Aspectos legais e constitucionais acerca das concessões de energia elétrica a vencer em 2015

Consultoria Legislativa - Área XII - Recursos Minerais, Hídricos e Energéticos.

A geração de energia elétrica e a preservação do meio ambiente no Brasil

Analisa ageração de energia elétrica e a preservação do meio ambiente no Brasil face ao desenvolvimento sustentável.

Análise das tarifas, da qualidade e da abrangência da prestação do serviço público de fornecimento de energia elétrica nas regiões do Brasil

Consultoria Legislativa - Área XII - Recursos Minerais, Hídricos e Energéticos.

O aproveitamento da energia solar no Brasil - situação e perspectivas

Consultoria Legislativa - Área XII - Recursos Minerais, Hídricos e Energéticos.

Redes de energia elétrica inteligentes (smart grids)

Trecho da Nota Técnica: "Com o avanço do uso da tecnologia digital nos sistemas de fornecimento de energia elétrica, começa a surgir o que se convencionou chamar de quarta geração desses sistemas, ou seja, as chamadas smart grids, caracterizadas pelo uso intensivo de equipamentos digitais, de telecomunicações, de sensoriamento e operação remotos de instalações, e de tecnologia de informação (TI), adicionalmente às instalações físicas de geração, transmissão e distribuição de energia elétrica existentes." Consultoria Legislativo - Área XII Recursos Minerais, Hídricos e Energéticos.

A importância dos requerimentos de cunho informacional na Comissão de Minas e Energia da Câmara dos Deputados

Discute, em caráter preliminar, os motivos pelos quais a Comissão de Minas e Energia da Câmara dos Deputados (CME) apresentou volume de deliberações de projetos de lei inferior ao de requerimentos de cunho informacional no período de 2003 a 2007. Analisa as razões pelas quais os membros do referido órgão apresentaram expressivo quantitativo dos requerimentos em questão. Avalia o comportamento da CME, a partir das Teorias do Legislativo e dos fenômenos da preponderância do Poder Executivo sobre o Legislativo. Conclui que as Teorias Partidária e Distributivista explicam melhor o comportamento legislativo do CME, sobrepondo-se à perspectiva informacional.

Phenotypic correlations of fatty acid composition among intramuscular, subcutaneous and intermuscular fat tissues in concentrate-fed beef cattle of differing genotypes

[EN]In an attempt to predict intramuscular fatty acid composition using easily accessible fat depots, between-tissue correlations were studied in 75 Asturiana de los Valles bulls with different levels of muscular hypertrophy, and 25 Asturiana de la Montan˜ a bulls. Trans-18:1 in intramuscular fat was highly and positively correlated with levels in subcutaneous and intermuscular fats, while levels of total n-3 were not correlated. Predicting intramuscular fatty acid composition using easily accessible depots is thus possible for some fatty acids exhibiting high between-tissue correlations (e.g., trans-18:1) but breed and tissue specific deposition may limit this for others (e.g., n-3 fatty acids).

Dietary vitamin E inhibits the trans 10-18:1 shift in beef backfat

[EN]Forty feedlot steers were fed a barleygrain-based finishing diet typical for western Canada, with two levels of supplementary vitamin E (468 or 1068 IU head_1 d_1) and the effect on backfat trans-18:1 isomeric profile was determined. Feeding 1068 IU vitamin E reduced the total trans-18:1 content in backfat (P<0.01), as well as the percentage of trans 10-18:1 (P<0.001), which are related to an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases. On the other hand, trans 11-18:1 (vaccenic acid) the precursor for cis 9,trans 11- 18:2 (rumenic acid), which have several purported health benefits, increased (P<0.01). Vitamin E could, therefore, be used to decrease trans-18:1 in beef and improve its isomeric profile.

Extended ageing time and temperature effects on quality of sub-primal cuts of boxed beef

[EN]Most of the information indicating ageing improves tenderness has been collected on the loin and rib-eye muscles over relatively short ageing times, assuming that all muscles will react similarly. In the present study, the effect of extended ageing times on instrumental texture (56 d) and sensory characteristics (42 d) of six different beef sub-primals [striploin (SL), inside round (IR), outside round (OR), eye of round (ER), blade eye (BE) and chuck tender (CT)] was studied. The effects of two ageing temperatures (1and 58C) were also compared. In general, ageing increased tenderness (P<0.05) of SL, BE, ER and CT sub-primals, although BE shear force increased after 42 d of ageing. On the other hand, ageing had no effect on IR tenderness (P<0.05) and resulted in a decrease in tenderness of OR (P<0.05) until day 35, with a later increase after 42 d of ageing. Increasing ageing temperature (58C) had limited effect on tenderness, but ageing time and temperature increases led to lower flavour and higher off-flavour intensity (P<0.05) of the studied sub-primals. These results suggest that cutspecific maximum ageing times and rigid adherence to temperature maximums would be of benefit to optimize postslaughter processes and meat quality

Evaluation of wheat or corn dried distillers' grains with solubles on performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot steers

