A poesia ibero-americana de Jos�� de Anchieta

El poeta Jos�� de Anchieta, a trav��s de sus poes��as, contribuy�� para la formaci��n de la literatura en suelo brasile��o. Con eso, ��l proporcion�� un encuentro entre los dos mundos lo Nuevo y lo Viejo, Am��rica y Europa representados en la uni��n entre los pares antag��nicos que son constantes en la po��tica anchietana, como lo sagrado y lo profano, la muerte y la vida, lo simple y lo erudito. Su po��tica traduce, por lo tanto, las huellas de la antropofagia cultural, en que el indio y el blanco son uno s��lo; el pagano y el cristiano, juntos, caminan para el centro de sus ideolog��as concebidas por la catequesis y por el popular. En esa amalgama entre las culturas, ��l construye un nuevo c��digo cultural-ling����stico-literario, formando una nueva identidad para la tierra brasile��a, abriendo las puertas para el barroco. Sus poemas est��n en cuatro lenguas: portugu��s, tup��, lat��n y espa��ol. Y de ese conjunto, nuestra disertaci��n analiza el corpus en lengua espa��ola, que en el suelo americano deja de ser espa��ola y se vuelve ibero-americana. Como fuentes de estudio cr��tico-te��rico, nos basamos, como ejemplos, en las obras de Haroldo de Campos, Severo Sarduy, Eug��nio D Ors, Lezama Lima, Oswald de Andrade, Alfredo Bosi, Massaud Mois��s. As��, esta disertaci��n muestra, por el medio de la poes��a iberoamericana de Jos�� de Anchieta el rasgo del inicio de nuestra literatura as�� como del barroco americano y, adem��s, conjuga su poes��a dentro del espacio de los Cl��sicos una vez que se comunica con estos desde el proceso de su producci��n. En esa intercomunicaci��n, Jos�� de Anchieta promueve una apertura para la consciencia po��tica que hace parte de los grandes poetas de la Literatura Universal. ��l une el Brasil, con sus matas v��rgenes, con su primitivismo, al Mundo, con su censura desmedida ante la visi��n del Para��so

A v��ria m��scara de Joana : melancolia em perto do cora����o selvagem

Entitled Joana s several mask: the melancholy in Perto do cora����o selvagem, the work is divided in six parts: the first one consists of the elaboration of a theoretical sketch about the melancholy that it offers the presuppositions that orientate the work, it is a short introduction about the study of the melancholy, a report until our time, the against-depressive ones and the arrival of the melancholy in Brazil and their particularities; the second part raises the theme of the melancholy, deepening its conception until what is called creative melancholy spread by Walter Benjamin, it serves as anchor for Clarice s writing and as a potential force for the processes lived by the characters of this writer; the third part examines Clarice Lispector s method emphasizing important points of production related to the theme of the melancholy, her style is the psychological analysis; the last one parts (fourth, fifth and sixth parts) are divided in topics that illustrate the conflicts, in most of the time contradictory, of the protagonist Joana, as well as, her difficult interaction with the things and the people that surround her. The fragmentary writing, the being's essential searches, the proximity with the death, the multiplicity of voices of feminine, De profundis, surrealist images, the incessant search for the thing , trips, epiphany, the flaw in the language, the taste of the badly, everything starting from melancholy - transformation and creation tool. The work about melancholy (Freud, Benjamin, Kristeva), it s place of ambiguous and contradictory movements. It is a trip that leads to several corporal and psychological sensations of Joana, enigma-scenes to be deciphered and conflicting images that make you wake up for a critical vision of the modern society. Since the beginning, something pulses without stopping, an incessant memory and the search for something that is lost. We are before recyclings of the interior/exterior, pain/pleasure, visions, abyss, ecstasy in the future and an exit through the melancholic light

Mercadores de sentidos: a comunica����o de vendedores ambulantes com estrangeiros por meio da intercompreens��o multil��ngue

This paper aims, starting with the studies of languages in contact and communicative competence, to locate and describe the interlanguage, a linguistic phenomenon observed in the interaction between beach sellers and foreign tourists. We seek to discover whether those interacting use some kind of pidgin, or some code as a lingua franca. We also seek to identify the manner in which the features of communicative competence are presented by analyzing the various competences that composes it - linguistic, sociolinguistic, pragmatic and psycholinguistic. The analysis of speech acts, the maxims and conversational implicatures given in the corpus were important to verify whether those interacting were successful in their attempt at multilingual intercomprehension.

