995 resultados para XRD
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The dependence of microstructure and thermal stability on Fe content of bulk Nd60Al10Ni10Cu20-xFex (0 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 20) metallic glasses is investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron micrograph (HRTEM). All samples exhibit typical amorphous feature under the detect limit of XRD, however, HRTEM results show that the microstructure of Nd60Al10Ni10Cu20-xFex alloys changes from a homogeneous amorphous phase to a composite structure consisting of clusters dispersed in amorphous matrix by increasing Fe content. Dynamic mechanical properties of these alloys with controllable microstructure are studied, expressed via storage modulus, the loss modulus and the mechanical damping. The results reveal that the storage modulus of the alloy without Fe added shows a distinct decrease due to the main a relaxation. This decrease weakens and begins at a higher temperature with increasing Fe content. The mechanism of the effect of Fe addition on the microstructure and thermal stability in this system is discussed in terms of thermodynamics viewpoints. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Zr49Cu46Al5 and Zr48.5Cu46.5Al5 bulk metallic glasses(BMGs) with diameter of 5 mm were prepared through water-cooled copper mold casting. The phase structures of the two alloys were identified by X-ray diffractometry(XRD). The thermal stability was examined by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). Zr49Cu46Al5 alloy shows a glass transition temperature, T, of about 689 K, an crystallization temperature, T-x, of about 736 K. The Zr48.5Cu46.5Al5 alloy shows no obvious exothermic peak. The microstructure of the as-cast alloys was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy(TEM). The aggregations of CuZr and CuZr2 nanocrystals with grain size of about 20 nm are observed in Zr49Cu46Al5 nanocrystalline composite, while the Zr48.5Cu46.5Al5 alloy containing many CuZr martensite plates is crystallized seriously. Mechanical properties of bulk Zr49Cu46Al5 nanocrystalline composite and Zr48.5Cu46.5Al5 alloy measured by compression tests at room temperature show that the work hardening ability of Zr48.5Cu46.5Al5 alloy is larger than that of Zr48.5Cu46.5Al5 alloy.
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Experiments of autogenous laser full penetration welding between dissimilar cast Ni-based superalloy K418 and alloy steel 42CrMo flat plates with 3.5 mm thickness were conducted using a 3 kW continuous wave (CW) Nd:YAG laser. The influences of laser welding velocity, flow rate of side-blow shielding gas, defocusing distance were investigated. Microstructure of the welded seam was characterized by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). Mechanical properties of the welded seam were evaluated by microhardness and tensile strength testing. Results show that high quality full