[EN]A study was conducted on crossbred steers (n=275; 376±924 kg) to evaluate performance and carcass quality of cattle fed wheat or corn dried distillers’ grains with solubles (DDGS). The control ration contained 86.6% rolled barley grain, 5.7% supplement and 7.7% barley silage (DM basis). The four treatments included replacement of barley grain at 20 or 40% of the diet (DM basis) with wheat or corn DDGS. Steers were slaughtered at a common end weight of 645 kg with 100 steers randomly (n=20 per treatment) selected for determination of the retail yield of sub-primal boneless boxed beef (SPBBB). Data were analyzed as a completely randomized design using pen as the experimental unit. Feeding increasing levels of wheat DDGS led to a quadratic increase in dry matter intake (DMI) (P<0.01), whereas increasing levels of corn DDGS led to a quadratic decrease in DMI (P=0.01). Average daily gain was not influenced (P=0.13) by feeding wheat or corn DDGS, but cattle fed corn DDGS exhibited a quadratic increase (P=0.01) in gain:feed. As a result, a quadratic increase (P<0.01) in calculated NEg of the diet was observed as corn DDGS levels increased. A linear decrease (P=0.04) in days on feed (169, 166 and 154 d) was noted when increasing levels of wheat DDGS (0, 20 and 40%) were fed. Dressing percentage increased in a linear fashion with wheat DDGS (P<0.01) inclusion level and in a quadratic fashion (P=0.01) as corn DDGS inclusion level increased although other carcass traits were not affected (P=0.10) by treatment. The results indicate that replacement of barley grain with corn or wheat DDGS up to 40% of the diet (DM) can lead to superior performance (improved gain:feed or reduced days on feed, respectively) with no detrimental effect on quality grade or carcass SPBBB yield.

Review: Trans-forming beef to provide healthier fatty acid profiles

[EN]Trans fatty acids are found naturally in foods, particularly in those derived from ruminant animals, such as beef and dairy cattle. Over the past few decades, human consumption of trans fatty acids has increased, but this has been mainly from products containing partially hydrogenated vegetable oils. The correlation of trans fatty acid consumption with diseases such as coronary heart disease has been cause for concern, and led to recommendations to reduce their consumption. Trans fatty acids, however, have differing effects on human health. Therefore, in foods produced from ruminant animals, it is important to know their trans fatty acid composition, and how to enrich or deplete fatty acids that have positive or negative health effects. This review will cover the analysis of trans fatty acids in beef, their origin, how to manipulate their concentrations, and give a brief overview of their health effects.

Comissão de Minas e Energia : análise dos fatores que influenciaram sua escolha preferencial nos anos de 2009 a 2011

Objetiva identificar as razões que conduziram à proeminência da CME, no que se refere à escolha para o cargo de presidente de comissões permanentes, tendo essa comissão alçado à 2ª posição no ranking de escolhas no ano de 2011. Inicialmente, tratou-se da sustentação teórica no sentido de se compreender o comportamento legislativo na CME, bem como a atuação centralizada dos líderes, vinculada ao poder de agenda do Executivo e ao presidencialismo de coalizão. Entre as atividades realizadas na CME, o expressivo número de audiências públicas realizadas, além do quantitativo significante de membros que permaneceram na comissão durante a legislatura anterior, indicam a predominância de caráter informacional no colegiado. Por fim, pesquisa midiática aponta para a relevância do campo temático da CME, cujos temas constaram inequivocamente dos principais jornais durante o período estudado. O caráter informacional e assuntos expressivos como o PAC e o Pré-Sal estão entre as razões que conduziram à maior relevância da comissão.

Labores forestales en Gipuzkoa durante los siglos XVI-XVIII

Número monográfico publicado bajo el título:" Mendia, gizartea eta kultura. Montaña, sociedad y cultura. Montagne, societé et culture".

Energia-teknologia: taulak eta abakoak

Helburuak: Ikasmaterial honen helburu nagusiak honako hauek dira: Beroaren transmisioa irakasteko behar diren taula, abako eta korrelazio batzuk biltzea, ikasleak ikasturtean zehar irakasgaia hobeto jarrai dezan. Horretaz gain energia-teknologiako beste arlo batzuen (errekuntza, aire hezea eta hozte teknologia) taulak eta abakoak biltzea ere. Gai hauekin erlazionaturiko ariketa multzoa ere ageri da testuan emaitzekin. Norentzat: Industria Ingeniaritzako 4. mailako ikasleentzat. Baita Ingeniaritza Kimikoan Beroaren Transmisioa ikasten dabiltzan 2. mailako ikasleentzat, edota Industria Antolakuntzan bigarren zikloko lehenengo mailako ikasleentzat. 2010-11 ikasturtetik aurrera indarrean egongo diren gradu ikasketetan bigarren mailan irakatsiko den Termoteknia izeneko irakasgaian lagungarria ere izango da.

Istoria delle guerre del Regno del Brasile : accadute tra la corona di Portogallo e la Republica di Olanda, composta, ed offerta alla sagra reale maesda di Pietro Secondo, Re di Portogallo & C. dal P. F. Gio. Gioseppe di S. Teresa Carmelitano Scalzo : Parte prima e Parte seconda

As negociações entre Portugal e Holanda a respeito da devolução dos territórios portugueses ocupados se desenvolveram ao longo de um decênio. As propostas iniciais de Portugal referiam-se aos territórios ocupados pelos holandeses na África e no Maranhão. Estão no raríssimo folheto.