Processos de constru����o do sentido na esquizofrenia: uma perspectiva cognitiva da linguagem

There is still a lot to be said about the relationship between culture, cognition and language. Within an embodied cognition perspective to language, it may be understood that the senses generated and used in discourse are built and negotiated not only linguistically, since they also involve stereotypes, schemes, frames, etc. These cognitive structures, in turn, would emerge from subjects experiences and interactions with a sociohistorically constituted environment. With that in mind, what would happen if someone had an altered view in the perception of such environment? The objective of this master s thesis was to understand the process of meaning construction, aiming at the activation of frames, in the discourse of people who have been diagnosed as schizophrenic and have been hospitalized, that is, individuals who have their socio-environmental perception affected. With that aim in mind, a speech corpus was generated with three schizophrenic patients from Professor Severino Lopes Psychiatric Hospital. The data were collected and analyzed qualitatively, based on the theoretical and analytical premises of Cognitive Linguistics, more specifically, of Simulation Semantic perspective. Therefore, it was possible to identify aspects related to meaning construction processes in the discourse of schizophrenic patients, understanding that language is integrated with cognition and culture. Therefore, the alteration in the way experiences are perceived by schizophrenic patients affect the linguistic production of these subjects. Finally, if we take into consideration that the mental disturbance caused by schizophrenia results in a change in perception of reality by these individuals, we can infer an implication of such factors in language and, subsequently, the interference of such issues in the meaning construction processes in the discourse of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia

Representa����es de professores de l��ngua inglesa de Natal-RN: um estudo sist��mico-funcional

Teaching and learning representations have been more and more investigated in the Brazilian applied linguistics field, as it allows the understanding of the teachers representations and how they conceive the learning process. This practice facilitates the planning of actions to improve the educational system. This study aims at identifying, interpreting and discussing some representations related to the identity and professional view of English as a foreign language teachers in different school contexts of Natal-RN. The theoretical and methodological foundation for this research is Halliday s Systemic- Functional Linguistics (1994; HALLIDAY; MATHIESSEN, 2004; EGGINS, 1994, among others). Our goal was to reveal the teachers representations embedded in their language, mainly through the ideational metafunction, as language is the tool we use to express ourselves about the external world (events, qualities, things, etc) and the internal world (thoughts, beliefs, feelings, etc). The research corpus is made of 21 teacher narratives, generated from a questionnaire sent to the teachers, who were divided in two groups: Group 1 (public schools teachers) and Group 2 (private schools and English course teachers). Most of the participants seemed to be satisfied with their professional choice. Many of them see the job as a challenge and an opportunity to transmit knowledge. All of them affirmed that the English teacher is a professional, for different reasons; however, the low professional appreciation was a recurrent aspect among the studied narratives. When asked about where they work, the private school teachers seemed to be more satisfied with the teaching-learning process than the ones from the public schools. We believe that the data analyzed in this study is important to show how some English teachers from Natal-RN see their profession. The results might be used in continuing education courses as food-for-thought in group discussions, as it is extremely important to emphasize and stimulate this practice

Linguagem, cogni����o e mundo: o livro do desassossego e a constru����o discursiva da realidade

