PROP1 Gene Analysis in Portuguese Patients with Combined Pituitary Hormone Deficiency

OBJECTIVE: Mutations of the PROP1 gene lead to combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD), which is characterized by a deficiency of GH, TSH, LH/FSH, PRL and, less frequently, ACTH. This study was undertaken to investigate the molecular defect in a cohort of patients with CPHD. DESIGN, PATIENTS AND MEASUREMENTS: A multicentric study involving 46 cases of CPHD (17 familial cases belonging to seven kindreds and 29 sporadic cases) selected on the basis of clinical and hormonal evidence of GH deficiency, central hypothyroidism and hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism, in the absence of an identified cause of hypopituitarism. Mutations of PROP1 were investigated by DNA sequencing. Clinical, hormonal and neuroradiological data were collected at each centre. RESULTS: PROP1 mutations were identified in all familial cases: five kindreds presented a c. 301-302delAG mutation, one kindred presented a c. 358C --> T (R120C) mutation and one presented a previously unreported initiation codon mutation, c. 2T --> C. Of the 29 sporadic cases, only two (6.9%) presented PROP1 germline mutations (c. 301-302delAG, in both). Phenotypic variability was observed among patients with the same mutations, particularly the presence and age of onset of hypocortisolism, the levels of PRL and the results of pituitary imaging. One patient presented a sellar mass that persisted into adulthood. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of a mutation in the initiation codon of the PROP1 gene and this further expands the spectrum of known mutations responsible for CPHD. The low mutation frequency observed in sporadic cases may be due to the involvement of other unidentified acquired or genetic causes.

Mitchell-Riley Syndrome: A Novel Mutation in RFX6 Gene

A novel RFX6 homozygous missense mutation was identified in an infant with Mitchell-Riley syndrome. The most common features of Mitchell-Riley syndrome were present, including severe neonatal diabetes associated with annular pancreas, intestinal malrotation, gallbladder agenesis, cholestatic disease, chronic diarrhea, and severe intrauterine growth restriction. Perijejunal tissue similar to pancreatic tissue was found in the submucosa, a finding that has not been previously reported in this syndrome. This case associating RFX6 mutation with structural and functional pancreatic abnormalities reinforces the RFX6 gene role in pancreas development and β-cell function, adding information to the existent mutation databases.

LAMA2 Gene Analysis in a Cohort of 26 Congenital Muscular Dystrophy Patients

Congenital muscular dystrophy type 1A (MDC1A) is caused by mutations in the LAMA2 gene encoding laminin-alpha2. We describe the molecular study of 26 patients with clinical presentation, magnetic resonance imaging and/or laminin-alpha2 expression in muscle, compatible with MDC1A. The combination of full genomic sequencing and complementary DNA analysis led to the particularly high mutation detection rate of 96% (50/52 disease alleles). Besides 22 undocumented polymorphisms, 18 different mutations were identified in the course of this work, 14 of which were novel. In particular, we describe the first fully characterized gross deletion in the LAMA2 gene, encompassing exon 56 (c.7750-1713_7899-2153del), detected in 31% of the patients. The only two missense mutations detected were found in heterozygosity with nonsense or truncating mutations in the two patients with the milder clinical presentation and a partial reduction in muscle laminin-alpha2. Our results corroborate the previous few genotype/phenotype correlations in MDC1A and illustrate the importance of screening for gross rearrangements in the LAMA2 gene, which may be underestimated in the literature.

Mutations in the MECP2 Gene Are Not a Major Cause of Rett Syndrome-Like or Related Neurodevelopmental Phenotype in Male Patients

Rett syndrome is a genetic neurodevelopmental disorder that affects mainly girls, but mutations in the causative MECP2 gene have also been identified in boys with classic Rett syndrome and Rett syndrome-like phenotypes. We have studied a group of 28 boys with a neurodevelopmental disorder, 13 of which with a Rett syndrome-like phenotype; the patients had diverse clinical presentations that included perturbations of the autistic spectrum, microcephaly, mental retardation, manual stereotypies, and epilepsy. We analyzed the complete coding region of the MECP2 gene, including the detection of large rearrangements, and we did not detect any pathogenic mutations in the MECP2 gene in these patients, in whom the genetic basis of disease remained unidentified. Thus, additional genes should be screened in this group of patients.

Structural and functional characterization of the gene products responsible for phototrophic iron oxidation by purple bacteria

Dissertação para a obtenção de grau de doutor em Bioquímica pelo Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica. Universidade Nova de Lisboa

Estudo do gene FOXE1 e identificação de novos genes de susceptibilidade para o cancro da tiróide familiar

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Genética Molecular e Biomedicina

Rastreamento de mutações somáticas do gene EGFR de pacientes com CPNPC

Dissertação para a obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Genética Molecular e Biomedicina

Regulation of the rice gene OsRMC under salt stress: identification and functional characterization of novel transcription factors

Dissertation presented to obtain the Ph.D degree in Biology

Analysis of PAX2 gene alterations in renal cell tumors

Dissertation for applying to a Master’s Degree in Molecular Genetics and Biomedicine submitted to the Sciences and Technology Faculty of New University of Lisbon

