Relatório de estágio de intervenção comunitária

O Mestrado em Enfermagem, com Especialização em Enfermagem Comunitária, visa a aquisição e desenvolvimento de competências para o exercício autónomo, auto refletido e com poder de avaliação critica sobre os cuidados prestados e a sua qualidade no que diz respeito aos vários níveis de prevenção do cliente comunidade. O presente relatório, realizado no âmbito da unidade curricular de Estágio, pretende descrever, analisar e refletir sobre o percurso da construção de competências específicas para a intervenção especializada em Enfermagem Comunitária e de Saúde Pública. Ele propõe-se sintetizar as etapas de crescimento pessoal e profissional que permitem uma melhoria da qualidade dos cuidados prestados, um maior desenvolvimento profissional e a melhoria da satisfação dos grupos e comunidades onde decorreram as intervenções. Nele se demonstram as competências desenvolvidas e que convergem nos objetivos académicos definidos por este Mestrado, bem como no perfil de competências preconizado pela Ordem dos Enfermeiros para o desempenho autónomo de cuidados especializados de Enfermagem a grupos e comunidades. O módulo de estágio consistiu no desenvolvimento de um Projeto de Intervenção Comunitária, baseado na metodologia do Planeamento em Saúde, com o objetivo geral de Promover a capacitação e o empoderamento dos adolescentes da E.S.S.L. no âmbito de uma sexualidade saudável e responsável. Na intervenção em enfermagem avançada na comunidade e dando resposta aos problemas/necessidades identificados, foram realizadas sessões de Educação para a Saúde como estratégia de promoção e proteção da saúde e de prevenção da doença, com a finalidade de se atingir o grau de excelência na qualidade de vida e obter ganhos em saúde. A Educação para a Saúde numa ação essencialmente voltada para a Promoção da Saúde desempenha um papel fundamental na capacitação dos indivíduos para a aquisição de hábitos de vida saudáveis e consequentemente na obtenção de ganhos em saúde. A possibilidade de ocorrerem transformações sobre as condições de vida e de saúde nas comunidades depende do acesso a determinadas formas de conhecimento, e a Educação para a Saúde tem um papel significativo face à melhoria das condições de vida e de saúde das populações. Após a intervenção, e ainda que não seja possível avaliar o impacto deste projeto, podemos constatar que as metas estabelecidas foram todas superadas e até ultrapassadas, assim como os objetivos que tinham sido delineados. Observa-se um grau de satisfação em geral com as sessões de Educação para a Saúde desenvolvidas de 98,1%. Esperamos que com a nossa intervenção, as competências pessoais e sociais adquiridas possam ser desenvolvidas e utilizadas para melhorar a vivência da Sexualidade na Adolescência. No entanto, temos consciência de que a intervenção na área da promoção e prevenção, deve ser um trabalho contínuo e dinâmico para se conseguir ganhos em saúde, com resultados a médio/longo prazo

O livro – um recurso transversal

Dissertação de Mestrado, Educação Pré-Escolar, Escola Superior de Educação e Comunicação, Universidade do Algarve, 2016

Chinese Outward Foreign Direct Investment: A Review of Empirical Research

In the past decade, Chinese outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) has become a major element of global capital flows. As a consequence, recent years have witnessed an increasing growth in the number of papers focusing on Chinese companies “going global.” This paper reviews 112 empirical papers focusing on Chinese OFDI that were published in major scholarly journals between 2002 and 2014. We report on individual and institutional contributions, citations, the theories and methods used and the research topics. We also identify the research gaps and discuss the implications of our literature review for future theory building.

Agroindustria rural, acción colectiva y SIALES: ¿Desarrollo o lucha contra la pobreza?

