Sleep-related changes in blood pressure in hypocretin-deficient narcoleptic mice

Objectives. Blood pressure (BP) physiologically has higher and lower values during the active and rest period, respectively. Subjects failing to show the appropriate BP decrease (10-20%) on passing form diurnal activity to nocturnal rest and sleep have increased risk of target organ damage at the cardiac, vascular and cerebrovascular levels. Hypocretin (HCRT) releasing neurons, mainly located in the lateral hypothalamus, project widely to the central nervous system. Thus HCRT neurons are involved in several autonomic functions, including BP regulation. HCRT neurons also play a key role in wake-sleep cycle regulation, the lack of which becomes evident in HCRT-deficient narcoleptic patients. I investigated whether chronic lack of HCRT signaling alters BP during sleep in mouse models of narcolepsy. Methods. The main study was performed on HCRT-ataxin3 transgenic mice (TG) with selective post-natal ablation of HCRT neurons, HCRT gene knockout mice (KO) with preserved HCRT neurons, and Wild-Type control mice (WT) with identical genetic background. Experiments where replicated on TG and WT mice with hybrid genetic background (hTG and hWT, respectively). Mice were implanted with a telemetric pressure transducer (TA11PA-C10, DSI) and electrodes for discriminating wakefulness (W), rapid-eye-movement sleep (REMS) and non-REMS (NREMS). Signals were recorded for 3 days. Mean BP values were computed in each wake-sleep state and analyzed by ANOVA and t-test with significance at p<0.05. Results. The decrease in BP between either NREMS or REMS and W was significantly blunted in TG and KO with respect to WT as well as in hTG with respect to hWT. Conclusions. Independently from the genetic background, chronic HCRT deficiency leads to a decreased BP difference between W and sleep potentially adverse in narcoleptic subjects. These data suggest that HCRT play an important role in the sleep-dependent cardiovascular control.

Measurement of the differential cross section of tt pairs in pp collision at sqrt(s) = 7TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

In this thesis three measurements of top-antitop differential cross section at an energy in the center of mass of 7 TeV will be shown, as a function of the transverse momentum, the mass and the rapidity of the top-antitop system. The analysis has been carried over a data sample of about 5/fb recorded with the ATLAS detector. The events have been selected with a cut based approach in the "one lepton plus jets" channel, where the lepton can be either an electron or a muon. The most relevant backgrounds (multi-jet QCD and W+jets) have been extracted using data driven methods; the others (Z+ jets, diboson and single top) have been simulated with Monte Carlo techniques. The final, background-subtracted, distributions have been corrected, using unfolding methods, for the detector and selection effects. At the end, the results have been compared with the theoretical predictions. The measurements are dominated by the systematic uncertainties and show no relevant deviation from the Standard Model predictions.

Chirale Störungsrechnung im Sektor ungerader innerer Parität bis zur chiralen Ordnung O(q 6)

Die vorliegende Dissertation behandelt den anomalen Sektor bzw. den Sektor ungerader innerer Parität in mesonischer chiraler Störungsrechnung (mesonische ChPT) bis zur chiralen Ordnung O(q^6). Auf eine Einführung in die Quantenchromodynamik (QCD) und ihrer Verknüpfung mit der chiralen Symmetrie folgt die Betrachtung der mesonischen ChPT im Sektor gerader sowie ungerader innerer Parität bis zur Ordnung O(q^4). Der sogenannte Wess-Zumino-Witten Term, welcher den Einfluss der axialen Anomalie bezogen auf die ChPT widerspiegelt, wird studiert. Anschließend wird die allgemeinste Lagrangedichte der Ordnung O(q^6) im Sektor ungerader innerer Parität detailiert analysiert. Sie enthält in ihrer SU(3)-Formulierung 23 Niederenergiekonstanten(low-energy constant=LEC). Aus Sicht der ChPT sind diese LECs freie Parameter, die auf irgendeine Art und Weise fixiert werden müssen. Es wird herausgearbeitet, bei welchen Prozessen und in welchen Kombinationen die jeweiligen LECs auftreten. Daraufhin wird versucht so viele dieser LECs wie möglich mittels Vektormesondominanz (VMD) sowie experimenteller Daten abzuschätzen und anzupassen. Hierfür wird zuerst die Vorgehensweise einer konsistenten Rechnung im Sektor ungerader innerer Parität bis zur Ordnung O(q^6) studiert, gefolgt von der Berechnung von insgesamt vierzehn geeigneten Prozessen im Rahmen der ChPT bis zur Ordnung O(q^6). Unter Verwendung experimenteller Daten werden dreizehn der LECs angepasst, wobei gegenwärtig nicht bei allen betrachteten Prozessen experimentelle Daten zur Verfügung stehen. Die Ergebnisse werden diskutiert und Unterschiede bzw. Übereinstimmungen mit anderen Rechnungen herausgearbeitet. Zusammenfassend erhält man einen umfassenden Einblick in den Sektor ungerader innerer Parität in mesonischer ChPT bis zur Ordnung O(q^6).