This study analyzes the processes of meaning construction in the Livro do Desassossego, by semi-heteronym Bernardo Soares - Fernando Pessoa. We use theoretical grounds from an interface between Cognitive Linguistics and Textual Linguistics to observe how certain linguistic mechanisms build a reality that tells us of a time, a being and his conceptions of language and writing. We focus on description and explanation of procedures of categorization and referentiation accomplished, for example, through metaphor and metonymy. For the construction of the intended theoretical interface, we use analytical categories proposed and developed by the Socio-cognitive Approach of Language, Conceptual Metaphor Theory and Mental Space Theory. Armed with this theoretical background, we observed the dynamics of language in relation to its social, cultural and historical features, as well as the cognitive aspects that underlie it. We seek, therefore, encourage discussions about the functioning of language considering primarily the creative processes that allow us to organize and shape our experiences. We also try to provide an approximation of Linguistics, Literature and Philosophy, with a view to relations between language structure, cognitive activity and socio-cultural organization. From the results obtained, we found that a literary text attests, with a particular property, the mutual relations between language, cognition and culture, as indicates cognitive approach to language studies

E Rimbaud se fez Rimbauds

Rimbaud, de 16 �� 20 ans, a promu le nouveau des id��es et formes de la po��sie, en abandonnant la tradition par la recherche de l'inconnu, du nouveau verbe po��tique o�� ��je est un autre�� et contient Rimbauds, multiple. Selon cette perspective, nous limitons la premi��re partie de ce travail, un profil de ce Rimbauds qui concerne: son ��Adieu�� �� la po��sie sous la forme de silence: ��Je est un autre�� - dans laquelle nous avons ��galement parl�� du style, l'innovation et caract��ristiques, la question - projet po��tique?, et, enfin, le mim��tisme litt��raire de ses premiers po��mes. Dans la seconde partie, on aborde sa po��sie, en particulier ses deux proses majeures ��Une saison en enfer�� et ��Illuminations��. De la Saison, ont fait des consid��rations sur ses proses, les proses narratives pr��c��dants et les sept proses centrales, dont d��taill��e de la ��Nuit de l'enfer�� et illustrent deux caract��ristiques de Rimbaud: ind��cidabilit�� et incompossibilit��. Des ��Illuminations�� on a saisi les po��mes Ville et Villes ��I et II�� pour les ��tudier sous l optique du non-lieu. On travaille encore un autre concept, de la fa��on dont il est pr��sent��, sept fois dans les Proses, la notion de l Orient :commme il appara��t dans chaque livre, ce qu il signifie et o�� Rimbaud a cherch�� ces repr��sentations

Constru����es metaf��ricas de vida e morte: cogni����o, cultura e linguagem

En esta investigaci��n, tratamos de poner de relieve los aspectos cognitivos y culturales que subyacen a las met��foras en el lenguaje. Partimos de la premisa de que nuestra comprensi��n a cerca del mundo se construye socio-cognitivamente, sendo la met��fora un elemento clave de esta construcci��n. Por lo tanto, tenemos la intenci��n de mirar debajo de la teor��a de la Teor��a Cognitiva de la Met��fora, visto desde el an��lisis del poema Morte e Vida Severina, de Jo��o Cabral de Melo Neto, la met��fora de la vida y muerte, infer��veis en el corpus forma patrones discursivos, llamado por nosotros como el Construccionismo del Bloques. Estas met��foras se encuentran en el nivel conceptual de nuestro lenguaje, emitido por modelos cognitivos idealizados, y mostrar las relaciones entre la lengua, la cultura y la cognici��n. Vemos una red de integraci��n que implica la met��fora primaria llamada, elaborado a partir de los esquemas y los dominios conceptuales y met��foras congruentes, con la participaci��n de la noci��n de marco.

