Perto de ti, matas. Longe de ti, eu morro: Uma etnografia sobre usos de drogas de rua

O presente documento apresenta uma etnografia, realizada numa freguesia de Vila Nova de Gaia, sobre o uso, em contexto de rua, de substâncias denominadas "pesadas". Partindo de uma linha teórico­ metodológica que se demarca dos paradigmas tradicionais que perspectivam o fenómeno droga através das dimensões da delinquência ou da patologia, procedemos a uma análise, em contexto natural, dos espaços e actores relacionados com o psicotropismo. Concluímos que uma relação de dependência com as drogas emerge de uma dimensão processual, para a qual contribui o contexto sociocultural e o quadro relacional onde o indivíduo se insere. Daí, recorrermos ao conceito de itinerário de consumo na abordagem das relações estabelecidas com as substâncias. ABSTRACT; This document presents an ethnography, developed in Vila Nova de Gaia, about consumption, in street environment, of as common sense defines "hard" drugs. Through a theoretical and methodological approach that makes a difference among the traditional paradigms, which conceive the drug phenomenon under the delinquency and pathological dimensions, we analyse, in natural environment, the places and the actors which are involved in the drug scene. We concluded that the drug addiction relationship comes from a sequential dimension, in which sociocultural environment and relationship background make a contribution. Is that the reason why we use consumption itinerary concept to approach the relations between individual and drugs.

Impacto econômico da legalização das drogas no Brasil

O presente estudo inspirou-se especialmente na metodologia utilizada na pesquisa de Miron & Waldock (2010) e no estudo da RAND Corporation (2014). Considerando as dificuldades metodológicas e a indisponibilidade de dados, foram feitas inferências gerais a respeito da grandeza e da magnitude do impacto da legalização das drogas no Brasil.

Programa de prevención del consumo de drogas Saluda: evaluación de una nueva versión en adolescentes españoles

En la actualidad se han evaluado numerosas intervenciones preventivas de drogodependencias en el medio escolar. Sin embargo, en España son pocos los estudios que analizan la influencia precisa de cada uno de los componentes específicos a los programas con el fin de determinar cuáles se consideran cruciales para el cambio de conducta de consumo. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar los efectos de una nueva versión del programa de prevención del consumo de drogas Saluda en la que se prescinde del componente fomento del ocio saludable y las tareas para casa. Esta versión reducida fue dirigida a una muestra de 106 escolares (44.6 % chicos) entre 14 y 17 años (M = 15.20; DT = 0.92) de un centro de Educación Secundaria. Se trata de un estudio exploratorio de tipo cuasi experimental y un diseño pre-post de un único grupo. Se realizó diferencia de proporciones mediante la prueba Z y diferencia de medias mediante la prueba T para muestras relacionadas. Los resultados muestran una reducción en el porcentaje de episodios de embriaguez, así como un efecto de mejora significativa sobre las variables protectoras del consumo. Se discuten estos hallazgos y se realizan propuestas para la mejora de futuras intervenciones.

Síndrome de Burnout e autoeficácia: um estudo com profissionais de enfermagem de hospitais privados de Natal/RN

