Encierro y punición en las mujeres. El caso del Hospital de Mujeres Dementes de Buenos Aires (1854-1880)

Históricamente, los juristas han tenido en cuenta la condición de fragilitas de las mujeres como una condición indispensable para adquirir derechos y contraer obligaciones. En función de ello, el derecho precodificado ha definido la condición civil de las mujeres en función de la capiti deminutio, es decir la privación de la plena capacidad civil. El derecho codificado, luego de la sanción de los Código Civil y Penal, de 1869 y 1886 respectivamente, mantuvo el uso jurídico de la capiti deminutio a través del concepto de "incapacidad relativa" de las mujeres. Se realizó así una clara distinción entre la posesión del derecho y su ejercicio: las mujeres fueron incapaces de ejercerlo. De allí la sujeción a la autoridad del marido, del padre, del hermano, de los hijos. Se las descalificó como sujetos autónomos y titulares de derechos, y fueron objeto de protección y corrección. Equiparadas a los niños, a los sordos, a los tullidos, las mujeres fueron consideradas por las distintas normativas con diferentes grados de minusvalía dentro del grupo familiar. En la sociedad decimonónica de Buenos Aires existían ámbitos reconocibles de "corrección" y punición que no incumbían al aparato estatal que reconocemos como moderno. La jurisdicción de la Iglesia, las sanciones privativas de los patrones y los amos; la capacidad para castigar de ciertas instituciones; y las decisiones sobre los bienes que recayó por siglos en los jefes de familia, representaban los mecanismo predilectos que articulaban las relaciones sociales. En este particular contexto, la Sociedad de Beneficencia fue una institución civil con carácter "público", que entre otras cuestiones, se ofrecía como medio adecuado para resolver las problemáticas del "bello sexo". A lo largo del siglo XIX, se trató de modificar un viejo orden sociopolítico, económico y cultural, para que se colocasen los fundamentos de un nuevo conjunto de relaciones sociales. El paulatino proceso de consolidación de un Estado moderno llevó detrás de sí modificaciones en instituciones tales como la familia tradicional de raigambre colonial y la Sociedad de Beneficencia. Sin embargo las normas que se refieran a las mujeres, sancionadas en el Código Civil y Penal, no introdujeron inmediatamente un quiebre en el orden institucional. Siendo así nos proponemos estudiar el carácter que tuvieron las instituciones encargadas de brindar protección y/o corrección a mujeres, en este caso el Hospital de Mujeres Dementes de la ciudad de Buenos Aires, lo cual posibilitaría una mejor comprensión de las características que definieron a las instituciones estatales modernas en torno a la problemática de las mujeres

Contraprestaciones por los servicios financieros del Consulado de México y sus miembros: los fondos extraordinarios para la guerra contra Gran Bretaña, 1779-1783

Nueva España aportó la mayor parte de los recursos que sostuvieron a las fuerzas armadas españolas durante la guerra contra Gran Bretaña que se desarrolló en el Caribe entre 1779 y 1783. En el artículo se analizan las medidas a las que recurrieron las autoridades reales para obtener recursos extraordinarios del Consulado y varios mercaderes de la ciudad de México. Asimismo se exponen algunas de las contraprestaciones que negociaron a cambio de dichos servicios financieros y se plantean diversas hipótesis acerca de los motivos económicos, sociales y políticos que los llevaron a colaborar con el monarca, teniendo en cuenta los negocios que realizaban durante el conflicto bélico y la forma en que eran afectados por la reciente apertura comercial.

Commentary on Jeffreys v. Boosey (1854)

The second decision of the House of Lords to consider the nature of copyright law. As was the case in Donaldson v. Becket (1774) (uk_1774) the law lords were in disagreement with the majority of common law judges invited to speak to the issue for the consideration of the House. In the course of their opinions, two of the law lords (Lord Brougham and Lord St Leonards) explicitly reject the concept of copyright at common law. Rather than a natural authorial property right, they present copyright as a purely statutory phenomenon specifically grounded in public interest concerns. Ultimately, the Lords decided that a foreign national, resident abroad, but first publishing in Britain, enjoys no protection in his work under British copyright law.