Linguagem e argumenta����o na produ����o escrita de vestibulandos

In this study, we analyzed the argumentative processes of written texts produced by UERN (Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte) vestibulandos : (students who apply for University Entrance Examinations in Brazil). It has as its corpus twenty compositions by such students. These compositions, collected in UFRN COMPERVE (Permanent Commission of vestibular examinations) and written in 2005 examination, were selected in a random way. The theoretical support is based on Perelman & Olbrechts-Tyteca (1999; 2002), Reboul (2004), Bakhtin (1992), Faraco (2003), Plat��o e Fiorim (2003) e Geraldi (1997), and other scholars. The work aimed to investigate how vestibulandos make use of argumentative techniques in order to construct their arguments in the vestibular examination. In the analysis of the corpus we considered that the used argumentative techniques, the relationship with the thesis, the sense effects students wanted to produce and the type of the required speech. It showed that in the, discourse construction of argumentative texts, students made use, with more frequency, of the following argumentative techniques: pragmatic arguments, arguments of the definition, comparison arguments, division arguments, example arguments, argument of the model and authority arguments as means to support their theses. However it was not carried out in a conventional way, reason why it leads us to believe that schools, as part of human activity, responsible for education and for the insert of learners in the literate world, have a fundamental role concerning the offer of conditions, so that, the teaching of Portuguese Language leads students to a systematic and explicit preparation of the knowledge, regarding the social and functions of the language, as well as of the strategies of the construction of argumentative texts. This can lead learners to develop communicative competence and to feel more confident when working with text production

��FRICA(S), MO��AMBICANIDADE, MIA COUTO: uma varanda para o ��ndico

Always seen by others eyes, unknown of the languages and other "realities" that constitute, the Africa, specially Mozambique, now (re)invent itself, palimpsestly, in narratives of your griots, narrators and/or storytellers. Our thesis intend, by the review of novel Under the frangipani, to demonstrate that the mozambican writer Mia Couto intends to participate the (re)construction of a devasted nation by war and conflicts, based on belief that the role writer "is to create requisites of a more african thought, to the assessment of your place and your time won't be done from categories created by others" (COUTO, 2005). At first, we show how the mozambican literary system consists itself; then, the insertion of coutian narrative against the prevalence tradition and, also, by the analysis of the constituent elements of the chosen novel, the way how made piece of resistance to reification, objectification of the individuald in the contemporary world , your writing will be present in this sharing of the sensitive. Besides Mia Couto, in our work we'll counting on the lessons of Candido, Noa, Hernandez, Adorno, Paz, Fonseca, Secco, among others studious of african narrative and, specially, Mozambique narrative

Autoria e escrita: uma reflex��o acerca do autorar em mem��rias de leituras de alunos de 9�� ano do ensino fundamental

This paper presents results concerning studies conducted during the master's research in the area of Applied Linguistics of the Graduate Program in Language Studies - PPgEL, linked to the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte. We approached this study the question of authorship, which has gained ground increasingly important in academic research, because the act of authoring, in view of the amount of circulating discourses socially, becomes increasingly questionable. We understand authorship as related to a positioning of the subject than to take responsibility, in the Bakhtinian sense, by its text, it makes their views, ideologies, beliefs and values, from ownership and restructuring of the speech of others. This research is methodologically inserted in a qualitative, interpretive in nature and has a corpus analysis of the ten productions written memoir genre of readings produced by students in 9th grade in elementary school. Research aimed to analyze the students' written productions held in the school environment, to identify these texts marks or evidence of authorship and investigate how the restructuring of ownership and voices of others in the process of authoring. We adopt a concept of language from bakhitinianas concepts and understand the text in a vision Geraldiana. The analyzes in this study showed that in most texts there is the strong presence of voices of others, either implicitly and/or explicit. That is, students, to build their sayings, if embraced the voices of others in various formats, in particular styles, namely, by what Bakhtin names as linear style and pictorial style. Some proved his statement highlighting their positions through direct quotes from authors of books, family, teachers, showing us that their voices are filled with voices of others with whom they approve, deny, analyze, think and reflect. We therefore conclude that students were constituted as subjects of their texts, authors, since they leave marked the voices of others so presentified and restructured voices of others who do not actually sounded like voices of others, but as present voices from a discursive restructuring producer