This research verifies the influence of the self-efficacy level on burnout syndrome incidence in relation to nursing professionals from private hospitals located in the Municipality of Natal, State of Rio Grande do Norte. The nature of the research was descriptive, and the used data analysis method was quantitative which was developed through SPSS computational package, version 17.0. The used instrument for the investigation was Maslach-Burnout Inventory (MBI), and the General Perceived Self-efficacy Scale (GPSES) was applied to a sample formed from 230 nursing professionals. The statistic techniques to data analysis were: frequency analysis; factor analysis; Cronbach.s alpha; Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test (KMO); Bartlett efericity test; percentual analysis; Spearman rank correlation analysis; and simple regression. The achieved factors from factor analysis of MBI were the same, taking into account the dimensions which Maslach initially suggested to the instrument (emotional exhaustion, lack of personal realization, and depersonalization). However, one highlights that the low internal consistence of the depersonalization dimension can occur from people.s difficulty (caused by cultural aspects) of assuming this attitude in their work environment. Through GSE, it was achieved a factor which confirmed the unidimensionality showed by the author of the instrument. In relation to the syndrome incidence, it was verified that about 50% of the researched sample presented burnout syndrome evidence. Referring to self-efficacy level, about 65% of the researched sample presented low level of self-efficacy, what can be explained by the work characteristics of these professionals. In relation to the self-efficacy influence on the Burnout syndrome, it was verified that self-efficacy can be one of the aspects which influences occupational stress chronification (burnout), mainly to the personal realization dimension. Therefore, the researched hospital organizations need reflect about their attitudes in respect to their professionals, since the numbers showed a dangerous tendency regarding a predisposition to burnout syndrome of their staff, what implies not only a significant amount of individuals who can present high levels of emotional exhaustion, lack of personal realization, and depersonalization, but also the fact that this group presents low level of self-efficacy

Autoeficácia, características sociodemográficas e capacitação profissional: um estudo com servidores de uma Universidade Federal

Self-efficacy, the construct developed by Albert Bandura in 1977 and widely studied around the world, means the individual's belief in his own capacity to successfully perform a certain activity. This study aims to determine the degree of association between sociodemographic characteristics and professional training to the levels of Self-Efficacy at Work (SEW) of the Administrative Assistants in a federal university. This is a descriptive research submitted to and approved by the Ethics Committee of UFRN. The method of data analysis, in quantitative nature, was accomplished with the aid of the statistical programs R and Minitab. The instrument used in research was a sociodemographic data questionnaire, variables of professional training and the General Perception of Self-efficacy Scale (GPSES), applied to the sample by 289 Assistants in Administration. Statistical techniques for data analysis were descriptive statistics, cluster analysis, reliability test (Cronbach's alpha), and test of significance (Pearson). Results show a sociodemographic profile of Assistants in Administration of UFRN with well-distributed characteristics, with 48.4% men and 51.6% female; 59.9% of them were aged over 40 years, married (49.3%), color or race white (58%) and Catholics (67.8%); families are composed of up to four people (75.8%) with children (59.4%) of all age groups; the occupation of the mothers of these professionals is mostly housewives (51.6%) with high school education up to parents (72%) and mothers (75.8%). Assistants in Administration have high levels of professional training, most of them composed two groups of servers: the former, recently hired public servants (30.7%) and another with long service (59%), the majority enter young in career and it stays until retirement, 72.4% of these professionals have training above the minimum requirement for the job. The analysis of SEW levels shows medium to high levels for 72% of assistants in administration; low SEWclassified people have shown a high average of 2.7, considered close to the overall mean presented in other studies, which is 2.9. The cluster analysis has allowed us to say that the characteristics of the three groups (Low, Medium and High SEW) are similar and can be found in the three levels of SEW representatives with all the characteristics investigated. The results indicate no association between the sociodemographic variables and professional training to the levels of self-efficacy at work of Assistants in Administration of UFRN, except for the variable color or race. However, due to the small number of people who declared themselves in color or black race (4% of the sample), this result can be interpreted as mere coincidence or the black people addressed in this study have provided a sense of efficacy higher than white and brown ones. The study has corroborated other studies and highlighted the subjectivity of the self-efficacy construct. They are needed more researches, especially with public servants for the continuity and expansion of studies on the subject, making it possible to compare and confirm the results

A liderança e a autoeficácia no contexto militar e civil: estudo comparativo do desenvolvimento de competências num exercício de campo