El desarrollo y reforzamiento de los sistemas agroalimentarios localizados, conjuntos de pequeñas unidades de agroindustria rural, pueden considerarse como un medio importante de reducción de la pobreza en las regiones rurales de América Latina.   Sin embargo, la validez de tal propuesta tiene que ser valorada, teniendo en cuenta los siguientes elementos: La dinámica de los SIALES radica en procesos de activación de recursos específicos, que son productos de la acción colectiva. Forman parte de cadenas con una gobernabilidad caracterizada por el dominio de actores de debajo de la cadena, tal como las grandes distribuidoras. La pobreza no se define únicamente por la falta de recursos monetarios, sino también por la falta de capacidades.   La eficacia de la acción colectiva de activación de los recursos específicos yace en la capacidad de control de estos recursos por parte de los actores involucrados, hasta con el diseño de dispositivos de exclusión acerca de ellos, lo que puede con llevar la marginalización de otros actores. Es una necesidad tanto más apremiante cuanto más ubica el SIAL en un contexto de mercado globalizado. El caso de las señales de calidad basadas en el origen territorial de los productos lo ilustra. Por otra parte, la dinámica de los SIALES puede conllevar a profundizar las capacidades, especialmente a través de procesos de aprendizaje. Las políticas públicas pueden reforzar el proceso, proporcionando bienes públicos y fomentando procesos participativos a nivel local.   Al final el desarrollo de los SIALES no constituye de por sí una garantía de reducción de las desigualdades, pero refuerza las capacidades y además es un tipo de cambio estructural, de los que se suelen asociar con la noción de desarrollo.   ABSTRACT The development of Local agri-food systems (LAS), as clusters of small rural food-processing units, can be seen as a powerful means of poverty alleviation in rural areas of Latin America.   The relevance of such a statement must, nevertheless, be assessed in the light of the following elements: LAS dynamics rest on activation processes of specific resources, as a result of collective action. LAS are part of commodity chains whose governance is characterized by the domination of downstream actors such as large retailers. Poverty does not only refer to the shortage of monetary income, but also to the absence of capacities.   The efficiency of collective action involved in the activation process of specific resources depends on the capacity of relevant actors to control the access. As a result, other actors can be cast aside in the process. It is true that these resources must be valorized in a globalized market. The case of quality signals based on geographical origin can be an example of that. On the other side, LAS dynamics can boost the development of capacities, particularly by promoting learning by doing. Public policies can channel tis process by delivering public goods and promoting participation at a local level.   All in all, the development of LAS is not per se a guarantee against the deepening of inequality. But it is a capacity-building factor and entails structural changes which are yhe essence of development processes.

Le rôle des parents croyants non pratiquants dans l'initiation à la vie chrétienne des enfants de 8 à 12 ans : en complémentarité avec celui des intervenants en paroisse.

Cette-recherche-action émerge d’une problématique élaborée à partir de l’observation des pratiques catéchétiques à la paroisse Saint-Joachim dans le diocèse de Montréal. L’essentiel du projet se situe en théologie pratique, menée dans le cadre de la praxéologie pastorale. Un premier chapitre situe l’historique de la catéchèse en paroisse. Le deuxième déploie l’observation de la pratique à partir des pôles structurels et des fonctions d’élaboration, mais aussi par la mise à contribution des parents qui ont accepté de répondre à un questionnaire. Le troisième pose la problématique de la mise à l’écart des parents dans l’éducation à la foi et est suivi d’une interprétation sur un changement de posture et un appel à la coéducation dans la foi tout en prenant compte des évolutions des familles à l’égard du religieux. Cela est fait à partir de référents théologiques principalement, enrichis de référents dans les domaines de l’éducation et des sciences sociales. Des pistes à envisager avec les parents et avec les catéchètes sont ensuite formulées, avec un accent mis sur la pratique du dialogue pastoral et la notion d’accompagnement, et également en faisant le lien avec les différentes dimensions de la vie chrétienne. Le dernier chapitre veut offrir une prospective dans la transmission de la foi en révélant le rôle missionnaire de la catéchèse qui s’accorde avec la nouvelle évangélisation et la pastorale des familles.

Le partenariat intersectoriel : une stratégie gagnante pour la prévention et la gestion du diabète de type 2 dans un contexte de diversité.

Rapport de stage présenté à la Faculté des sciences infirmières en vue de l'obtention du grade de Maître ès sciences (M.Sc.) en sciences infirmières option expertise-conseil en soins infirmiers

A REPORT ON THE MITEP PROGRAM AND ITS IMPACT ON MY TEACHING

This report has two major objectives. First, the results of an action research project conducted at my high school concerning the use of graphic organizers and their effects on students' written expression abilities. The findings from this action research project indicate that the use of graphic organizers can prove beneficial to students. The second major objective of this report is to provide a reflection and evaluation of my experiences as a participant in the Michigan Teacher Excellence Program (MiTEP). This program provided middle and high school science teachers with an opportunity to develop research based pedagogy techniques and develop the skill necessary to serve as leaders within the public school science community. The action research project described in the first chapter of this report was a collaborative project I participated in during my enrollment in ED 5705 at Michigan Technological University. I worked closely with two other teachers in my building - Brytt Ergang and James Wright. We met several times to develop a research question, and a procedure for testing our question. Each of us investigated how the use of graphic organizers by students in our classroom might impact their performance on writing assessments. We each collected data from several of our classes. In my case I collected data from 2 different classes over 2 different assignments. Our data was collected and the results analyzed separately from classroom to classroom. After the individual classroom data and corresponding analysis was compiled my fellow collaborators and I got together to discuss our findings. We worked together to write a conclusion based on our combined results in all of our classes.