Ines Maria Breinbauer / Gabriele Weiß (Hrsg.): Orte des Empirischen in der Bildungstheorie, Einsätze theoretischer Erziehungswissenschaft II. Würzburg: Königshausen & Neumann, 2011 [Rezension]

Rezension von: Ines Maria Breinbauer / Gabriele Weiß (Hrsg.): Einsätze theoretischer Erziehungswissenschaft II. Würzburg: Königshausen & Neumann, 2011 (183 S., ISBN 978-3-8260-4800-5; 19,80 EUR)

"Je ne vous dirai point, mon très cher fils" Correspondance de Catherine de Charrière de Sévery 1780-1783

This dissertation examines the principles of education imbued in a three year correspondence between an eighteenth century woman and her teenage son from the French speaking region of Vaud, current day Switzerland. Despite her great respect for the literature and ideas of the new pedagogues of the Enlightenment, especially J.J. Rousseau and Mme de Genlis, Catherine de Charrière de Sévery maintained the traditional perspective of education of the Ancien Régime. To explore the concepts of education and instruction through the epistolary practice, this research is based on the corpus of 107 letters that Mme de Sévery wrote to her son Vilhelm between 1780 and 1783. Additional documents - among them Mme de Sévery’s diaries - from the particularly rich archival holdings of this aristocratic family have been used to complement her correspondence. Most previous studies on family correspondence have dealt with mothers to daughters, or fathers to sons, whereas this research is centered on letters between a mother and her son. The location of this family – Lausanne and the Pays de Vaud – provides a particular regional perspective due to two factors: immersion into a region uniformly Protestant, and the dual-influence of Germanic and French cultures. The study analyzes the educational principles that appear throughout Mme de Sévery’s letters by comparison with three literary works of the 18th century: a familiar correspondence, the Lettres du Lord Chesterfield à son fils (1776); the fundamental education treatise by J.J. Rousseau, Émile, ou de l’Éducation (1762); and a pedagogical treatise written by Mme de Genlis as an epistolary novel, Adèle et Théodore, ou lettres sur l’éducation. Using letters as the main tool to guide her son’s upbringing, Mme de Sévery highlights the moral and family values that are most important to her and leads him to find his place in society.

Ordenanzas espedidas por la Lejislatura Provincial de Túquerres en sesiones estraordinarias del mes de enero de 1854 y ordinarias del mismo año

25 p.

Graphic satire and the rise and fall of the First British Empire: political prints from the Seven Years' War to the Treaty of Paris, c. 1756-1783

This thesis examines the early stages of the transformation of emblematic political prints into political caricature from the beginning of the Seven Years' War (1756) to the Treaty of Paris, which ended the American Revolutionary War (1783). Both contextual and iconographical issues are investigated in relation to the debates occasioned by Britain's imperial project, which marked a period of dramatic expansion during the Seven Years' War, and ended with the loss of the American colonies, consequently framing this thesis as a study of political prints during the rise and fall of the so-called 'First British Empire'. Previous studies of eighteenth-century political prints have largely ignored the complex and lengthy evolutionary process by which the emblematic mode amalgamated with caricatural representation, and have consequently concluded that political prints excluded emblems entirely by the end of the 1770s. However, this study emphasizes the significance of the Wilkite movement for the promotion and preservation of emblems, and investigates how pictorial political argument was perceived and received in eighteenth-century British society, arguing that wider tastes and opinions regarding the utilization of political prints gradually shifted to accept both modes of representation. Moreover, the marketplace, legal status, topicality, and manufacturing methods of political prints are analyzed in terms of understanding the precarious nature of their consumption and those that endeavoured to engage in political printmaking. The evolution, establishment, and subsequent appropriation of pictorial tropes is discussed from the early modern period to the beginning of the so-called Golden Age of caricature, while tracing the adaptation of representational models in American colonial prints that employed emblems already entrenched in British pictorial political debate. Political prints from the two largest print collections, the British Museum and the Lewis Walpole Library at Yale are consulted, along with a number of eighteenth-century newspapers and periodicals, to develop the earlier research by M. Dorothy George, Charles Press, Herbert Atherton, Diana Donald, Amelia Rauser, and Eirwen Nicholson.

