根分泌的化感物质及其对土壤生物产生的影响

植物根系分泌物包含多种功能次生物质,其中化感物质是具有重要生理生化功能的一类物质,这些化感物质释放到根际,能够对土壤生物产生影响。现已发现,根系是化感物质进入环境的重要通道。因此,研究根分泌的化感物质具有重要的理论和实践意义。总结了根分泌化感物质的种类及其化感效应,论述了化感物质在土壤中的迁移、转化及影响因素,分析了生物和非生物因素与根系分泌化感物质之间的关系。此外,根系分泌化感物质的研究手段对于所取得的研究结果至关重要,其中根分泌物收集系统(CRETS)是收集根分泌化感物质的常用而且可行的方法之一。对于根分泌化感物质的分离鉴定技术有多种,可根据需要选择适宜的分离方法。还重点列举了一些作物根分泌的化感物质对土壤生物产生的直接和间接影响,阐明了根分泌的化感物质在土壤中所起的重要化感作用。根分泌物化感作用的研究已成为土壤生态学领域的热点与前沿课题,自然条件下原位收集鉴定植物根系分泌物中的化感物质等诸多问题是该领域今后的研究重点。

核糖体rDNA序列分析在丛枝菌根真菌研究中的应用

丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)是一类古老、专性活体营养的共生菌物,尚未获得纯培养,在一定程度上限制了人们对AMF的深入研究。以DNA分析技术为基础的分子生物学技术增加了AMF检测的敏感性与特异性,rDNA序列的同源性和变化性可更真实地反映物种之间的亲缘关系及进化地位,因而被广泛应用于AMF分类、鉴定、遗传、生态及物种多样性等研究中。本文简要综述了rDNA序列分析技术在AMF系统发育、分子检测及群落结构特征研究中的应用现状。

巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillusmegaterium)突变株Bn,B5的生物学特性及在Vc二步发酵中的伴生作用

对选出的巨大芽孢杆菌突变株Bn ,B5进行了生物学特性及发酵条件的研究 ,发现它们具耐低 pH和抗高浓 2KGA特性。可促进氧化葡萄糖酸杆菌生长 ,使其延迟期缩短 ,产酸增加。适宜的通气量下 ,摇瓶糖酸转化率提高 10 %～ 14% ;当发酵 pH为 6 .2～ 6 .6时 ,转化率提高 2 0 %～ 30 %

清水灌溉对消除城郊稻田土壤PAHs污染的作用

为评价清水灌溉对消除城郊稻田土壤多环芳烃(PAHs)污染的作用,提供土壤PAHs污染的工程治理理论依据,以沈抚污水灌区为研究对象,采集连续清水灌溉0,3,10和30年的污染稻田0～20 cm和20～40 cm土层的土壤样本,测定PAHs各组分含量,分析清水灌溉对消除稻田土壤PAHs总量及某些单一组分的效果。当前沈抚污水灌区稻田土壤PAHs总量在表层为612.3～6362.8μg/kg.干土,在亚表层为319.5～4318.5μg/kg.干土。随着清水灌溉年限的增加,土壤PAHs总量和16种PAHs单一组分含量均不同程度逐渐降低。清水灌溉10年后,土壤PAHs总量接近或低于土壤PAHs环境标准;单一PAHs组分仅菲含量依然高出环境标准。清水灌溉措施可有效消除由污水灌溉所造成的土壤PAHs污染,特别是高环PAHs污染,但是其作用周期需要10年左右或更长的时间。

基于RS和GIS的纸坊沟流域土地利用动态监测及分析

以纸坊沟流域多年土地利用监测数据为基础 ,对其结果进行分析和讨论。结果表明 ,到 1 999年底 ,农业、林业、牧业用地面积比例分别为 1 6.9%、34.0 %、36.8%。人均基本农田由 1 975年 0 .0 5 4 7hm2 ,增到 1 999年的 0 .2 0 33hm2 ,坡耕地大幅度减少 ,粮食平均产量也由 1 975年的 5 61 kg/hm2 ,增到 1 999年的 2 31 9kg/hm2 ,流域林草有效覆盖率达到 5 7.4% ,植物种类和数量得到增加。走上了农林牧协调发展和生态环境良性循环的轨道

中国东部沿海地带人地关系状态分析

作为中国现代社会经济发展的主体发动机,东部沿海地区人地关系的演进状态和趋势不仅决定着地区自身而且决定着整个国家可持续发展的基本取向。有鉴于此,本文试图通过人地关系对应公式进行东部沿海地区人地关系演进状态的总体评价。评价的结果表明:第一,与中西部相比,东部沿海地区人地关系演进的实际紧张状态严峻的多,人地关系演进系数达到了2.13 (表观);第二,在地区人地关系的演进过程中,经济活动和人口集聚起着决定影响,其中尤以经济活动的作用最为关键,其贡献度达到75%;第三,未来人地关系状态的协调和改善主要取决于地区自身资源环境基础的扩展和改造能力。

Red-light-emitting iridium complexes with hole-transporting 9-arylcarbazole moieties for electrophosphorescence efficiency/color purity trade-off optimizationE

The synthesis, structures, photophysics, electrochemistry and electrophosphorescent properties of new red phosphorescent cyclometalated iridium(III) isoquinoline complexes, bearing 9-arylcarbazolyl chromophores, are reported. The functional properties of these red phosphors correlate well with the results of density functional theory calculations