Investigating the effects of cognitive apprenticeship-based instructional coaching on science teaching efficacy beliefs

The overall purpose of this collected papers dissertation was to examine the utility of a cognitive apprenticeship-based instructional coaching (CAIC) model for improving the science teaching efficacy beliefs (STEB) of preservice and inservice elementary teachers. Many of these teachers perceive science as a difficult subject and feel inadequately prepared to teach it. However, teacher efficacy beliefs have been noted as the strongest indicator of teacher quality, the variable most highly correlated with student achievement outcomes. The literature is scarce on strong, evidence-based theoretical models for improving STEB.^ This dissertation is comprised of two studies. STUDY #1 was a sequential explanatory mixed-methods study investigating the impact of a reformed CAIC elementary science methods course on the STEB of 26 preservice teachers. Data were collected using the Science Teaching Efficacy Belief Instrument (STEBI-B) and from six post-course interviews. A statistically significant increase in STEB was observed in the quantitative strand. The qualitative data suggested that the preservice teachers perceived all of the CAIC methods as influential, but the significance of each method depended on their unique needs and abilities. ^ STUDY #2 was a participatory action research case study exploring the utility of a CAIC professional development program for improving the STEB of five Bahamian inservice teachers and their competency in implementing an inquiry-based curriculum. Data were collected from pre- and post-interviews and two focus group interviews. Overall, the inservice teachers perceived the intervention as highly effective. The scaffolding and coaching were the CAIC methods portrayed as most influential in developing their STEB, highlighting the importance of interpersonal relationship aspects in successful instructional coaching programs. The teachers also described the CAIC approach as integral in supporting their learning to implement the new inquiry-based curriculum. ^ The overall findings hold important implications for science education reform, including its potential to influence how preservice teacher training and inservice teacher professional development in science are perceived and implemented. Additionally, given the noteworthy results obtained over the relatively short durations, CAIC interventions may also provide an effective means of achieving improvements in preservice and inservice teachers’ STEB more expeditiously than traditional approaches.^

Le rôle des parents croyants non pratiquants dans l'initiation à la vie chrétienne des enfants de 8 à 12 ans : en complémentarité avec celui des intervenants en paroisse

Cette-recherche-action émerge d’une problématique élaborée à partir de l’observation des pratiques catéchétiques à la paroisse Saint-Joachim dans le diocèse de Montréal. L’essentiel du projet se situe en théologie pratique, menée dans le cadre de la praxéologie pastorale. Un premier chapitre situe l’historique de la catéchèse en paroisse. Le deuxième déploie l’observation de la pratique à partir des pôles structurels et des fonctions d’élaboration, mais aussi par la mise à contribution des parents qui ont accepté de répondre à un questionnaire. Le troisième pose la problématique de la mise à l’écart des parents dans l’éducation à la foi et est suivi d’une interprétation sur un changement de posture et un appel à la coéducation dans la foi tout en prenant compte des évolutions des familles à l’égard du religieux. Cela est fait à partir de référents théologiques principalement, enrichis de référents dans les domaines de l’éducation et des sciences sociales. Des pistes à envisager avec les parents et avec les catéchètes sont ensuite formulées, avec un accent mis sur la pratique du dialogue pastoral et la notion d’accompagnement, et également en faisant le lien avec les différentes dimensions de la vie chrétienne. Le dernier chapitre veut offrir une prospective dans la transmission de la foi en révélant le rôle missionnaire de la catéchèse qui s’accorde avec la nouvelle évangélisation et la pastorale des familles.

Le partenariat intersectoriel : une stratégie gagnante pour la prévention et la gestion du diabète de type 2 dans un contexte de diversité

Rapport de stage présenté à la Faculté des sciences infirmières en vue de l'obtention du grade de Maître ès sciences (M.Sc.) en sciences infirmières option expertise-conseil en soins infirmiers

"Going outside": discussing the connection between pedagogical practices with digital tools and outdoor learning in early childhood and primary education

Technology has an important role in children's lives and education. Based on several projects developed with ICT, both in Early Childhood Education (3-6 years old) and Primary Education (6-10 years old), since 1997, the authors argue that research and educational practices need to "go outside", addressing ways to connect technology with outdoor education. The experience with the projects and initiatives developed supported a conceptual framework, developed and discussed with several partners throughout the years and theoretically informed. Three main principles or axis have emerged: strengthening Children's Participation, promoting Critical Citizenship and establishing strong Connections to Pedagogy and Curriculum. In this paper, those axis will be presented and discussed in relation to the challenge posed by Outdoor Education to the way ICT in Early Childhood and Primary Education is understood, promoted and researched. The paper is exploratory, attempting to connect theoretical and conceptual contributions from Early Childhood Pedagogy with contributions from ICT in Education. The research-based knowledge available is still scarce, mostly based on studies developed with other purposes. The paper, therefore, focus the connections and interpellations between concepts established through the theoretical framework and draws on the almost 20 years of experience with large and small scale action-research projects of ICT in schools. The more recent one is already testing the conceptual framework by supporting children in non-formal contexts to explore vineyards and the cycle of wine production with several ICT tools. Approaching Outdoor Education as an arena where pedagogical and cultural dimensions influence decisions and practices, the paper tries to argue that the three axis are relevant in supporting a stronger connection between technology and the outdoor.

