Added value of SPECT/CT in addition to whole-body scintigraphy augmented with prone lateral views in patients with well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma

Purpose: We aimed to determine the impact of SPECT/CT performed in addition to whole-­‐body scintigraphy augmented with prone lateral views in patients with well-­‐differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Methods and Materials: This retrospective study included 141 patients (87 female, 54 male, mean age 47 years) with well-­‐differentiated thyroid carcinoma (105 papillary, 31 follicular, 1 Hürthle cell and 4 poorly differentiated) treated with radioiodine therapy (1000-7400 MBq). Patients were referred for either first postsurgical therapy (n=76) or further treatment (n=65). Two nuclear medicine physicians interpreted the scans in consensus (first whole-­‐body scintigraphy with prone lateral view, then SPECT/CT) reporting abnormal iodine uptake in the thyroid bed, lymph nodes and distant metastasis. The corresponding ATA risk score was calculated for each patient before and after SPECT/CT, as well as change in disease extension Results: The analysis showed a difference between scintigraphy and SPECT/CT in n=17 lesions in 14 patients (9.9%): 12 were described as suspicious on scintigraphy and could be considered as benign on SPECT/CT (3 corresponded to local iodine uptake, 6 to lymph nodes metastases and 3 to distant metastases). The others 5 corresponded to metastases (4 lymph nodes and 1 distant) that were not seen on whole-­‐body scintigraphy augmented with prone lateral views. In 10 of 141 (7.1%) patients, we observed a change in ATA risk stratification, with a risk increase in 4 of them (2.8%). Conclusion: SPECT/CT allowed detecting 5 focal lesions missed on planar scintigraphy, and to precise benignity of 12 suspicious lesions on planar scintigraphy. Moreover, SPECT/CT improved the risk stratification in 10 patients with a significant change in the patient management

Measuring the effects through time of the influence of visuomotor and visuotactile synchronous stimulation on a virtual body ownership illusion

Previous studies have examined the experience of owning a virtual surrogate body or body part through specific combinations of cross-modal multisensory stimulation. Both visuomotor (VM) and visuotactile (VT) synchronous stimulation have been shown to be important for inducing a body ownership illusion, each tested separately or both in combination. In this study we compared the relative importance of these two cross-modal correlations, when both are provided in the same immersive virtual reality setup and the same experiment. We systematically manipulated VT and VM contingencies in order to assess their relative role and mutual interaction. Moreover, we present a new method for measuring the induced body ownership illusion through time, by recording reports of breaks in the illusion of ownership ("breaks") throughout the experimental phase. The balance of the evidence, from both questionnaires and analysis of the breaks, suggests that while VM synchronous stimulation contributes the greatest to the attainment of the illusion, a disruption of either (through asynchronous stimulation) contributes equally to the probability of a break in the illusion.

Stereoselective sodium borohydride reductions of cyclopentanones: influence of ceric chloride on the stereochemistry of reaction

In this paper we describe the reduction by NaBH4 of some cyclopentanones containing an oxygenated function at the side chain position beta to the carbonyl group, both in the presence and in the absence of CeCl3. Some suggestions for the rationalization of the results are discussed, considering the stereochemical course of the reactions.

Estimating the value of the metal-ligand bond dissociation enthalpy<D> (M-L) for adducts using empirical equations supported by TG data

In this work is presented and tested (for 106 adducts, mainly of the zinc group halides) two empirical equations supported in TG data to estimate the value of the metal-ligand bond dissociation enthalpy for adducts: <D> (M-O) = t i / g if t i < 420 K and <D> (M-O) = (t i / g ) - 7,75 . 10-2 . t i if t i > 420 K. In this empirical equations, t i is the thermodynamic temperature of the beginning of the thermal decomposition of the adduct, as determined by thermogravimetry, andg is a constant factor that is function of the metal halide considered and of the number of ligands, but is not dependant of the ligand itself. To half of the tested adducts the difference between experimental and calculated values was less than 5%. To about 80% of the tested adducts, the difference between the experimental (calorimetric) and the calculated (using the proposed equations) values are less than 15%.

Some Notes and Comments on the Efficient use of Information in Repeated Games with Poisson Signals

In the present paper we characterize the optimal use of Poisson signals to establish incentives in the "bad" and "good" news models of Abreu et al. [1]. In the former, for small time intervals the signals' quality is high and we observe a "selective" use of information; otherwise there is a "mass" use. In the latter, for small time intervals the signals' quality is low and we observe a "fine" use of information; otherwise there is a "non-selective" use. JEL: C73, D82, D86. KEYWORDS: Repeated Games, Frequent Monitoring, Public Monitoring, Infor- mation Characteristics.

The economic value of reciprocal bilingualism

Some bilingual societies exhibit a distribution of language skills that can- not be explained by economic theories that portray languages as pure commu- nication devices. Such distribution of skills are typically the result of public policies that promote bilingualism among members of both speech commu- nities (reciprocal bilingualism). In this paper I argue that these policies are likely to increase social welfare by diminishing economic and social segmenta- tion between the two communities. However, these gains tend to be unequally distributed over the two communities. As a result, in a large range of circum- stances these policies might not draw su¢ cient support. The model is built upon the communicative value of languages, but also emphasizes the role of linguistic preferences in the behavior of bilingual individuals.

Evaluation of the influence of base and alkyl bromide on synthesis of pyrazinoic acid esters through fatorial design

Pyrazinoic acid esters have been synthesized as prodrugs of pyrazinoic acid. In the literature, its preparation is reported through the reaction of pyrazinoyl chloride with alcohols and the reaction with DCC/DMAP. In this work, it is reported a 2² factorial design to evaluate the preparation of these esters through the substitution of alkyl bromides with carboxylate anion. The controlled factors were alkyl chain length of bromides (ethyl and hexyl) and the used base (triethylamine and DBU). Results revealed that the used base used has significant effect on yield, and alkyl bromide used has neither significant influence, nor its interaction effect with base.

