As competências interculturais no processo de integração das imigrantes brasileiras em Cascais

A presente dissertação levou-nos a recolher excertos dos inquéritos, por entrevista, aplicados a oito mulheres participantes que nos ajudaram a compreender como as competências interculturais influenciaram o processo de integração em Cascais, Portugal. Ver o/a outro/a como igual apesar da sua diversidade cultural, sabendo colocar-nos no seu lugar pode parecer simples, no entanto, passar da teoria à prática exige a desconstrução da nossa perspetiva sobre o outro/a e de nós próprios. Neste processo acabamos por compilar um conjunto de informação qualitativa, que apresenta um método psicossocial de interação empático e conciliatório com os outros/as, pessoas, seres humanos como nós, livres de terem ideias e convicções diferentes das nossas. Apresentamos uma aplicação aberta à mudança, flexível e articulante de conhecimentos, concretamente das competências interculturais em constante plasticidade evolutiva.

National survey of the portuguese elderly nutritional status : study protocol

© 2016 The Author(s). Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

Mild cognitive impairment

Abstract Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a disease between normal cognitive ageing and dementia. In recent years the term MCI has been recognized as a pre-dementia state, raising an important subject for investigation in the prevention of dementia. There are various terms related to pre-dementia MCI, such as isolated memory complaint and pre-Alzheimer’s disease; most of them do not comprise all the areas related to MCI. A central cholinergic deficit is present in amnestic MCI with neuronal loss in the Meynert basal nucleus. It is estimated that the rate of progression to dementia is about 10% every year. The prevalence of MCI is 10%-11% and the risk of progression to dementia is about 5%-16%. The continual development of pharmacologic approaches to modify and delay the natural history of progression of the disease motivates a great interest in an earlier diagnosis.

Women-led Community Development Organizations (CDOs) in Miami-Dade County: A Model of Community Development Efforts Impacting the Economic Security of Women

Recent studies on the economic status of women in Miami-Dade County (MDC) reveal an alarming rate of economic insecurity and significant obstacles for women to achieve economic security. Consistent barriers to women’s economic security affect not only the health and wellbeing of women and their families, but also economic prospects for the community. A key study reveals in Miami-Dade County, “Thirty-nine percent of single female-headed families with at least one child are living at or below the federal poverty level” and “over half of working women do not earn adequate income to cover their basic necessities” (Brion 2009, 1). Moreover, conventional measures of poverty do not adequately capture women’s struggles to support themselves and their families, nor do they document the numbers of women seeking basic self-sufficiency. Even though there is lack of accurate data on women in the county, which is a critical problem, there is also a dearth of social science research on existing efforts to enhance women’s economic security in Miami-Dade County. My research contributes to closing the information gap by examining the characteristics and strategies of women-led community development organizations (CDOs) in MDC, working to address women’s economic insecurity. The research is informed by a framework developed by Marilyn Gittell, who pioneered an approach to study women-led CDOs in the United States. On the basis of research in nine U.S. cities, she concluded that women-led groups increased community participation and “by creating community networks and civic action, they represent a model for community development efforts” (Gittell, et al. 2000, 123). My study documents the strategies and networks of women-led CDOs in MDC that prioritize women’s economic security. Their strategies are especially important during these times of economic recession and government reductions in funding towards social services. The focus of the research is women-led CDOs that work to improve social services access, economic opportunity, civic participation and capacity, and women’s rights. Although many women-led CDOs prioritize building social infrastructures that promote change, inequalities in economic and political status for women without economic security remain a challenge (Young 2004). My research supports previous studies by Gittell, et al., finding that women-led CDOs in Miami-Dade County have key characteristics of a model of community development efforts that use networking and collaboration to strengthen their broad, integrated approach. The resulting community partnerships, coupled with participation by constituents in the development process, build a foundation to influence policy decisions for social change. In addition, my findings show that women-led CDOs in Miami-Dade County have a major focus on alleviating poverty and economic insecurity, particularly that of women. Finally, it was found that a majority of the five organizations network transnationally, using lessons learned to inform their work of expanding the agency of their constituents and placing the economic empowerment of women as central in the process of family and community development.

