Increasing Industrial Customer Value through the Internet in Transportation Services

Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli selvittää, kuinka sähköisiä palveluita tarjoamalla voidaan tuottaa asiakkaalle lisäarvoa yritysten välisessä kaupankäynnissä. Tarkastelunäkökulmana oli kuljetuspalveluita tarjoava yritys. Teoreettinen tutkimus pohjautui palveluiden markkinointiin, erityisesti palvelun laatuun, asiakkaan kokeman arvon lisäämiseen, asiakkaan odotuksiin, sekä Internetin välityksellä käytävään sähköiseen kauppaan. Kyselytutkimuksella selvitettiin lähinnä asiakkaiden odotuksia, koska sähköisiä palveluita ei vielä ole laajalti käytössä. Tutkimuksen mukaan asiakkaat kokivat useimmat ehdotetuista palveluista, kuten ajantasaisen reitti- ja aikataulupalvelun, tarkan lähtö- ja tuloinformaation, sekä konttien seurantapalvelun, lisäarvoa tuoviksi. Toisaalta yrityksen tarjoama uutispalvelu, tavaroiden tullaus ja keskustelufoorumi sähköisessä muodossa eivät tuntuneet luovan asiakkaille lisäarvoa.

Product Launch in Industrial Markets – Financial Risks in New AMD Elevator Door Launch

Tuotekehitys ja uusien tuotteiden lanseeraus on teollisen yrityksen menestyksekkään liiketoiminnan elinehtoja tämän päivän kilpailussa. Teollisuusyrityksen tuotteiden innovaatioaikakausia on ollut lukuisia, samoin kuin uuden tuotteen lanseerauksen lähtökohtia. Aikakausista, jolloin tuotteita kehitettiin yrityksen omista lähtökohdista, kuten valmistuksellisista eduista, on edetty tilanteeseen, jossa markkinoiden tarpeita tulee ottaa yhä enemmän huomioon. Kuitenkin, teollisuudessa esitellään tuotteita yhä puhtaasti tuotantolähtöisesti, ja tutkimuksen tavoitteena on selvittää taloudellisia riskejä, joita liittyy puhtaasti teknologiavetoiseen tuotteiden kehitystyöhön, valmistukseen ja lanseeraukseen. Normatiivisena tutkimuksena työ pyrkii asiakastarpeita ja teollisuusyrityksen loppuasiakkaiden näkökulmia huomioon ottaen osoittamaan markkinoinnin keinojen merkityksen tuotantolähtöisen tuotelanseerauksen taloudellisten riskien minimoimiseksi. Uuden teollisen tuotteen asiakastarpeita on selvitetty kyselymuotoisen markkinointitutkimuksen menetelmiä hyväksikäyttäen. Tuotteen tärkeimpien ominaisuuksien, kuten turvallisuuden, kestävyyden ja hinnan merkitystä voidaan hyödyntää ennen tuotteen kaupallista esittelyä potentiaalisten asiakassegmenttien kartoitukseen ja menestyksellisen lanseerauksen edesauttamiseksi.

Image and value of product brand in industrial markets: Case Stora Enso Consumer Packaging Boards