penetration laser-welded joint can be obtained by optimizing the welding velocity, flow rate of shielding gas and defocusing distance. The laser-welded seam have non-equilibrium solidified microstructures consisting of gamma-FeCr0.29Ni0.16C0.06 austenite solid solution dendrites as the dominant and very small amount of super-fine dispersed Ni3Al gamma' phase and Laves particles as well as MC needle-like carbides distributed in the interdendritic regions. Although the microhardness of the laser-welded seam was lower than that of the base metal, the strength of the joint was equal to that of the base metal and the fracture mechanism showed fine ductility. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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进行了K418高温合金和42CrMo钢的激光焊接实验,分别采用OM、SEM、XRD和EDS等手段分析了焊缝的金相组织和物相组成,评价了焊缝的显微硬度和拉伸强度。结果表明:焊缝主要由树枝状非平衡凝固的FeCrNiC(力固溶体组成,此外,还有少量细小、弥散的Ni_3Al(γ′)相、Laves颗粒和少量MC碳化物分布在树枝晶间区域。由于主要强化相γ′在激光辐照后的部分溶解和随后快速凝固的抑制作用,焊缝的硬度虽分布较均匀但低于母材。由于没有获得穿透的焊接接头,焊接接头的强度约只有母材的88.5%,焊缝的断裂机制是塑性和脆性断裂的混合机制。由于在焊缝中存在一些Laves颗粒,这促进了微裂纹和微孔的形成和扩展,降低了焊接接头的抗拉强度。
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用XRD、SEM、EDAX和显微硬度仪研究了 4 5钢基体激光熔覆MoSi2 粉末涂层的组织结构和硬度。结果表明 ,由于基体的稀释作用 ,涂层的相组成为FeMoSi、Fe2 Si和少量的Mo5Si3 。涂层组织呈现典型的细小枝晶组织特征 ,枝晶为FeMoSi领先相 ,枝晶间为FeMoSi和Fe2 Si两相共晶 ,组织中无孔隙和裂纹等缺陷。Mo、Si、Fe线扫描成分分析表明 ,这些元素都分布在涂层 基体界面处 ,且缓慢过渡 ,基体与涂层发生互扩散 ,为冶金结合。涂层硬度可达 84 5HV0 5 ,基体硬度为 180HV0 5 ,涂层硬度比基体高 3 7倍。从涂层到基体硬度逐渐降低 ,过渡区比较缓和。
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对经不同扩散工艺处理的热浸镀铝层高温抗氧化性进行了研究,通过SEM、TEM、XRD分析了经扩散处理后,热浸镀铝层高温氧化过程中组织结构的变化情况,分析了热浸镀铝层高温抗氧化性能和微观结构的关系,确定了提高热浸镀铝层高温抗氧化性的适宜扩散温度。结果表明,经750℃扩散处理,热浸镀铝层结构由较厚的外表层(Fe2Al5+FeAl2)及内层(FeAl+条状:FeAl2)组成,条状FeAl2的形成为氧提供了扩散通道,其抗氧化性较差;经950℃扩散处理,镀层外表层变薄,外表层转为单一FeAl2、内层为FeAl,并出现早期内氧化裂纹,其抗氧化性较差:当扩散处理温度为850℃时,镀层外表层变薄,结构转为FeAl2+少量Fe2Al5,而内层增厚,其结构为FeAl+球状FeAl2,而内层FeAl2球化,增强了氧由内层向基体扩散的阻碍作用,使氧只能逐层形成Al2O3+Fe2O3的氧化膜,提高了镀层的高温抗氧化性。
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通过调整电解液中硅酸钠的浓度,利用等离子体电解氧化(PEO)技术在铝合金LY12表面制备了各种陶瓷涂层,利用光学显微镜、XRD、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)对涂层的形貌、成分和涂层在NaCl溶液中耐腐蚀性能进行了研究.结果表明:提高电解液中硅酸钠的浓度可以使得涂层的总厚度增加,但过高或过低的浓度都会导致致密层厚度的减薄.当浓度为20g/L时,所制备的涂层的成分以氧化铝为主;当浓度为40g/L时,涂层的成分主要是莫来石和氧化铝;当浓度超过60g/L时,涂层的成分主要为非晶相.EIS的研究表明,涂层耐腐蚀性取决于涂层中的致密层,增加致密层的厚度可以提高PEO涂层的耐腐蚀性,在中性、酸性、碱性腐蚀介质中,PEO涂层都显示出对基体良好的保护作用.
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采用共沉淀法先合成出氢氧化物前驱体Ni0.85-xCo0.15Mnx(OH)2,其中X=0、0.1、0.2和0.4,前驱体与Li2CO3在空气气氛中固相烧结制得正极材料LiNi0.85-xCo0.15MnxO2。用XRD、SEM研究了锰含量对材料结构和形貌的影响。研究发现,LiNi0.85Co0.15O2的X射线衍射图中存在微量第二相,而锰掺杂有利于减小反应过程中锂离子损失和镍离子占据锂位,容易形成有序层状结构材料。随着Mn离子替代Ni离子量的增加,晶胞参数a减小,晶胞参数c、c/a及I003/I104值增大。SEM结果表明前驱体和最终产物形貌均随锰含量增加颗粒均匀性增强,粒子尺寸变小,粒径分布变窄。
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在由溶胶-凝胶法制备的纳米ZnO薄膜衬底上,以Zn(NO_3)_2·6H_2O和六亚甲基四胺(HMT)等摩尔浓度配制成前驱体溶液,在单层聚苯乙烯(PS)微球模板辅助下,采用水热法制备了具有规则多孔结构的ZnO薄膜.探讨了PS微球作为模板对ZnO纳米棒生长的限制作用以及柠檬酸钠在水热制备方法中对晶体生长的影响.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)表征了水热反应后所得二维有序ZnO膜表面形貌和取向性,测量了ZnO薄膜的光致发光(PL)光谱并研究其相应机理.