Structure formation as studied by EPR spectroscopy: From simple solutions to nanoparticles

In this thesis, three nitroxide based ionic systems were used to investigate structure and dynamics of their respective solutions in mixed solvents by means of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectroscopy at X- and W-band (9.5 and 94.5 GHz, respectively). rnFirst, the solvation of the inorganic radical Fremy’s salt (K2ON(SO3)2) in isotope substituted binary solvent mixtures (methanol/water) was investigated by means of high-field (W-band) pulse ENDOR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. From the analysis of orientation-selective 1H and 2H ENDOR spectra the principal components of the hyperfine coupling (hfc) tensor for chemically different protons (alcoholic methyl vs. exchangeable protons) were obtained. The methyl protons of the organic solvent approach with a mean distance of 3.5 Å perpendicular to the approximate plane spanned by ON(S)2 of the probe molecule. Exchangeable protons were found to be distributed isotropically, approaching closest to Fremy’s salt from the hydrogen-bonded network around the sulfonate groups. The distribution of exchangeable and methyl protons as found in MD simulations is in full agreement with the ENDOR results. The solvation was found to be similar for the studied solvent ratios between 1:2.3 and 2.3:1 and dominated by an interplay of H-bond (electrostatic) interactions and steric considerations with the NO group merely involved into H-bonds.rnFurther, the conformation of spin labeled poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) solutions in aqueous alcohol (methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, ethylene glycol, glycerol) mixtures in dependence of divalent sodium sulfate was investigated with double electron-electron resonance (DEER) spectroscopy. The DEER data was analyzed using the worm-like chain model which suggests that in organic-water solvent mixtures the polymer backbones are preferentially solvated by the organic solvent. We found a less serve impact on conformational changes due to salt than usually predicted in polyelectrolyte theory which stresses the importance of a delicate balance of hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions, in particular in the presence of organic solvents.rnFinally, the structure and dynamics of miniemulsions and polymerdispersions prepared with anionic surfactants, that were partially replaced by a spin labeled fatty acid in presence and absence of a lanthanide beta-diketonate complex was characterized by CW EPR spectroscopy. Such miniemulsions form multilayers with the surfactant head group bound to the lanthanide ion. Beta-diketonates were formerly used as NMR shift reagents and nowadays find application as luminescent materials in OLEDs and LCDs and as contrast agent in MRT. The embedding of the complex into a polymer matrix results in an easy processable material. It was found that the structure formation takes place in miniemulsion and is preserved during polymerization. For surfactants with carboxyl-head group a higher order of the alkyl chains and less lateral diffusion is found than for sulfat-head groups, suggesting a more uniform and stronger coordination to the metal ion. The stability of these bilayers depends on the temperature and the used surfactant which should be considered for the used polymerization temperature if a maximum output of the structured regions is wished.