"Eu pensei que ia sair daqui falando ingl��s": um estudo sist��mico-funcional sobre pap��is sociais atribu��dos por alunos de um curso de Letras/Ingl��s

Research in the area of teacher training in English as a Foreign Language (CELANI, 2003, 2004, 2010; PAIVA, 2000, 2003, 2005; VIEIRA-ABRAH��O, 2010) articulates the complexity of beginning teachers classroom contexts aligned with teaching language as a social and professional practice of the teacher in training. To better understand this relationship, the present study is based on a corpus of transcribed interviews and questionnaires applied to 28 undergraduate students majoring in Letters/English emphasis, at a public university located in the interior of the Western Amazon region, soliciting their opinions about the reforms made in the curriculum of this Major. Interviews and questionnaires were used as data collection instruments to trace a profile of the students organized in Group 1, with freshmen and sophomore undergraduates who are following the 2009 curriculum, and Group 2, with junior and senior undergraduates who are following the 2006 curriculum. The objectives are to identify, to characterize and to analyze the types of pronouns, roles and social actors represented in the opinions of these students in relation to their teacher training curriculum. The theoretical support focuses on the challenge of historical and contemporary routes from English teachers initial education programs (MAGALH��ES; LIBERALLI, 2009; PAVAN; SILVA, 2010; ALVAREZ, 2010; VIANA, 2011; PAVAN, 2012). Our theoretical perspective is based on the Systemic Functional Grammar of Halliday (1994), Halliday and Hasan (1989), Halliday and Matthiessen (2004), Eggins (1994; 2004) and Thompson (2004). We focus on the concept of the Interpersonal meaning, specifically regarding the roles articulated in the studies by Delu (1991), Thompson and Thetela (1995), and in the Portuguese language such as Ramos (1997), Silva (2006) and Cabral (2009). Moreover, we ascribe van Leeuwen s (1997; 2003) theory of Representation of Social Actors as a theoretical framework in order to identify the sociological aspect of social actors represented in the students discourse. Within this scenario, the analysis unfolds on three levels: grammatical (pronouns), semantic (roles), and discursive (social actors). For the analysis of interpersonal realizations present in the students opinions, we use the computational program WordSmith Tools (SCOTT, 2010) and its applications Wordlist and Concord to quantify the occurrences of the pronouns I, You and They, which characterize the roles and social actors of the corpus. The results show that the students assigned the following roles to themselves: (i) apprentice to express their initial process of English language learning; (ii) freshman to reveal their choice of Major in Letters/English emphasis; (iii) future teacher to relate their expectations towards a practicing professional. To assign the roles to professors in the major, the students used the metaphor of modality (I think) to indicate the relationship of teacher training, while they are in the role of a student and as a future teacher. From these evidences the representation of the students as social actors emerges in roles such as: (i) active roles; (ii) passive roles and (iii) personalized roles. The social actors represented in the opinions of the students reflect the inclusion of these roles assigned to the actions expressed about their experiences and expectations derived from their teacher training classroom

Uma leitura dos exerc��cios dos excursos n Os Lus��adas

The Lusiads is an epic poem, written by Lu��s de Cam��es, about the adventure of Vasco da Gama s trip and the history of Portugal. It's based on traditionals epics from the Greek and Roman poets, Homero and Virg��lio. Cam��es followes especially their structures. However, the poet insert modifications that divert his poem from parameters established by Arist��teles for the classic epic poems. These deviations are centered mainly on the narrative subject and in the point of view. We intend to show an analysis focused on digressions from The Lusiads, in which the author, himself or by tellers characters, narrates the story in order to make his complaints, reflections and exhortations. Besides, we present general aspects of Maneirismo predominant in these digressions how evidences of modernity of the poem; as one brief outlook about the poem's projection in time and around the world. These points are importants elements of consolidation of a universal permanence of The Lusiads. That's why they have had to read and to study by the centuries, according the vision of the epoch's spirit