O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar o desenvolvimento de competências entre os militares e os civis no Seminário de Liderança (SL), assim como, investigar o impacto do SL nas variáveis em estudo, designadamente os estilos de liderança transformacional, transacional e laissez-faire e a autoeficácia em liderança. Neste estudo, de caráter exploratório-descritivo, foi utilizada uma metodologia mista. Os dados foram obtidos, numa primeira fase, mediante a utilização da técnica de inquérito por questionário com base na escala Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) constituída por 21 itens e na escala Leadership SelfEfficacy (LSE) constituída por 17 itens. O questionário de 38 questões fechadas foi aplicado a uma amostra de 99 participantes (37 militares e 62 civis) em quatro SL realizados entre os meses de março e novembro de 2015, cada um com a duração de dois dias. Numa segunda fase recorreu-se à técnica de entrevistas, constituída por quatro perguntas semiestruturadas, que foram aplicadas a 16 participantes do SL. As escalas utilizadas foram submetidas a análises fatoriais exploratórias no programa SPSS. Com recurso às medidas descritivas, aos testes t-Student e ao estudo correlacional, foi efetuada a comparação entre os militares e os civis das variáveis em estudo. Foi também investigada a evolução das variáveis em estudo dos participantes, bem como o estudo da relação entre os estilos de liderança e a autoeficácia em liderança. Os dados analisados permitiram concluir que existe uma correlação significativa positiva entre a liderança transformacional e transacional e a autoeficácia em liderança. Observou-se também que os militares e civis possuem estilos de liderança semelhantes. No entanto, os militares possuem níveis significativamente superiores de autoeficácia em liderança. As contribuições do estudo para a literatura reforçam a relevância da autoeficácia em liderança dos líderes e a importância que os exercícios de campo representam para o desenvolvimento de líderes.

Autoeficácia de alunos de Administração: um estudo com concluintes do curso de graduação em Administração no Estado do Pará

The current study presents the characteristics of self-efficacy of students of Administration course, who work and do not work. The study was conducted through a field research, descriptive, addressed quantitatively using statistical procedures. Was studied a population composed of 394 students distributed in three Higher Education Institutions, in the metropolitan region of Belém, in the State of Pará. The sampling was not probabilistic by accessibility, with a sample of 254 subjects. The instrument for data collection was a questionnaire composed of a set of questions divided into three sections: the first related to sociodemographic data, the second section was built to identify the work situation of the respondent and the third section was built with issues related to General Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale proposed by Schwarzer and Jerusalem (1999). Sociodemographic data were processed using methods of descriptive statistics. This procedure allowed characterizing the subjects of the sample. To identify the work situation, the analysis of frequency and percentage was used, which allowed to classify in percentage, the respondents who worked and those that did not work, and the data related to the scale of self-efficacy were processed quantitatively by the method of multivariate statistics using the software of program Statistical Package for Social Sciences for Windows - SPSS, version 17 from the process of Exploratory Factor Analysis. This procedure allowed characterizing the students who worked and the students who did not worked. The results were discussed based on Social Cognitive Theory from the construct of self-efficacy of Albert Bandura (1977). The study results showed a young sample, composed the majority of single women with work experience, and indicated that the characteristics of self-efficacy of students who work and students who do not work are different. The self-efficacy beliefs of students who do not work are based on psychological expectations, whereas the students who work demonstrated that their efficacy beliefs are sustained by previous experiences. A student who does not work proved to be reliant in their abilities to achieve a successful performance in their activities, believing it to be easy to achieve your goals and to face difficult situations at work, simply by invest a necessary effort and trust in their abilities. One who has experience working proved to be reliant in their abilities to conduct courses of action, although know that it is not easy to achieve your goals, and in unexpected situations showed its ability to solve difficult problems

El delito de negativa a someterse a las pruebas de alcoholemia o de detección de drogas