The search for the neutron electric dipole moment

A permanent electric dipole moment of the neutron violates time reversal as well as parity symmetry. Thus it also violates the combination of charge conjugation and parity symmetry if the combination of all three symmetries is a symmetry of nature. The violation of these symmetries could help to explain the observed baryon content of the Universe. The prediction of the Standard Model of particle physics for the neutron electric dipole moment is only about 10e−32 ecm. At the same time the combined violation of charge conjugation and parity symmetry in the Standard Model is insufficient to explain the observed baryon asymmetry of the Universe. Several extensions to the Standard Model can explain the observed baryon asymmetry and also predict values for the neutron electric dipole moment just below the current best experimental limit of d n < 2.9e−26 ecm, (90% C.L.) that has been obtained by the Sussex-RAL-ILL collaboration in 2006. The very same experiment that set the current best limit on the electric dipole moment has been upgraded and moved to the Paul Scherrer Institute. Now an international collaboration is aiming at increasing the sensitivity for an electric dipole moment by more than an order of magnitude. This thesis took place in the frame of this experiment and went along with the commissioning of the experiment until first data taking. After a short layout of the theoretical background in chapter 1, the experiment with all subsystems and their performance are described in detail in chapter 2. To reach the goal sensitivity the control of systematic errors is as important as an increase in statistical sensitivity. Known systematic efects are described and evaluated in chapter 3. During about ten days in 2012, a first set of data was measured with the experiment at the Paul Scherrer Institute. An analysis of this data is presented in chapter 4, together with general tools developed for future analysis eforts. The result for the upper limit of an electric dipole moment of the neutron is |dn| ≤ 6.4e−25 ecm (95%C.L.). Chapter 5 presents investigations for a next generation experiment, to build electrodes made partly from insulating material. Among other advantages, such electrodes would reduce magnetic noise, generated by the thermal movement of charge carriers. The last Chapter summarizes this work and gives an outlook.

Laserablation von oxidischen Multilagenstrukturen zur Untersuchung von heteroepitaktischen Grenzflächenzuständen

Die Deposition von dünnen, metallischen Schichten auf Silizium-Substraten stellt bereits seit Jahrzehnten die wichtigste Möglichkeit dar, um die wachsenden Anforderungen der Speichertechnologien zu erfüllen. Obwohl Multilagenstrukturen aus oxidischen Schichten eine nahezu unerschöpfliche Vielfalt an neuen Effekten bieten, kommen diese aktuell nur in Nischenanwendungen zum Einsatz. Der Fokus dieser Arbeit liegt auf dem Verständnis von Phänomenen, die nur an Grenzflächensystemen zu beobachten sind. Die Basis der Untersuchungen stellten die Präparation der Multilagenstrukturen durch Laserablation dar. Eine Untersuchung der strukturellen Eigenschaften von multiferroischen BiFeO3 (BFO)-Schichten erlaubte eine Analyse der Wachstumsmodi und der Symmetrie der Einheitszelle von BFO unter heteroepitaktischer Verspannung. Durch Piezokraftmikroskopie konnte die ferroelektrische Domänenstruktur dünner BFO-Schichten analysiert werden. Die Abbildung der magnetischen Domänenstruktur der ferromagnetischen La0,67Sr0,33MnO3 (LSMO)-Schicht und der antiferromagnetischen BFO-Schicht einer Bilagenstruktur durch Photoemissionselektronenmikroskopie erlaubte eine Analyse der Austauschkopplung an der Grenzfläche. Durch elektronische Rekonstruktion entsteht an der LaAlO3 (LAO) /SrTiO3 (STO)-Grenzfläche ein leitfähiger, quasi-zweidimensionaler Zustand. Dessen Transporteigenschaften wurden mit einem Schwerpunkt auf deren Beeinflussung durch ein elektrisches Feld charakterisiert. Diese Ergebnisse führten zur Implementierung einer ferroelektrischen BFO-Schicht zur Manipulation der Leitfähigkeit an der LAO/STO-Grenzfläche. Die Kontrolle des Widerstandes eines mikrostrukturierten Bereichs durch die Polarisation der BFO-Schicht erlaubt die Nutzung der Struktur als Speichertechnologie.