Emotional competences and promotion of school success: Preliminary data of an intervention programme with teachers

Teachers’ emotional competences and well-being are fundamentally important to developing and maintaining positive relationships in the classroom, which can contribute to improving pedagogical action. References to several intervention programmes are found in the literature with the purpose of changing the practices, attitudes, and beliefs of teachers, who show evidence of a significant improvement in personal competences and school success. Therefore, an intervention with teachers integrating a broader line of research was carried out, involving parents and students as well. It consists of a programme which promotes personal (well-being and emotional intelligence) and professional (acquiring differentiated pedagogical strategies) competences over a period of six months, followed by a focus group to assess the contribution of an empowerment programme with the intention of promoting school success. The preliminary action-research study involved 10 teachers of two classes with students who show disruptive behaviour in the 7th year in a school in the central region of Portugal. The teachers, of both genders, are aged between 44 and 52, and belong to several recruitment groups. The main research question was: “To what extent does an intervention programme, intended for training, contribute to developing personal and professional competences in teachers of the 3rd cycle of basic education?” The teachers revealed a rather favourable view of their participation in the programme, considering that it helped them perceive some behaviours and practices which are less adjusted to their action in the classroom with these students (shouting, scolding, etc.). From the pretest to the posttest, statistically significant differences were found in assessing their own emotions and in their use. Signs of improvement in positive affections and satisfaction with life were also found, though with a marginal significance. The preliminary data in this empowerment programme for these educational agents points towards the importance of teachers’ awareness in what concerns their pedagogical action, as well as the need to change traditional pedagogical practices that contribute to discouraging students towards learning. The need to establish closer and systematic contact with the students and their families in order to meet their needs and expectations was also highlighted.

Reflections on using a community-based and multisystem approach to transforming school-based intervention for children with developmental motor disorders

Evidence-based management of Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) in school-age children requires putting into practice the best and most current research findings, including evidence that early identification, self-management, prevention of secondary disability, and enhanced participation are the most appropriate foci of school-based occupational therapy. Partnering for Change (P4C) is a new school-based intervention based upon these principles that has been developed and evaluated in Ontario, Canada over an 8-year period. Our experience to date indicates that its implementation in schools is highly complex with involvement of multiple stakeholders across health and education sectors. In this paper, we describe and reflect upon our team’s experience in using community-based participatory action research, knowledge translation, and implementation science to transform evidence-informed practice with children who have DCD.

Emprendimiento, instituciones y construcción de paz – Análisis de Influencia de Stakeholders en los departamentos de Nariño y Cauca

Nariño y Cauca son dos de los departamentos de Colombia más afectados por la violencia. La reciente firma de un acuerdo de un cese bilateral de hostilidades con las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (FARC) y los diálogos de La Habana son apenas el comienzo de la Construcción de Paz (CP) que implica el esfuerzo continuo de diferentes actores (gubernamentales, sector privado, sociedad civil y organismos multilaterales) para lograr no solo una paz negativa sino una paz positiva. El apoyo al emprendimiento es una estrategia implementada por el Gobierno y por los stakeholders que participan en el proceso del posconflicto, que tiene como finalidad respaldar el proceso de integración económica de las víctimas y desmovilizados. El presente documento es un estudio exploratorio elaborado por medio de una investigación cualitativa en la temática de emprendimiento, instituciones y CP en los departamentos de Nariño y Cauca. Se utilizó una estrategia metodológica denominada Matrices de Stakeholders para representar gráficamente la influencia institucional sobre la toma decisiones e implementación de los stakeholders sobre las reformas o políticas de emprendimiento y CP en estos dos departamentos. En esta investigación se encontró que i) en general, las instituciones del gobierno de los de Nariño y Cauca son extractivas y limitan la participación de la sociedad; ii) los stakeholders de la sociedad civil a pesar de tener cierta organización y voz no están en capacidad de generar influencia más que a nivel local o comunitario; iii) los vacíos dejados por las instituciones extractivas del gobierno tienden a ser llenados por instituciones inclusivas de stakeholders del sector privado y de organismos multilaterales.