TUTKIMUKSEN TAVOITTEET Tutkielman tavoitteena oli luoda ensin yleiskäsitys tuotemerkkimarkkinoinnin roolista teollisilla markkinoilla, sekä suhdemarkkinoinnin merkityksestä teollisessa merkkituotemarkkinoinnissa. Toisena oleellisena tavoitteena oli kuvata teoreettisesti merkkituoteidentiteetin rakenne teollisessa yrityksessä ja sen vaikutukset myyntihenkilöstöön, ja lisäksi haluttiin tutkia tuotemerkkien lisäarvoa sekä asiakkaalle että myyjälle. Identiteetti ja sen vaikutukset, erityisesti imago haluttiin tutkia myös empiirisesti. LÄHDEAINEISTO JA TUTKIMUSMENETELMÄT Tämän tutkielman teoreettinen osuus perustuu kirjallisuuteen, akateemisiin julkaisuihin ja aikaisempiin tutkimuksiin; keskittyen merkkituotteiden markkinointiin, identiteettiin ja imagoon, sekä suhdemarkkinointiin osana merkkituotemarkkinointia. Tutkimuksen lähestymistapa on kuvaileva eli deskriptiivinen ja sekä kvalitatiivinen että kvantitatiivinen. Tutkimus on tapaustutkimus, jossa caseyritykseksi valittiin kansainvälinen pakkauskartonki-teollisuuden yritys. Empiirisen osuuden toteuttamiseen käytettiin www-pohjaista surveytä, jonka avulla tietoja kerättiin myyntihenkilöstöltä case-yrityksessä. Lisäksi empiiristä osuutta laajennettiin tutkimalla sekundäärilähteitä kuten yrityksen sisäisiä kirjallisia dokumentteja ja tutkimuksia. TULOKSET. Teoreettisen ja empiirisen tutkimuksen tuloksena luotiin malli jota voidaan hyödyntää merkkituotemarkkinoinnin päätöksenteon tukena pakkauskartonki-teollisuudessa. Teollisen brandinhallinnan tulee keskittyä erityisesti asiakas-suhteiden brandaukseen – tätä voisi kutsua teolliseksi suhdebrandaukseksi. Tuote-elementit ja –arvot, differointi ja positiointi, sisäinen yrityskuva ja viestintä ovat teollisen brandi-identiteetin peruskiviä, jotka luovat brandi-imagon. Case-yrityksen myyntihenkilöstön tuote- ja yritysmielikuvat osoittautuivat kokonaisuudessaan hyviksi. Paras imago on CKB tuotteilla, kun taas heikoin on WLC tuotteilla. Teolliset brandit voivat luoda monenlaisia lisäarvoja sekä asiakas- että myyjäyritykselle.

Marketing in support of sales in industrial high technology company

The aim of this study is to find out how Metso Paper’s marketing could better support sales and how sales people are executing marketing during the sales processes. This study is done from sales people’s point of view. The study is limited to cover only company’s internal environment. This research was executed through literature review and qualitative theme interviews, where 20 of Metso Paper’s sales people were interviewed. The interviewees were asked to tell their opinions about marketing’s support, marketing materials, information and the relationship between sales and marketing. The results of this study show that the relationship between marketing and sales is rather good, but there is still a great need for improvements. It is hoped that marketing would take more part in the selling processes. In addition, more information about the launches and schedules were also hoped for. Marketing is told to be quite Finland centric and sales people are wishing for more adopted marketing materials and occasions. It came up during the interviews, that sales people are not so willing to give regular feedback to marketing and quite often they think that marketing’s role in Metso Paper is not important at all.

Estudi per a la determinació de la composició òptima d'una barreja de pastes per a la fabricació de paper tripa industrial

El creixent ritme d’exportacions del Brasil, fa que la demanda de papers d’embalatges’incrementi constantment. El material més utilitzat per al transport són les caixes de cartróondulat (OCC). Aquestes caixes, quan se’ls acaba la vida útil, són recuperades per afabricar nou cartró ondulat. El paper de diari, que un cop llegit es converteix en un residu, nos’acostuma a utilitzar per a la fabricació de nous productes paperers, tot i estar fabricat ambfibres de qualitat elevada.Amb la utilització d’aquests materials com a alternativa es disminueix la demanda defibres verges com és el pi, que al Brasil, es troba en una situació crítica a causa de la malagestió de les plantacions.Cal dir que la part pràctica de l’estudi, que consisteix bàsicament en treball de laboratori,ha estat realitzada al Brasil, d’on provenen també les matèries primeres utilitzades. Peraquest motiu, el context de l’estudi està centrat en el mercat, en les necessitats i en larealitat d’aquest país.Aquest projecte té com a objectiu determinar la composició òptima d’una barreja depastes de pi, sisal, retalls i paper de diari, per a la fabricació de paper tripa industrial. Aquestpaper és el que es col•loca, ondulat, enmig de les capes externes del cartró multicapa

Emergence of assortative mixing between clusters of cultured neurons

The analysis of the activity of neuronal cultures is considered to be a good proxy of the functional connectivity of in vivo neuronal tissues. Thus, the functional complex network inferred from activity patterns is a promising way to unravel the interplay between structure and functionality of neuronal systems. Here, we monitor the spontaneous self-sustained dynamics in neuronal cultures formed by interconnected aggregates of neurons (clusters). Dynamics is characterized by the fast activation of groups of clusters in sequences termed bursts. The analysis of the time delays between clusters' activations within the bursts allows the reconstruction of the directed functional connectivity of the network. We propose a method to statistically infer this connectivity and analyze the resulting properties of the associated complex networks. Surprisingly enough, in contrast to what has been reported for many biological networks, the clustered neuronal cultures present assortative mixing connectivity values, meaning that there is a preference for clusters to link to other clusters that share similar functional connectivity, as well as a rich-club core, which shapes a"connectivity backbone" in the network. These results point out that the grouping of neurons and the assortative connectivity between clusters are intrinsic survival mechanisms of the culture.

