y presupuestos de las distintas tareas que se han llevado a cabo para la realización de este proyecto. En el capítulo siete se extraen las conclusiones de todo lo acontecido en los capítulos anteriores y en el ocho unas líneas sobre posibles trabajos futuros que se podrían llevar a cabo en base a lo que ya se tiene en la institución, incluido este trabajo. Para facilitar la comprensión y satisfacer la curiosidad del lector, se ha incluido en el capítulo nueve la bibliografía con toda la documentación consultada y en el diez un glosario de términos para la aclaración de términos y acrónimos más técnicos. Para acabar, en el capítulo once se anexionan tanto el documento que se usó para las pruebas de usabilidad como un manual de administrador para el sitio web, que hace más amigable el entorno para las personas que lo tengan que mantener en un futuro.---ABSTRACT---The main goal of creating a website for the Informatics Historical Museum (“Museo Histórico de la Informática” or MHI) located in the Higher Technical School of Informatics Engineers (“Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Informáticos” or ETSIINF) of the Polytechnic University of Madrid (“Universidad Politécnica de Madrid” UPM), is to promote the aforementioned museum as to increase its reach to the public. While it is true that there already is a consulting website with some pictures and information about the items which are displayed in the building, it is outdated and the data is scarce. Moreover, it is extremely complicated to manage and to regularly update the web page, which is very important for informative/broadcasting media. Currently, there are easier ways for the users of a website to consult whatever information they want, as well as it is now easy for a website manager to display new content and to keep the users informed about what is been offered at every moment. This is possible because of content management systems (CMS), which will be discussed throughout the entire paper. These systems make it easier to use for the administrator of a website to keep it up to date without the necessity for them of having any knowledge or skills in programming, languages or computing, because the systems have an intuitive control panel that is easy to use, which is an advantage for both managers and users. Because of all these reasons, there are lots of companies that use this kind of systems, such as IKEA, Ubuntu or, especially, the Louvre Museum, to which we direct our attention all throughout this report. It is easy to notice that these systems have an important and very interesting number of perks and benefits. In the next chapters of the document we will explain the benefits of the program as well as the choice on the kind of CMS that best suits the requirements of the museum and, finally, the restrictions of the school for the deployment and of how all of this will improve the visual and informational qualities of the MHI. This work is developed over 11 chapters, shown how to build up a website, the possibilities and the final choice for this case. In the first chapter a brief introduction of the project, goals, motivation and scope thereof having specified are done. Before the development of the website, the second chapter shows de information of the researching work. It discusses the different types of websites, technologies and languages that can be used for build-up, a comparison of similar entities to MHI, the limitations of the environment and the final choice was considered more appropriate for this case. Chapter three begins to develop the design of the solution. Here there are the lowest level design that presents the customer to fix any problem, the high level design with a higher degree of reality than the last and the test plans. Chapter four shows everything that has been used in the implementation and integration of the website: tools, technologies, design templates and modules that provide different functionalities. Reaching the fifth chapter, you can see a detailed documentation of the results of the usability and accessibility tests made to some users and the conclusions of it. Once the implementation of MHI website is done, in chapter six there is a consultancy work, showing prices and budgets of the different tasks which were carried out for this project. In chapter seven there are the conclusions of what happened in the previous chapters and eight chapter shows possible future works that could be carried out based on what the institution already have, including this work. To make easier to the reader understand this paper and satisfy his curiosity, the chapter nine includes the bibliography consulted with all the documentation and chapter ten has a glossary of terms and an explanation of technical terms and acronyms. Finally, in chapter eleven there are attached both the document that was used for usability testing as a manual administrator for the website, making the environment friendlier for people who have to maintain it in the future.