Dosimetric impact of geometric errors due to respiratory motion prediction on dynamic multileaf collimator-based four-dimensional radiation delivery

The synchronization of dynamic multileaf collimator (DMLC) response with respiratory motion is critical to ensure the accuracy of DMLC-based four dimensional (4D) radiation delivery. In practice, however, a finite time delay (response time) between the acquisition of tumor position and multileaf collimator response necessitates predictive models of respiratory tumor motion to synchronize radiation delivery. Predicting a complex process such as respiratory motion introduces geometric errors, which have been reported in several publications. However, the dosimetric effect of such errors on 4D radiation delivery has not yet been investigated. Thus, our aim in this work was to quantify the dosimetric effects of geometric error due to prediction under several different conditions. Conformal and intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) plans for a lung patient were generated for anterior-posterior/posterior-anterior (AP/PA) beam arrangements at 6 and 18 MV energies to provide planned dose distributions. Respiratory motion data was obtained from 60 diaphragm-motion fluoroscopy recordings from five patients. A linear adaptive filter was employed to predict the tumor position. The geometric error of prediction was defined as the absolute difference between predicted and actual positions at each diaphragm position. Distributions of geometric error of prediction were obtained for all of the respiratory motion data. Planned dose distributions were then convolved with distributions for the geometric error of prediction to obtain convolved dose distributions. The dosimetric effect of such geometric errors was determined as a function of several variables: response time (0-0.6 s), beam energy (6/18 MV), treatment delivery (3D/4D), treatment type (conformal/IMRT), beam direction (AP/PA), and breathing training type (free breathing/audio instruction/visual feedback). Dose difference and distance-to-agreement analysis was employed to quantify results. Based on our data, the dosimetric impact of prediction (a) increased with response time, (b) was larger for 3D radiation therapy as compared with 4D radiation therapy, (c) was relatively insensitive to change in beam energy and beam direction, (d) was greater for IMRT distributions as compared with conformal distributions, (e) was smaller than the dosimetric impact of latency, and (f) was greatest for respiration motion with audio instructions, followed by visual feedback and free breathing. Geometric errors of prediction that occur during 4D radiation delivery introduce dosimetric errors that are dependent on several factors, such as response time, treatment-delivery type, and beam energy. Even for relatively small response times of 0.6 s into the future, dosimetric errors due to prediction could approach delivery errors when respiratory motion is not accounted for at all. To reduce the dosimetric impact, better predictive models and/or shorter response times are required.

Prediction of the thermal release of transactinide elements (112 ≤ Z ≤ 116) from metals

Metallic catcher foils have been investigated on their thermal release capabilities for future superheavy element studies. These catcher materials shall serve as connection between production and chemical investigation of superheavy elements (SHE) at vacuum conditions. The diffusion constants and activation energies of diffusion have been extrapolated for various catcher materials using an atomic volume based model. Release rates can now be estimated for predefined experimental conditions using the determined diffusion values. The potential release behavior of the volatile SHE Cn (E112), E113, Fl (E114), E115, and Lv (E116) from polycrystalline, metallic foils of Ni, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, and W is predicted. Example calculations showed that Zr is the best suited material in terms of on-line release efficiency and long-term operation stability. If higher temperatures up to 2773 K are applicable, tungsten is suggested to be the material of choice for such experiments.

Current Resources

Reviews of: Children Who Could Have Been: The Legacy of Child Welfare in Wealthy America. (1999) William M. Epstein Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press Reviewed by: Leroy H Pelton Skills for Families Skills for Life. (1999) Linda M. Shadoin, Joni Cook-Griffin, and JaneL. Peterson. Nebraska: Boys Town Press. Reviewed by Shelley Leavitt Attachment Disorganization. (1999) J. and George C. Solomon, Eds. New York: The Guilford Press. Reviewed by Alice Chornesky Infants. Toddlers. and Families: A Framework for Support and Intervention. (1999) Martha Farrell Erickson and Karen Kurz-Riemer.New York: The Guilford Press.Reviewed by Halaevalu F. Vakalahi Solution-Based Casework: An Introduction to Clinical and Case Management Skills in Casework Practice. (1999) D. N. Christensen, J. Todahl, and W. C. Barrett New York: Aldine De Gruyter.Reviewed by Charles H Huber Childhood Sexual Abuse: An Evidence-Based Perspective. (1999) David M. Fergusson and Paul E. Mullen Thousand Oaks, Sage Publications, Inc.Reviewed by Elaine S. LeVine Spiritual Resources in Family Therapy. (1999) F. Walsh. New York: Guilford Press.Reviewed by David Derezotes

Bos indicus introgression into (peri-)alpine cattle breeds - evidence from the analysis of bovine whey protein variants.