Validation of an hplc method for the determination of 1,7-dihydroxy-2,3-methylenedioxyxanthone in extracts obtained from Polygala cyparissias A. St. Hil. & Moq. (Polygalaceae) and evaluation of the influence of its content on the gastroprotective activity

Polygala cyparissias is a plant widespread in Southern Latin America. Recently, we demonstrated the gastroprotective activity of the extract, as well as for one of the isolated metabolites-1,7-dihydroxy-2,3-methylenedioxyxanthone (MDX). In this study, a HPLC method for the quantification of MDX was validated. The HPLC method was linear (0.5-24 µg mL-1 of MDX) with good accuracy, precision and robustness. The content of MDX in the extracts from whole and different parts of the plant ranged from 0 to 5.4 mg g-1 and the gastroprotective index ranged from 72.1 to 99.1%. Thus, the method might be used for the standardization of the extracts based on the MDX marker.

Liiketoimintatiedon hallinta yritysjohdon näkökulmasta

Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli selvittää miten liiketoimintatiedon hallinnalla voidaan tukea yrityksen strategisen tason johtamista. Lisäksi tavoitteena oli selvittää minkälaisia tietotarpeita yritysjohdolla on liittyen liiketoimintojen johtamiseen ja päätöksentekoon sekä kuinka tietoa tulee tarjota ja esittää, jotta tietoa voitaisiin hyödyntää yrityksen johtamisessa mahdollisimman tehokkaasti. Liiketoimintatiedon hallinta on monitahoinen käsite ja se sisältää sekä prosessit, teknologiat, menetelmät, tietotuotteet ja työkalut liiketoimintaan ja liiketoimintaympäristöön liittyvän tiedon hallintaan, tavoitteena päätöstenteon tukeminen ja kilpailuedun saavuttaminen. Jotta tiedosta olisi mahdollisimman paljon hyötyä yritykselle, tulee sitä hallinnoida ja johtaa päämäärätietoisesti. Tiedon arvo tulee ymmärtää ja tietoa tulee käyttää tavoitteellisesti. Tiedon tulee myös olla merkityksellistä, luotettavaa ja oikea-aikaista. Näihin tavoitteisiin pyritään vastaamaan systemaattisella prosessilla, jota voidaan hallinnoida ja jonka avulla tiedon merkityksellisyys, luotettavuus ja oikea-aikaisuus pyritään varmistamaan. Tutkimuksen empiirisessä osassa kartoitetaan kohdeyrityksen liiketoimintatiedon hallinnan nykytila yritysjohdon näkökulmasta. Tavoitteena empiirisessä osassa on selvittää haastatteluiden avulla johtoryhmän tietotarpeita sekä sitä kuinka tietotarpeet tulevat nykyisin tyydytettyä ja kuinka yritysjohto käyttää ja hyödyntää tietoa. Lopputuloksena teorian ja empiirisen tutkimuksen pohjalta luotiin prosessimalli liiketoimintatiedon hallinnan järjestämiseksi kohdeyrityksessä. Lisäksi empiirisen tutkimuksen pohjalta havaituista kehityskohteista tehtiin toimenpide-ehdotukset, kuinka kyseisiä kohteita tulisi kohdeyrityksessä jatkossa kehittää.

Future vision of information networks according to EU 7th framework

The purpose of this thesis is to investigate projects funded in European 7th framework Information and Communication Technology- work programme. The research has been limited to issue ”Pervasive and trusted network and service infrastructure” and the aim is to find out which are the most important topics into which research will concentrate in the future. The thesis will provide important information for the Department of Information Technology in Lappeenranta University of Technology. First in this thesis will be investigated what are the requirements for the projects which were funded in “Pervasive and trusted network and service infrastructure” – programme 2007. Second the projects funded according to “Pervasive and trusted network and service infrastructure”-programme will be listed in to tables and the most important keywords will be gathered. Finally according to the keyword appearances the vision of the most important future topics will be defined. According to keyword-analysis the wireless networks are in important role in the future and core networks will be implemented with fiber technology to ensure fast data transfer. Software development favors Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) and open source solutions. The interoperability and ensuring the privacy are in key role in the future. 3D in all forms and content delivery are important topics as well. When all the projects were compared, the most important issue was discovered to be SOA which leads the way to cloud computing.

Hiljaisen tiedon ja osaamisen jakamisen psykologiset esteet ja kannustimet

Kestävä kilpailuetu perustuu yhä enemmän resurssien, erityisesti tiedon luovaan hyödyntämiseen ja yhdistämiseen muiden resurssien kanssa. Hiljaisen tiedon ja osaamisen tehokkaan jakamisen avulla on mahdollista rakentaa organisaatiolle pysyvää kilpailukykyä. Tämän kvalitatiivisin menetelmin suoritetun tutkimuksen päätavoite on selvittää yksilön hiljaisen tiedon ja osaamisen jakamiseen vaikuttavia psykologisia esteitä ja kannustimia. Tavoitteena on myös selvittää tiedon arvoa yksilölle ja löytää keinoja tehostaa hiljaisen tiedon ja osaamisen jakamista Vakuutusyhtiössä. Tutkimuksen aineisto perustuu Vakuutusyhtiössä tehtyihin puolistrukturoituihin haastatteluihin. Teoreettinen viitekehys perustuu pääosin Herzbergin kaksifaktoriteoriaan.