Gabriele Strobel-Eisele: Schule und soziale Evolution. System- und evolutionstheoretische Untersuchungen zur Entstehung und Entwicklung der Schule. Weinheim: Deutscher Studien Verlag 1992 [...] [Sammelrezension]

Sammelrezension von: 1. Gabriele Strobel-Eisele: Schule und soziale Evolution. System- und evolutionstheoretische Untersuchungen zur Entstehung und Entwicklung der Schule. Weinheim: Deutscher Studien Verlag 1992, 261 S. 2. Christel Adick: Die Universalisierung der modernen Schule. Eine theoretische Problemskizze zur Erklärung der weltweiten Verbreitung der modernen Schule in den letzten 200 Jahren mit Fallstudien aus Westafrika. (Internationale Gegenwart. Bd. 9.) Paderborn: Schöningh 1992, 312 S.

Map of Elizabeth Town, N.J. at the time of the Revolutionary War, 1775-1783. Showing that part of the free borough and town of Elizabeth, which is now the site of the city of Elizabeth.

Scale ca. 1:7,300.

Visita del excelentísimo e ilustrísimo obispo Doctor Francisco De Paula Verea González a la ciudad y curato de Matamoros, Tamaulipas y Brownsville, Texas en 1854

Francisco de Paula y Verea González fue el octavo obispo de Linares. Duró 26 años en el cargo, de diciembre de 1853 a septiembre de 1879 cuando se fue a Puebla. Entre las edificaciones que hizo en Nuevo León, inició la construcción del templo de Nuestra Señora del Roble (Juárez y Juan Ignacio Ramón).

A IMPLANTAÇÃO FERROVIÁRIA NO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO: 1854-1898

Esse artigo é parte da pesquisa que pretende analisar a importância da ferrovia para a circulação na região Norte Fluminense do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. A pesquisa, ainda não concluída, está baseada nos preceitos da Geografia Histórica (ver SILVA, 2008). Com isso é necessário analisar o processo maior de implantação ferroviária no Estado do Rio de Janeiro desde o início da implantação ferroviária, em 1854, da primeira ferrovia brasileira, a Imperial Companhia de Navegação a Vapor e Estrada de Ferro de Petrópolis. A partir daí surge a Ferrovia Dom Pedro II, uma das mais importantes do país e depois a Estrada de Ferro Cantagalo. São então implantadas diversas ferrovias, sempre atendendo à interesses regionais capitaneados por lideranças locais. Assim é que a ferrovia chega em Campos dos Goytacazes em 1875. Outra importante ferrovia do estado foi a Estrada de Ferro Leopoldina, que foi incorporando várias pequenas linhas férreas, até a transformação desta ferrovia em outra empresa a “The Leopoldina Railway Company”, que começa a funcionar em 1898, substituindo o caos reinante na companhia anterior. O conhecimento do período inicial de configuração de uma rede ferroviária no Norte Fluminense passa a ser de fundamental importância devido à importância da Companhia Leopoldina para a região Norte Fluminense em períodos posteriores.

Theory and its role in mathematics education

The increased recognition of the theory in mathematics education is evident in numerous handbooks, journal articles, and other publications. For example, Silver and Herbst (2007) examined ―Theory in Mathematics Education Scholarship‖ in the Second Handbook of Research on Mathematics Teaching and Learning (Lester, 2007) while Cobb (2007) addressed ―Putting Philosophy to Work: Coping with Multiple Theoretical Perspectives‖ in the same handbook. And a central component of both the first and second editions of the Handbook of International Research in Mathematics Education (English, 2002; 2008) was ―advances in theory development.‖ Needless to say, the comprehensive second edition of the Handbook of Educational Psychology (Alexander & Winne, 2006) abounds with analyses of theoretical developments across a variety of disciplines and contexts. Numerous definitions of ―theory‖ appear in the literature (e.g., see Silver & Herbst, in Lester, 2007). It is not our intention to provide a ―one-size-fits-all‖ definition of theory per se as applied to our discipline; rather we consider multiple perspectives on theory and its many roles in improving the teaching and learning of mathematics in varied contexts.