The major bovine whey proteins, α-lactalbumin (α-LA) and β-lactoglobulin (β-LG), exhibit breed-specific genetic variation. The aim of this study was to identify possible new protein variants and determine the distribution of variants across a variety of 18 taurine and indicine cattle breeds applying a DNA-based sequencing approach. To this end, the open reading frames of the respective genes (LALBA and LGB) were sequenced in 476 animals. Within the LALBA gene, a previously unknown synonymous and a previously undesignated non-synonymous nucleotide exchange were identified. Furthermore, two known α-LA variants (A and B) and four known β-LG variants (A, B, C and W) were determined. The occurrence of typical indicine variants in some taurine cattle breeds, such as Suisse Eringer, German Hinterwälder and Hungarian Grey Steppe, further supports the hypothesis of ancient Bos indicus introgression into (peri-)alpine cattle breeds.

Dispersion relation for hadronic light-by-light scattering: theoretical foundations

In this paper we make a further step towards a dispersive description of the hadronic light-by-light (HLbL) tensor, which should ultimately lead to a data-driven evaluation of its contribution to (g − 2) μ . We first provide a Lorentz decomposition of the HLbL tensor performed according to the general recipe by Bardeen, Tung, and Tarrach, generalizing and extending our previous approach, which was constructed in terms of a basis of helicity amplitudes. Such a tensor decomposition has several advantages: the role of gauge invariance and crossing symmetry becomes fully transparent; the scalar coefficient functions are free of kinematic singularities and zeros, and thus fulfill a Mandelstam double-dispersive representation; and the explicit relation for the HLbL contribution to (g − 2) μ in terms of the coefficient functions simplifies substantially. We demonstrate explicitly that the dispersive approach defines both the pion-pole and the pion-loop contribution unambiguously and in a model-independent way. The pion loop, dispersively defined as pion-box topology, is proven to coincide exactly with the one-loop scalar QED amplitude, multiplied by the appropriate pion vector form factors.

Tandem Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Metallocene Adducts with Short Oligonucleotides

Metallocene dichlorides constitute a remarkable class of antineoplastic agents that are highly effective against several cancer cell lines. They were shown to accumulate in the DNA-rich region, which suggests DNA as the primary target. These compounds exhibit two cyclopentadienyl ligands and two labile halide ligands, resulting in a bent sandwich structure. The cis-dihalide motif is structurally related to the cis-chloro configuration of cisplatin and similar modes of action can thus be assumed. Cisplatin binds to two neighboring guanine nucleobases in DNA and consequently, distorts the double-helix, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and transcription. Platinum is classified as a soft Lewis acid and binds preferentially to the nitrogen atoms within the nucleobases. The metallocene dichlorides investigated in this study comprise the metal centers Ti, V, Nb, Mo, Hf, and W, which are classified as hard or intermediate Lewis acids, and thus, favor binding to the phosphate oxygen. Although several studies reported adduct formation of metallocene dichlorides with nucleic acids, substantial information about the adduct composition, the binding pattern, and the nucleobase selectivity has not been provided yet. ESI-MS analyses gave evidence for the formation of metallocene adducts (M = Ti, V, Mo, and W) with single-stranded DNA homologues at pH 7. No adducts were formed with Nb and Hf at neutral pH, albeit adducts with Nb were observed at a low pH. MS2 data revealed considerable differences of the adduct compositions. The product ion spectra of DNA adducts with hard Lewis acids (Ti, V) gave evidence for the loss of metallocene ligands and only moderate backbone fragmentation was observed. By contrast, adducts with intermediate Lewis acids (Mo, W) retained the hydroxy ligands. Preliminary results are in good agreement with the Pearson concept and DFT calculations. Since the metallodrugs were not lost upon CID, the nucleobase selectivity, stoichiometry, and binding patterns can be elucidated by means of tandem mass spectrometry.