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采用等离子体电解氧化技术在铝硅合金表面制备了陶瓷层,电解液为磷酸盐系列。利用轮廓仪、SEM和XRD对陶瓷层的粗糙度、形貌和相组成进行了研究。结果表明,PEO处理过程可分为4个典型阶段。随处理时间延长,陶瓷层的厚度近似线性增长,表面缺陷增大增多,粗糙度显著增加,达到9.5μm。PEO处理初期只生成γ-Al_2O_3,一定时间后α-Al_2O_3出现,其相对含量逐渐增多.
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在电弧炉中利用吸铸法制备了直径1-4 mm的原位生成TiC和β-Ti枝晶联合增强的块状Cu47Ti34Zr11Ni8非晶合金复合材料.DSC热分析结果表明,原位生成TiC颗粒的引入,没有影响基体合金的非晶形成能力.用OM,XRD,SEM,EDS等方法研究了复合材料的相组成、微观组织以及成分分布,结果表明,TiC颗粒作为异质形核中心促进了β-Ti枝晶的形成,形成了TiC颗粒和β-Ti枝晶联合增强的块状Cu47Ti34Zr11Ni8非晶合金复合材料,而且β-Ti枝晶的尺寸和数量与TiC颗粒的多少以及试样的尺寸有关.室温压缩试验表明,同单相非晶合金相比,块状Cu47Ti34Zr11Ni8非晶合金复合材料提高了抗压强度及塑性.
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采用离子能量为100keV,剂量为3×1016cm-2的离子注入技术,室温下往n型Ge(111)单晶衬底注入Mn+离子,注入后的样品进行400℃热处理。利用X-射线衍射法(XRD)和原子力显微镜(AFM)对注入后的样品进行了结构和形貌分析,俄歇电子能谱法(AES)进行了组分分析,交变梯度样品磁强计(AGM)进行了室温磁性测量。结果表明原位注入样品的结构是非晶的,热处理后发生晶化现象。没有在样品中观察到新相形成。Mn离子较深的注入进Ge衬底,在120nm处Mn原子百分比浓度达到最高为8%。热处理后的样品表现出了室温铁磁特性。
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对室温条件下用低能离子束沉积得到的 Ga As∶ Gd样品 ,借助 X射线衍射 (XRD)和高分辨 X射线衍射 (HR-XRD)进行了结构分析 ,结果表明没有出现新的衍射峰 ,并且摇摆曲线的形状与 Gd的注入计量密切相关 .运用 X光电子能谱仪对比分析了 Gd注入后 ,衬底中主要元素 Ga2 p和 As3d的化学位移 ,以及不同计量的样品中注入的Gd4 d芯能级束缚能的变化 ,并分析了铁磁性产生的可能原因 .
Resumo:
本文用高能激光束熔覆MoSi_2粉末在45钢基体上制备了耐高温结构用涂层,用XRD、SEM、EDAX和显微硬度仪分别对熔覆层的组织结构和硬度进行了研究。试验结果表明,由于基体的稀释作用,涂层的相组成为FeMoSi、Fe_2Si和少量的Mo_5Si_3。涂层组织呈现典型的细小枝晶组织特征,枝晶为FeMoSi领先相,枝晶间为FeMoSi和Fe_2Si两相共晶,组织中无孔隙和裂纹等缺陷存在。Mo,Si,Fe线扫描成分布在涂层-基体界面处均缓慢过渡,基体与涂层发生互扩散,为冶金结合。涂层硬度可达HV_(0.5)845,基体硬度为180,涂层硬度比基体提高3.7倍。
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室温条件下 ,用离子束外延设备制备 ( Ga,Gd,As)样品 ,X射线衍射 ( XRD)结果表明除了 Ga As衬底峰 ,没有发现其他新相的衍射峰。俄歇电子能谱 ( AES)分析了样品中元素随深度的变化 ,不同样品中元素的分布有着不同的特点。并运用原子力显微镜 ( AFM)研究了样品表面的形貌特点 ,表明样品表面的粗糙度与 Gd注入过程中在样品表面沉积的多少有关。运用交变梯度磁强计 ( AGM)对薄膜进行磁性分析 ,结果表明有的样品在室温条件下出现铁磁性 ,但金属钆本身具有室温铁磁性 ,因而需要进一步分析。