The Role of Small RNAs and Ribonucleases in the Control of Gene Expression in Salmonella Typhimurium

Dissertation presented to obtain the Ph.D degree in Biology

Interplay of Exoribonucleases, Hfq and Small RNAs Structural Determinants in the Control of Gene Expression

Dissertation presented to obtain the Ph.D degree in Biology

Overexpressing BDNF in Neural Stem Cells using non-viral gene delivery strategies

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Biotecnologia

Developing and validating a measure of the strength of the HRM system: Operationalizing the construct and relationships among its dimensions

The four studies in this article introduce a questionnaire to measure Strength of the HRM System (HRMSQ), a multidimensional construct, theoretically developed by Bowen and Ostroff (2004). Strength of the HRM System is a set of process characteristics that lead to effectiveness in conveying signals to employees that allow them to create a shared meaning of desired and appropriate work behaviours. Nine characteristics are suggested, grouped in three features: Distinctiveness, Consistency and Consensus. Study 1 developed and tested a questionnaire in a sample of workers from five different sectors. Study 2 cross-validated the measure in a sample of civil servants in a municipality. These two studies used performance appraisal as the reference HRM practice and led to a short version of the HRMSQ. Study 3 and Study 4 extend the HRMSQ to several common HRM practices. The HRMSQ is tested in two samples, of call center and several private and public organizations‟ workers (study 3). In study 4 the questionnaire is refined and tested with a sample from a hotel chain and finally cross-validated with two other samples, in the insurance and batteries sectors, leading to a longer version of the HRMSQ. Content analysis of several interviews with human resource managers and the Rasch model (1960, 1961, 1980), were used to define and select the indicators of the questionnaire. Convergent, discriminant and predictive validity of the measure are tested. The results of the four studies highlight the complexity of the relationships between the proposed characteristics and support the validity of a parsimonious measure of Strength of the HRM System.

Tipagem molecular de isolados clínicos e ambientais do complexo de espécies de Cryptococcus neoformans através do gene fosfolipase B(PLB1) e avaliação da susceptibilidade antifúngica

Cryptococcus neoformans é uma levedura encapsulada, presente em animais e humanos, que infecta tanto indivíduos imunocomprometidos como imunocompetentes. A criptococose é uma causa significativa de morbilidade e mortalidade em todo o mundo, sendo a meningoencefalite o sinal mais frequente da doença. Duas espécies estão incluídas no complexo de Cryptococcus neoformans: C. gattii (serotipos B e C) e C. neoformans. Por sua vez, C. neoformans é dividido em duas grandes variedades - var. grubii (serotipo A) e var. neoformans (serotipo D) –, além de incluir estirpes híbridas (serotipo AD). A técnica de RFLP tem sido usada para identificar facilmente os tipos moleculares dos isolados em estudos epidemiológicos. Oito tipos foram descritos: VNI, VNII (ambos correspondentes a estirpes C. neoformans var. grubii), VNIII (estirpes híbridas AD), VNIV (C. neoformans var. neoformans), e VGI-IV (correspondentes a C. gattii). Este trabalho teve como objectivo, caracterizar geneticamente uma colecção de isolados clínicos e ambientais, portugueses e estrangeiros, e avaliar a sua resistência a duas drogas antifúngicas, permitindo comparar os padrões epidemiológicos do complexo de espécies com os encontrados noutras regiões do mundo. A colecção possui 337 isolados de C. neoformans, provenientes de diversos hospitais e regiões, previamente identificados por métodos convencionais de diagnóstico. A determinação dos tipos moleculares foi realizada através do método de RFLP no gene PLB1. Dos 267 isolados analisados, o tipo mais abundante foi VN I (61,42%), seguido por VN III (24,34%). Menos abundantes foram VN IV (10,11%) e VN II (3%), enquanto que VG I foi raro (1,12%). Os restantes tipos moleculares de C. gattii não foram encontrados. Usando o método de difusão em disco, 98 destes isolados foram analisados quanto à susceptibilidade antifúngica. Foi registada resistência ao voriconazol em apenas 3,1% dos isolados testados. Foi encontrada resistência ao fluconazol num elevado número de isolados (32,7%) e susceptibilidade dependendo da dose em 15,3%. Este trabalho, também teve o intuito de correlacionar os resultados anteriores com o tipo molecular. Todavia não foi encontrada diferença estatisticamente significativa entre qualquer dos tipos moleculares e as CMIs correspondentes ao fluconazol. Porém, os resultados mostram que alguns tipos moleculares são menos susceptíveis do que outros em relação ao voriconazol: VN I e VN IV são mais resistentes do que VN II, e VN I e VN II são mais susceptíveis que VN III. Concluindo, a elevada frequência de VN I está de acordo com resultados obtidos em outros estudos em países Europeus e Sul-Americanos. É notável a abundância de VN III em Portugal, tal como relatado noutros países do Sul da Europa, mas também no Chile, contrariamente a outras regiões do globo. A elevada resistência ao fluconazol é compatível com os resultados documentados em estudos anteriores. Esta investigação é um importante passo na epidemiologia da criptococose e da ocorrência de C. neoformans em Portugal.