Transcriptional regulation of tenascin genes

Extracellular matrix proteins of the tenascin family resemble each other in their domain structure, and also share functions in modulating cell adhesion and cellular responses to growth factors. Despite these common features, the 4 vertebrate tenascins exhibit vastly different expression patterns. Tenascin-R is specific to the central nervous system. Tenascin-C is an "oncofetal" protein controlled by many stimuli (growth factors, cytokines, mechanical stress), but with restricted occurrence in space and time. In contrast, tenascin-X is a constituitive component of connective tissues, and its level is barely affected by external factors. Finally, the expression of tenascin-W is similar to that of tenascin-C but even more limited. In accordance with their highly regulated expression, the promoters of the tenascin-C and -W genes contain TATA boxes, whereas those of the other 2 tenascins do not. This article summarizes what is currently known about the complex transcriptional regulation of the 4 tenascin genes in development and disease.

Proceedings of the Eighteenth Annual Biochemical Engineering Symposium

The eighteenth annual biochemical engineering symposium was held during April 22–23, 1988 at the YMCA of the Rockies conference center in Estes Park, Colorado, under the sponsorship of the University of Colorado. Previous symposia in this series have been hosted by Kansas State University (1st, 3rd, 5th, 9th, 12th, 16th), University of Nebraska-Lincoln (2nd, 4th), Iowa State University (6th, 7th, l0th, 13th, 17th), University of Missouri–Columbia (8th, 14th), and Colorado State University (11th, 15th). Next year's symposium is scheduled to be held at the University of Missouri-Columbia. The symposia are devoted to talks by students about their ongoing research. Because final publication usually takes place elsewhere, the papers included in the proceedings are brief, and often cover work in progress. ContentsApplications of mass spectrometers in biochemical engineeringJohn P. McDonald, Ayush Gupta, and Lourdes Taladriz, Kansas State University Enzymatic hydrolysis of corn gluten proteinsJulie Hardwick; Iowa State University Improved Acetone-Butanol Fermentation AnalysisZ. Buday; Colorado State University On-Line State Identification for Batch FermentationD. A. Gee and W. F. Ramirez; University of Colorado Role of Spargers in Air-Lift ReactorsPeter U. Sohn and Rakesh K. Bajpai; University of Missouri–Columbia The Interaction of Microcarriers and Turbulence within an Airlift FermenterG. Travis Jones; Kansas State University Oxygen Diffusion in the Inter-Fiber Gel/Cell Matrix of NMR-Compatible Hollow Fiber Bio-ReactorsS. L. Hanson, B. E. Dale, and R. J. Gillies; Colorado State University Characterization of Ca-alginate Gel Beads FormationHorngtwu Su, Rakesh K. Bajpai, and George W. Preckshot; University of Missouri–Columbia Metabolic Effects of Chloramphenicol Resistance in the Recombinant Host/Vector System: E. coli RRl [pBR329]William E. Bentley, Dana C. Andersen, Dhinakar S. Kompala, and Robert H. Davis; University of Colorado Genetic Engineering of Beta-Galactosidase to Aid in Fermentation Product Recovery by Polyelectrolyte PrecipitationD. E. Parker, C. E. Glatz, J. Zhao, C. F. Ford, S. M. Gendel, and M. A. Rougvie; Iowa State University Biodegradation of Organic Compounds in SoilLourdes Taladriz, L. E. Erickson, and L. T. Fan; Kansas State University Effect of Dilution, pH and Nutrient Composition on the Biodegradation of Metalworking FluidsAyush Gupta, L. E. Erickson, and L. T. Fan; Kansas State University Dissolved Hydrogen Correlation with Redox Potential in Acetone-Butanol FermentationXiangdong Zhou; Colorado State University Modeling of Ensiling Fermentation of Sweet SorghumA. K. Hilaly; Colorado State University

Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth Annual Biochemical Engineering Symposium