Persistent spatial clusters of high body mass index in a Swiss urban population as revealed by the 5-year GeoCoLaus longitudinal study.

OBJECTIVE: Body mass index (BMI) may cluster in space among adults and be spatially dependent. Whether and how BMI clusters evolve over time in a population is currently unknown. We aimed to determine the spatial dependence of BMI and its 5-year evolution in a Swiss general adult urban population, taking into account the neighbourhood-level and individual-level characteristics. DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: Swiss general urban population. PARTICIPANTS: 6481 georeferenced individuals from the CoLaus cohort at baseline (age range 35-74 years, period=2003-2006) and 4460 at follow-up (period=2009-2012). OUTCOME MEASURES: Body weight and height were measured by trained healthcare professionals with participants standing without shoes in light indoor clothing. BMI was calculated as weight (kg) divided by height squared (m(2)). Participants were geocoded using their postal address (geographic coordinates of the place of residence). Getis-Ord Gi statistic was used to measure the spatial dependence of BMI values at baseline and its evolution at follow-up. RESULTS: BMI was not randomly distributed across the city. At baseline and at follow-up, significant clusters of high versus low BMIs were identified and remained stable during the two periods. These clusters were meaningfully attenuated after adjustment for neighbourhood-level income but not individual-level characteristics. Similar results were observed among participants who showed a significant weight gain. CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report longitudinal changes in BMI clusters in adults from a general population. Spatial clusters of high BMI persisted over a 5-year period and were mainly influenced by neighbourhood-level income.

Clean development mechanism and joint implementation in China and Russia as related to industrial energy projects

Being highly discussed the problem of climate change and global warming has been keeping importance for several of decades. As a response to the world’s need in solution for climate change disasters, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change was adopted in 1992 and supplemented with the Kyoto protocol in 1997. This work is aimed to give better understanding of the Convention, Kyoto Protocol with its mechanisms and their function, related to energy projects in such case countries, as Russia and China, in order to assist evaluation of projects cost-effectiveness. It provides basic information about the Convention and the Protocol with their regulations, overview of present situation and future post-Kyoto forecasts, while the most attention is concentrated on the clean development mechanism and joint implementation step-by-step project cycles and specific regulations in given countries. The current study disclosed that CDM and JI project cycles are resulting in a complicated process. By the moment it requires step-by-step following of a number of methodologies, spending time and finance to particular project development. Uncertainties about post-Kyoto period bring additional risk to the projects and complicate any business decision concerning Kyoto Protocol.

Industrial emissions abatement: Untangling the impact of the EU ETS and the economic crisis

In this study we use historical emission data from installations under the European Union Emissions Trading System, -EU ETS- to evaluate the impact of this policy on industrial greenhouse gas emissions during the first two trading phases, 2005-2012. As such the analysis seeks to disentangle two causes of emission abatement: that attributable to the EU ETS and that attributable to the economic crisis that hit the EU in 2008/09. Using a panel data approach the estimated emissions reduction attributable to the EU ETS is about 21 per cent of the total emission abatement during the observation period. These results suggest therefore that the lion’s share of abatement was attributable to the effects of the economic crisis, a finding that has serious implications for future policy adjustments affecting core elements of the EU ETS, including the distribution of EU emission allowances.

Nova indústria i nova política industrial

La indústria ha tingut, i té encara, un paper clau en la vertebració de l"economia catalana i en la generació d"efectes multiplicadors que faciliten el desenvolupament de la resta d"activitats i el benestar de la societat. Actualment, i més enllà de la crisi econòmica i financera global, s"està generant un nou model industrial d"àmbit internacional caracteritzat per importants canvis en la naturalesa i la dinàmica dels mercats i en les estratègies de les empreses, per la internacionalització dels processos de producció i la seva repercussió sobre l"organització de les empreses i per la creixent importància dels processos d"innovació.