Processos cognitivos que operam na configura����o de narrativas: uma pesquisa explorat��ria dos fen��menos que subjazem �� compreens��o de textos

This paper investigates the cognitive processes that operate in understanding narratives in this case, the novel Macuna��ma, by M��rio de Andrade. Our work belongs to the field of Embodied-based Cognitive Linguistics and, due to its interdisciplinary nature, it dialogues with theoretical and methodological frameworks of Psycholinguistics, Cognitive Psychology and Neurosciences. Therefore, we adopt an exploratory research design, recall and cloze tests, adapted, with postgraduation students, all native speakers of Brazilian Portuguese. The choice of Macuna��ma as the novel and initial motivation for this proposal is due to the fact it is a fantastic narrative, which consists of events, circumstances and characters that are clearly distant types from what is experienced in everyday life. Thus, the novel provides adequate data to investigate the configuration of meaning, within an understanding-based model. We, therefore, seek, to answer questions that are still, generally, scarcely explored in the field of Cognitive Linguistics, such as to what extent is the activation of mental models (schemas and frames) related to the process of understanding narratives? How are we able to build sense even when words or phrases are not part of our linguistic repertoire? Why do we get emotionally involved when reading a text, even though it is fiction? To answer them, we assume the theoretical stance that meaning is not in the text, it is constructed through language, conceived as a result of the integration between the biological (which results in creating abstract imagery schemes) and the sociocultural (resulting in creating frames) apparatus. In this sense, perception, cognitive processing, reception and transmission of the information described are directly related to how language comprehension occurs. We believe that the results found in our study may contribute to the cognitive studies of language and to the development of language learning and teaching methodologies

A natureza como s��mbolo do Narcisismo Noailliano

Dans ce travail de recherche nous nous proposons d ��tudier l oeuvre d Anna de Noailles, po��tesse et romanci��re fran��aise qui a publi�� ses premi��res po��sies �� la fin du XIX��me si��cle. Notre corpus est constitu�� de trois po��mes du recueil L Ombre des Jours, publi�� en 1902, �� savoir : Jeunesse, Le R��pit et Renaissance. Initialement, nous avons trait�� la mise en contexte sociale et culturelle de la fin du XIX��me et du d��but du XX��me si��cle. Ensuite, nous avons abord�� l espace interne de l oeuvre noaillienne qui se manifeste �� travers des paysages de la nature. Nous avons remarqu�� que dans celle-ci, il y a une identification avec le moi lyrique. Enfin, nous avons analys�� les trois po��mes de notre corpus. Nous soulignons que le manque de critiques et de recherche sur l oeuvre noailliene en France et l absence de recherche sur la po��tesse dans le milieu acad��mique br��silien nous ont motiv��e �� r��aliser cette ��tude. Ce travail a comme objectif mettre en ��vidence la richesse de la po��tique d Anna de Noailles. Dans notre ��tude sur l oeuvre l ombre des jours, nous nous sommes apper��ue que l auteur poss��de son propre style, elle ne cherchait pas �� imiter un mod��le litt��raire particulier �� ses contemporains. Dans son esth��tique, nous avons remarqu�� le refuge dans la nature, dans le pass�� et aussi une forte ��vocation sensorielle. L univers lyrique de l oeuvre noaillienne est represent�� �� travers des paysages bucoliques qui ��voquent des saisons. Malgr�� ce retour �� la nature, nous avons d��couvert des ��l��ments que caract��risent la po��sie moderne, comme la luminosit��, la qu��te de l expansion, la superposition des images, entre autres. L espace de l ombre des jours est grandiloquent, la po��tesse mentionne fr��quemment son d��sir d expansion et pour cette raison, nous trouvons dans les po��mes des lieux ouverts, o�� le contact direct avec la lumi��re, l air et l eau devient possible. Dans l Ombre des Jours, il est rare qu une r��f��rence �� un lieu clos soit trait��e; si la po��tesse le fait, c est pour exprimer la suspension de la passion