This volume contains the Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth Annual Biochemical Engineering Symposium held at Kansas State University on September 21, 1996. The program included 10 oral presentations and 14 posters. Some of the papers describe the progress of ongoing projects, and others contain the results of completed projects. Only brief summaries are given of some of the papers; many of the papers will be published in full elsewhere. A listing of those who attended is given below. ContentsForeign Protein Production from SV40 Early Promoter in Continuous Cultures of Recombinant CHO Cells - Gautam Banik, Paul Todd, and Dhinakar Kampala Enhanced Cell Recruitment Due to Cell-Cell Interactions - Brad Farlow and Matthias Nollert The Recirculation of Hybridoma Suspension Cultures: Effects on Cell Death, Metabolism and Mab Productivity - Peng Jin and Carole A. Heath The Importance of Enzyme Inactivation and Self-Recovery in Cometabolic Biodegradation of Chlorinated Solvents - Xi-Hui Zhang, Shanka Banerji, and Rakesh Bajpai Phytoremediation of VOC contaminated Groundwater using Poplar Trees - Melissa Miller, Jason Dana, L.C. Davis, Murlidharan Narayanan, and L.E. Erickson Biological Treatment of Off-Gases from Aluminum Can Production: Experimental Results and Mathematical Modeling - Adeyma Y. Arroyo, Julio Zimbron, and Kenneth F. Reardon Inertial Migration Based Separation of Chlorella Microalgae in Branched Tubes - N.M. Poflee, A.L. Rakow, D.S. Dandy, M.L. Chappell, and M.N. Pons Contribution of Electrochemical Charge to Protein Partitioning in Aqueous Two-Phase Systems - Weiyu Fan and Charles C. Glatz Biodegradation of Some Commercial Surfactants Used in Bioremediation - Jun Gu, G.W. Preckshot, S.K. Banerji, and Rakesh Bajpai Modeling the Role of Biomass in Heavy Metal Transport Ln Vadose Zone - K.V. Nedunuri, L.E. Erickson, and R.S. Govindaraju Multivariable Statistical Methods for Monitoring Process Quality: Application to Bioinsecticide Production by 73 89 Bacillus Thuringiensis - c. Puente and M.N. Karim The Use of Polymeric Flocculants in Bacterial Lysate Streams - H. Graham, A.S. Cibulskas and E.H. Dunlop Effect of Water Content on transport of Trichloroethylene in a Chamber with Alfalfa Plants - Muralidharan Narayanan, Jiang Hu, Lawrence C. Davis, and Larry E. Erickson Detection of Specific Microorganisms using the Arbitrary Primed PCR in the Bacterial Community of Vegetated Soil - X. Wu and L.C. Davis Flux Enhancement Using Backpulsing - V.T. Kuberkar and R.H. Davis Chromatographic Purification of Oligonucleotides: Comparison with Electrophoresis - Stephen P. Cape, Ching-Yuan Lee, Kevin Petrini, Sean Foree, Micheal G. Sportiello and Paul Todd Determining Singular Arc Control Policies for Bioreactor Systems Using a Modified Iterative Dynamic Programming Algorithm - Arun Tholudur and W. Fred Ramirez Pressure Effect on Subtilisins Measured via FTIR, EPR and Activity Assays, and Its Impact on Crystallizations - J.N. Webb, R.Y. Waghmare, M.G. Bindewald, T.W. Randolph, J.F. Carpenter, C.E. Glatz Intercellular Calcium Changes in Endothelial Cells Exposed to Flow - Laura Worthen and Matthias Nollert Application of Liquid-Liquid Extraction in Propionic Acid Fermentation - Zhong Gu, Bonita A. Glatz, and Charles E. Glatz Purification of Recombinant T4 Lysozyme from E. Coli: Ion-Exchange Chromatography - Weiyu Fan, Matt L. Thatcher, and Charles E. Glatz Recovery and Purification of Recombinant Beta-Glucuronidase from Transgenic Corn - Ann R. Kusnadi, Roque Evangelista, Zivko L. Nikolov, and John Howard Effects of Auxins and cytokinins on Formation of Catharanthus Roseus G. Don Multiple Shoots - Ying-Jin Yuan, Yu-Min Yang, Tsung-Ting Hu, and Jiang Hu Fate and Effect of Trichloroethylene as Nonaqueous Phase Liquid in Chambers with Alfalfa - Qizhi Zhang, Brent Goplen, Sara Vanderhoof, Lawrence c. Davis, and Larry E. Erickson Oxygen Transport and Mixing Considerations for Microcarrier Culture of Mammalian Cells in an Airlift Reactor - Sridhar Sunderam, Frederick R. Souder, and Marylee Southard Effects of Cyclic Shear Stress on Mammalian Cells under Laminar Flow Conditions: Apparatus and Methods - M.L. Rigney, M.H. Liew, and M.Z. Southard