A territorial approach to R&D subsidies: Empirical evidence for Catalonian firms

Using a database of 2,263 responses to R&D public calls in Catalonia, during the period 2007–2010, this paper proceeds to analyse the potential interaction of the territorial and policy dimensions with the propensity to apply for, and be awarded, a public R&D subsidy. Controlling for characteristics at the firm and project level, we estimate models using a two-step procedure. In the first step, our results suggest that large firms which export and which belong to high-tech manufactures are more likely to participate in a public R&D call. Furthermore, both urban location and past experience of such calls have a positive effect. Our territorial proxy of information spillovers shows a positive sign, but this is only significant at intra-industry level. Membership of one of the sectors prioritized by the Catalan government, perhaps surprisingly, does not have a significant impact. In the second step, our results show that cooperative projects, SMEs or old firms shows a positive effect on the probability of obtaining a public subsidy. Finally, the cluster policy does not show a clear relationship with the public R&D call, suggesting that cluster policies and R&D subsidies follow different goals. Our results are in line with previous results in the literature, but they highlight the unequal territorial distribution of the firms which apply and the fact that policymakers should interlink the decision criteria for their public call with other policies. Keywords: Evaluation, R&D policies, territorial approach, clusters JEL Classifications: L53, L25, O38

Implantació d’una nau industrial destinada a la fabricació de contenidors de reciclatge

El projecte s’ha realitzat a CONSTRUCCIÓ TÈCNICA INDUSTRIAL DEL TERSLU, empresa situada a Aiguaviva, municipi de Girona. Aquesta empresa es dedica a la construcció metàl•lica, però sobretot a la construcción d’estructures metàl•liques lleugeres i pesades, caldereria i manteniment industrial. L’objecte del projecte és buscar un mètode per la reducció del temps de fabricació imillorar la distribució en planta. Per a això s’han d’investigar diferents alternatives icomparar-les entre si per arribar a un resultat final satisfactori. La implantació de la nova distribució en planta com a objectiu final vol aconseguiraugmentar els beneficis globals de l’empresa. Això s.aconsegueix analitzant diferentsdistribucions, l’aplicació de diferents processos de fabricació i muntatge i augmentant lacoordinació entre el departament tècnic i el taller

CO2 utilization in the perspective of industrial ecology, an overview

Carbon dioxide emissions from anthropic activities have accumulated in the atmosphere in excess of 800 Gigatons since preindustrial times, and are continuously increasing. Among other strategies, CO2 capture and storage is one option to mitigate the emissions from large point sources. In addition, carbon dioxide extraction from ambient air is assessed to reduce the atmospheric concentration of CO2. Both direct and indirect (through photosynthesis) pathways are possible. Geological sequestration has significant disadvantages (high cost, low public acceptance, long term uncertainty) whereas carbon dioxide recycling (or utilization) is more consistent with the basic principle of industrial ecology, almost closing material cycles. In this article, a series of technologies for CO2 capture and valorization is described as integrated and optimized pathways. This integration increases the environmental and economic benefits of each technology. Depending on the source of carbon dioxide, appropriate capture and valorization processes are evaluated based on material and energy constraints.

Poorly differentiated clusters (PDC) in colorectal cancer: what is and ought to be known.

BACKGROUND: The counting of poorly differentiated clusters of 5 or more cancer cells lacking a gland-like structure in a tumor mass has recently been identified among the histological features predictive of poor prognosis in colorectal cancer. MAIN BODY: Poorly differentiated clusters can easily be recognized in the histological sections of colorectal cancer routinely stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Despite some limitations related to specimen fragmentation, counting can also be assessed in endoscopic biopsies. Based on the number of poorly differentiated clusters that appear under a microscopic field of a ×20 objective lens (i.e., a microscopic field with a major axis of 1 mm), colorectal cancer can be graded into malignancies as follows: tumors with <5 clusters as grade 1, tumors with 5 to 9 clusters as grade 2, and tumors with ≥10 clusters as grade 3. High poorly differentiated cluster counts are significantly associated with peri-neural and lympho-vascular invasion, the presence of nodal metastases or micrometastases, as well as shorter overall and progression free survival to colorectal cancer. CONCLUSION: The morphological aspects and clinical relevance of poorly differentiated clusters counting in colorectal cancer are discussed in this review.