Retos y tendencias sobre el futuro de la investigación acerca del aprendizaje con tecnologías digitales.

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Eines per a la comunicaci?? i la construcci?? col??laborativa del coneixement

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La ca??da de los muros del conocimiento en la sociedad digital y las pedagog??as emergentes

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An??lisis de las prestaciones de los juegos digitales para la docencia universitaria

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L'aprenentatge en xarxa: interpretacions i conseq????ncies pedag??giques

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Análise palinológica e mineralógica de solos portugueses e o seu potencial na prática forense

O presente trabalho apresenta o estudo palinológico e mineralógico da camada superficial do solo, de dois Distritos de Portugal (Coimbra e Setúbal), com vista à determinação do potencial forense da utilização de amostras de solo, no que respeita à identificação do tipo de comunidade vegetal e material mineralógico da qual a amostra teve origem, que poderá ser utilizado para ligar pessoas e objectos ao local do crime. Para cumprir estes objectivos, foram recolhidas e estudadas amostras da camada superficial de solo, em locais com o mesmo tipo de comunidade vegetal (floresta mista) e diferente tipo de comunidade vegetal (dunas, matagal). Para o estudo polínico foram recolhidas 5 amostras de solo por local, totalizando 30 amostras, para o estudo da mineralogia foram recolhidas 2 amostras de solo por local, totalizando 12 amostras. Nas análises palinológicas das amostras identificaram-se 56 taxa sendo 5 de esporos, 2 de grãos de pólen de gimnospérmicas e 49 de grãos de pólen de angiospérmicas. Sempre que possível recorreu-se à caracterização das formas ao nível da espécie, contudo na maior parte dos casos a sua identificação foi feita ao nível do género. No que respeita ao estudo geológico foi realizada a análise granulométrica através da crivagem e por difracção a laser, originando como resultados a percentagem de minerais pesados contidos em cada amostra e a percentagem de minerais de fracção menor (argilas e siltes) e de fracção maior (areias, areão e seixo). A análise mineralógica foi efectuada através do estudo dos minerais por difracção de raios x em argilas, em lâminas glicoladas e pela fracção densa, resultando em valores quantitativos de minerais de quartzo, filossilicatos e feldspatos, em valores quantitativos e semi-quantitativos de minerais de ilite, moscovite, esmectite, clorite, interstratificados e caulinite e, por último, através do estudo da fracção densa, identificaram-se ao microscópio petrográfico, para cada amostra, os minerais pesados transparentes, num total de 12 tipos (alteritos, andaluzite, anfíbola, biotite, distena, epídoto, estaurolite, granada, moscovite, silimanite, turmalina e zircão). Por fim, contabilizaram-se os minerais opacos presentes em cada amostra.Os resultados obtidos sugerem que estes dois Distritos são extremamente díspares em termos palinológicos e mineralógicos, o que vem apoiar a ideia que numa cena de crime, o estudo do solo tem uma importância crucial, salientando assim o seu valor probatório e o seu potencial forense, sendo uma extraordinária ferramenta da investigação criminal, aliando pessoas aos locais do crime e/ou pessoas com pessoas, possibilitando assim, uma maior fiabilidade na caracterização do tipo de ambiente de onde uma amostra é originária.

Estilo de vida de estudantes de graduação em enfermagem de uma instituição do sul do Brasil

Objetivou-se analisar o estilo de vida de estudantes de enfermagem por meio de um estudo exploratório, descritivo e com abordagem quantitativa. Verificou-se que os estudantes ingeriam apenas dois grupos de alimentos (“verduras e frutas” ou “verduras e grãos”); 54,2% não praticava atividade física; 57,8% deles dormiam menos de sete horas/ dia; havia grande proporção de estudantes-trabalhadores; 9,9% de fumantes e a frequência do uso de tabaco foi de 52,6% fumando de 2 a 5 cigarros/ dia, e 26,3% fumando de 1 a 3 maços de cigarros/ semana; 27,1% de estudantes etilistas e destes, 42,3% desses fazem o uso de álcool de 1 a 5 vezes/ semana, considerados bebedores moderados a graves. Conclui-se que, os estudantes não apresentam um estilo de vida saudável, colocando-os em risco de agravos a saúde.

Why an ESM programme could be a kiss of death: Recovery values and subordination. CEPS Commentary, 27 June 2012

Spain, needing a bailout for its banks, was granted a vague promise by EZ leaders for up to €100 billion. The details remain obscure, yet they matter enormously. This column argues that the so-called ‘subordination effect’ of fresh official lending could put Spain on the slippery road to ruin. It argues that if sovereign bonds must be bought, this should be done in the secondary market which, would be on an equal footing with private investors and thus avoid the subordination trap.