En los inicios, las primeras disposiciones legales que aparecieron cronológicamente con la finalidad de regular la seguridad del tráfico fueron de carácter exclusivamente administrativo. Sin embargo, ante el notorio incremento del número de accidentes de tráfico, los legisladores optaron por su incriminación penal, lo que suponía la imposición de una sanción judicial más o menos grave con la que se pretendía intimidar al conductor1. La negativa de algunos conductores a someterse a la prueba de alcoholemia generaba problemas a la hora de perseguir los delitos contra la seguridad del tráfico. Por ello, el Código Penal de 1995 aprobado por la Ley Orgánica 10/1995, de 23 de noviembre, introdujo esta figura delictiva, a través del artículo 380, sancionando penalmente la negativa a someterse a las pruebas establecidas al efecto, castigándolo como autor de un delito de desobediencia grave, pues, hasta entonces, los conductores que se negaban a someterse a las pruebas de alcoholemia eran sancionados únicamente por vía administrativa2. El artículo 380 del Código Penal disponía que “el conductor que, requerido por el agente de la autoridad, se negare a someterse a las pruebas legalmente establecidas para la comprobación de los hechos descritos en el artículo anterior, será castigado como autor de un delito de desobediencia grave, previsto en el artículo 556 de este Código”3. Desde su introducción en el Código Penal, el delito de negativa a someterse a las pruebas de alcoholemia sólo recibió numerosos reproches por parte de la doctrina. A pesar de ello, la Ley Orgánica 15/2007, de 30 de noviembre, por la que se modifica la Ley Orgánica 10/1995, de 23 de noviembre, del Código Penal en materia de seguridad vial, optó por mantener dicho delito, si bien modificó ligeramente la definición legal del mismo, a través del nuevo artículo 383

Ablación o drogas en la fibrilación auricular paroxística

Resumen Durante años las drogas antiarrítmicas (DAA) han constituido el tratamiento fundacional para los pacientes con fibrilación auricular paroxística (FAP) en los cuales se desea mantener el ritmo sinusal. Debido a las limitaciones en su eficacia, principalmente a largo plazo, sumado a la gran proporción de pacientes que discontinúan la terapia por efectos adversos, nuevas terapias no farmacológicas han sido desarrolladas con el fin de lograr un adecuado control del ritmo. En la última década la ablación por catéter se ha mostrado como la terapia más efectiva y posiblemente la más segura en aquellos pacientes con falla del tratamiento antiarrítmico. Estudios randomizados y metaanálisis recientemente publicados indican que la ablación podría ser considerada como primera línea de terapia en pacientes seleccionados con FAP en quienes se busca controlar el ritmo. Por lo tanto, en este artículo revisaremos la evidencia actual que avala el uso de DAA o ablación en la FAP.

Os factores psicológicos de motivação e da autoeficácia para ultrapassar barreiras na prática do exercício físico

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica.

Clima organizacional escolar, cooperação entre professores e autoeficácia docente: Um estudo centrado no olhar dos professores

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Educacional.

Respuesta a la vacunación contra el virus de la rabia en perros inmunizados durante el acto quirúrgico o bajo efecto de drogas inmunomoduladoras

Resumen Según la OMS la forma más eficaz para reducir los casos de rabia anuales en humanos es a través de vacunaciones en perros y gatos, dado que el 90 % de los mismos son debido a mordeduras de estos animales, mayoritariamente caninos, infectados con el virus. En países de la región, donde se ha evaluado el nivel de protección de perros vacunados contra el virus de la rabia, se han encontrado variaciones importantes. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la respuesta inmune humoral contra la rabia en perros con algún tipo de “modulación inmunológica” inducida experimentalmente. Para esto se inmunizaron cinco grupos de perros con vacunas polivalentes (Grupo 1), monovalentes (Grupo 2), inmunizados durante la castración quirúrgica (Grupo 3), que estaban en tratamiento con Triamcinolona acetonido (corticoides) durante la inmunización (Grupo 4) o que fueron vacunados simultáneamente con un inmunoestimulante comercial (Grupo 5). En términos generales los resultados obtenidos indican que en todos los casos, la mayoría de los animales pudieron superar el límite mínimo de anticuerpos para estar protegidos según la OMS (0.5UI/ml). Sin embargo, se encontraron diferencias significativas (p<0.05) en el uso de vacunas mono o polivalente, el uso de corticoides al momento de la inmunización y en la vacunación durante la castración quirúrgica