Red-Light-Emitting Iridium Complexes with Hole-Transporting 9-Arylcarbazole Moieties for Electrophosphorescence Efficiency/ Color Purity Trade-off Optimization

The synthesis, structures, photophysics, electrochemistry and electrophosphorescent properties of new red phosphorescent cyclometalated iridium(III) isoquinoline complexes, bearing 9-arylcarbazolyl chromophores, are reported. The functional properties of these red phosphors correlate well with the results of density functional theory calculations. The highest occupied molecular orbital levels of these complexes are raised by the integration of a carbazole unit to the iridium isoquinoline core so that the hole-transporting ability is improved in the resulting complexes relative to those with I-phenylisoquinoline ligands. All of the complexes are highly thermally stable and emit an intense red light at room temperature with relatively short lifetimes that are beneficial for highly efficient organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs).

Highly efficient red electroluminescent polymers with dopant/host system and molecular dispersion feature: polyfluorene as the host and 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole derivatives as the red dopant

By selecting polyfluorene as the polymer host, choosing 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole derivative moieties as the red dopant units and covalently attaching 0.3 mol% of the dopant units to the side chain of the polymer host, we developed a novel series of red electroluminescent polymers of dopant/host system with molecular dispersion feature. Their EL spectra exhibited predominant red emission from the dopant units because of the energy transfer and charge trapping from the polymer backbone to the dopant units. The emission wavelength of the polymers could be tuned by modifying the chemical structures of the dopant units.

Synthesis and characterization of Prussian blue@platinum nanoparticle hybrids from a mixture solution of platinum nanocatalyst and ferric ferricyanide

In the present study, platinum nanoparticles modified with Prussian blue (PB) have been synthesized by a heterogeneous catalytic reaction. Transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) confirmed the deposition of nanoclusters around the Surfaces of platinum particles, and spectroscopic studies verified that the molecular composition of the nanoclusters was dominantly PB and a minority of platinum ferricyanide. Thus, it was shown that the platinum particles behaved not only as catalysts for the growth of PB, but also as a reactant to generate a PB analogue complex.

First principles investigation on the structural, mechanical and electronic properties of OsC2

The structural, mechanical and electronic properties Of OsC2 were investigated by use of the density functional theory. Seven structures were considered, i.e., orthorhombic Cmca (No. 12, OsSi2), Pmmn (No. 59, 002) and Pnnm (No. 58, OsN2); tetragonal P4(2)/mnm (No. 136, OsO2) and 14/mmm (No. 139, CaC2); cubic Fm-3m (No. 225, CaF2) and Pa-3 (No. 205, PtN2). The results indicate that Cmca in OsSi2 type structure is energetically the most stable phase among the considered structures. It is also stable mechanically. OsC2 in Pmmn phase has the largest bulk modulus 319 GPa and shear modulus 194 GPa. The elastic anisotropy is discussed. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Formation of low surface energy separators with undercut structures via a full-solution process and its application in inkjet printed matrix of polymer light-emitting diodes

In this paper, low surface energy separators With undercut structures were fabricated through a full solution process, These low Surface energy separators are more suitable for application in inkjet printed passive-matrix displays of polymer light-emitting diodes. A patterned PS film was formed on the P4VP/photoresist film by microtransfer printing firstly. Patterned Au-coated Ni film was formed on the uncovered P4VP/photoresist film by electroless deposition. This metal film was used as mask to pattern the photoresist layer and form undercut structures with the patterned photoresist layer. The surface energy of the metal film also decreased dramatically from 84.6 mj/m(2) to 21.1 mJ/m(2) by modification of fluorinated mercaptan self-assemble monolayer on Au surface. The low surface energy separators were used to confine the flow of inkjet printed PFO solution and improve the patterning resolution of inkjet printing successfully. Separated PFO stripes, complement with the pattern of the separators, formed through inkjet printing.

用过渡金属络合催化剂在水介质中引发烯烃单体的配位聚合

介绍了乙烯、丁二烯和苯乙烯等单体在水介质中用过渡金属络合催化剂合成有规立构聚合物 的研究进展,详细阐述了钴系催化剂在水介质中合成间同1, 2 - 聚丁二烯的研究成果。

Study on the instability of organic field-effect transistors based on fluorinated copper phthalocyanine

The effects of positive and negative gate-bias stress on organic field-effect transistors (OFET) based on tantalum (Ta)/tantalum pentoxide (Ta2O5)/fluorinated copper phthalocyanine (F16CuPc) structure are investigated as a function of stress time and stress temperature. It is shown that gate-bias stress induces a parallel threshold voltage shift (DeltaV(T)) of OFETs without changes of field-effect mobility mu(EF) and sub-threshold slope (DeltaS). The DeltaV(T) is observed to be logarithmically dependent on time at high gate-bias appropriate to OFET operation. More importantly, the shift is directional, namely, be large shift under positive stress and almost do not move under negative stress. The threshold voltage shift is temperature dependent with activation energy of 0.51 eV We concluded that threshold voltage shift of the OFET with F16CuPc as active layer is due to charge trapping in the insulator in which trapped carriers have redistribution.