An incomplete step toward a banking union. CEPS Commentary, 5 July 2012

In this Commentary, Daniel Gros applauds the decision taken by Europe’s leaders at the eurozone summit at the end of June to transfer responsibility for banking supervision in the eurozone to the European Central Bank. It represents explicit recognition of the important fact that problems might originate at the national level, but, owing to monetary union, they can quickly threaten the stability of the entire eurozone banking system. In his view, the next small, incremental step, although one not yet officially acknowledged, will necessarily be the creation of a common bank rescue fund.

Central Banks in Times of Crisis: The FED vs. the ECB. CEPS Policy Brief No. 276, 11 July 2012,

Different economic and financial structures require different crisis responses. Different crises also require different tools and resources. The first ‘stage’ of the financial crisis (2007-09) was similar on both sides of the Atlantic, and the response was also quite similar. The second stage of the crisis is unique to the euro area. Increasing financial disintegration within the region has forced the ECB to become the central counterparty for the entire cross-border banking market and to intervene in the sovereign bond market of some stressed countries. The actions undertaken by the European Central Bank (ECB), however, have not always represented the best response, in terms of effectiveness, consistency and transparency. This is especially true for the Securities Markets Programme (SMP): by de facto imposing its absolute seniority during the Greek PSI (private sector involvement), the ECB has probably killed its future effectiveness.

A simple model of multiple equilibria and default. CEPS Working Document No. 366, 16 July 2012

This Working Document by Daniel Gros presents a simple model that incorporates two types of sovereign default cost: first, a lump-sum cost due to the fact that the country does not service its debt fully and is recognised as being in default status, by ratings agencies, for example. Second, a cost that increases with the size of the losses (or haircut) imposed on creditors whose resistance to a haircut increases with the proportional loss inflicted upon them. One immediate implication of the model is that under some circumstances the creditors have a (collective) interest to forgive some debt in order to induce the country not to default. The model exhibits a potential for multiple equilibria, given that a higher interest rate charged by investors increases the debt service burden and thus the temptation to default. Under very high debt levels credit rationing can set in as the feedback loop between higher interest rates and the higher incentive to default can become explosive. The introduction of uncertainty makes multiple equilibria less likely and reduces their range.

Can Italy and Spain survive rates of 6-7%? CEPS Policy Brief No. 279, 27 July 2012

The sentiment that the euro is now in real danger is based in large part on the widespread conviction that interest rates of 6-7% are simply unsustainable for both Italy and Spain., After taking a closer look at the fundamentals, however, Daniel Gros concludes in this new Policy Brief that both countries should be able to live with this level of interest rates for quite some time, but only if they mobilize domestic savings, which remain strong in both countries. For Spain, some debt/equity swaps are also needed.

Adjusting to a credit cycle bust: The role of fiscal policy. CEPS Commentary, 27 July 2012

In response to the often-heard accusation that “austerity is killing growth in Europe”, Daniel Gros asks in this new Commentary: “What austerity?” Looking at the entire budget cycle, he finds that the picture of austerity killing growth simply does not hold up. Since the bursting of the bubble in 2007, Gros reports that the economic performance of the US has been very similar to that of the euro area: GDP per capita is today about 2% below the 2007 level on both sides of the Atlantic; and the unemployment rate has increased by about the same amount as well: it increased by 3% both in the US and the euro area. Thus, he concludes that over a five-year period, the US has not done any better than the euro area although it has used a much larger dose of fiscal expansion.

European deposit insurance: financing the transition. CEPS Commentary, 6 September 2012

Arguing that the planned move to put the ECB in charge of banking supervision would be incomplete without a European Deposit Insurance and Resolution Authority (EDIRA), Daniel Gros and Dirk Schoenmaker spell out in a new CEPS Commentary some underlying principles to guide a gradual transition under which only future risks would be shared while past losses would remain at the national level. They show that ultimately such a new institution would serve as a genuine source of confidence in the European banking system.

This recovery is different. CEPS Commentary 6 September 2012

The misguided belief that “this time is different” led policy-makers to permit the credit boom of the early 2000s to continue for too long, thus preparing the ground for the biggest financial crisis in living memory. But when it comes to the recovery this around, CEPS Director Daniel Gros argues in this Commentary that the belief that this time should not be different might be equally dangerous.