Worldwide trends in blood pressure from 1975 to 2015: a pooled analysis of 1479 population-based measurement studies with 19·1 million participants

Background: Raised blood pressure is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and chronic kidney disease. We estimated worldwide trends in mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure, and the prevalence of, and number of people with, raised blood pressure, defined as systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg or higher or diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or higher. Methods: For this analysis, we pooled national, subnational, or community population-based studies that had measured blood pressure in adults aged 18 years and older. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1975 to 2015 in mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure, and the prevalence of raised blood pressure for 200 countries. We calculated the contributions of changes in prevalence versus population growth and ageing to the increase in the number of adults with raised blood pressure. Findings: We pooled 1479 studies that had measured the blood pressures of 19·1 million adults. Global age-standardised mean systolic blood pressure in 2015 was 127·0 mm Hg (95% credible interval 125·7–128·3) in men and 122·3 mm Hg (121·0–123·6) in women; age-standardised mean diastolic blood pressure was 78·7 mm Hg (77·9–79·5) for men and 76·7 mm Hg (75·9–77·6) for women. Global age-standardised prevalence of raised blood pressure was 24·1% (21·4–27·1) in men and 20·1% (17·8–22·5) in women in 2015. Mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure decreased substantially from 1975 to 2015 in high-income western and Asia Pacific countries, moving these countries from having some of the highest worldwide blood pressure in 1975 to the lowest in 2015. Mean blood pressure also decreased in women in central and eastern Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, and, more recently, central Asia, Middle East, and north Africa, but the estimated trends in these super-regions had larger uncertainty than in high-income super-regions. By contrast, mean blood pressure might have increased in east and southeast Asia, south Asia, Oceania, and sub-Saharan Africa. In 2015, central and eastern Europe, sub-Saharan Africa, and south Asia had the highest blood pressure levels. Prevalence of raised blood pressure decreased in high-income and some middle-income countries; it remained unchanged elsewhere. The number of adults with raised blood pressure increased from 594 million in 1975 to 1·13 billion in 2015, with the increase largely in low-income and middle-income countries. The global increase in the number of adults with raised blood pressure is a net effect of increase due to population growth and ageing, and decrease due to declining age-specific prevalence. Interpretation: During the past four decades, the highest worldwide blood pressure levels have shifted from high-income countries to low-income countries in south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa due to opposite trends, while blood pressure has been persistently high in central and eastern Europe.

Worldwide trends in diabetes since 1980: a pooled analysis of 751 population-based studies with 4·4 million participants

Background: One of the global targets for non-communicable diseases is to halt, by 2025, the rise in the age-standardised adult prevalence of diabetes at its 2010 levels. We aimed to estimate worldwide trends in diabetes, how likely it is for countries to achieve the global target, and how changes in prevalence, together with population growth and ageing, are affecting the number of adults with diabetes. Methods: We pooled data from population-based studies that had collected data on diabetes through measurement of its biomarkers. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in diabetes prevalence - defined as fasting plasma glucose of 7·0 mmol/L or higher, or history of diagnosis with diabetes, or use of insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs - in 200 countries and territories in 21 regions, by sex and from 1980 to 2014. We also calculated the posterior probability of meeting the global diabetes target if post-2000 trends continue. Findings: We used data from 751 studies including 4 372 000 adults from 146 of the 200 countries we make estimates for Global age-standardised diabetes prevalence increased from 4·3% (95% credible interval 2·4-7·0) in 1980 to 9·0% (7·2-11·1) in 2014 in men, and from 5·0% (2·9-7·9) to 7·9% (6·4-9·7) in women. The number of adults with diabetes in the world increased from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014 (28·5% due to the rise in prevalence, 39·7% due to population growth and ageing, and 31·8% due to interaction of these two factors). Age-standardised adult diabetes prevalence in 2014 was lowest in northwestern Europe, and highest in Polynesia and Micronesia, at nearly 25%, followed by Melanesia and the Middle East and north Africa. Between 1980 and 2014 there was little change in age-standardised diabetes prevalence in adult women in continental western Europe, although crude prevalence rose because of ageing of the population. By contrast, age-standardised adult prevalence rose by 15 percentage points in men and women in Polynesia and Micronesia. In 2014, American Samoa had the highest national prevalence of diabetes (>30% in both sexes), with age-standardised adult prevalence also higher than 25% in some other islands in Polynesia and Micronesia. If post-2000 trends continue, the probability of meeting the global target of halting the rise in the prevalence of diabetes by 2025 at the 2010 level worldwide is lower than 1% for men and is 1% for women. Only nine countries for men and 29 countries for women, mostly in western Europe, have a 50% or higher probability of meeting the global target. Interpretation Since 1980, age-standardised diabetes prevalence in adults has increased, or at best remained unchanged, in every country. Together with population growth and ageing, this rise has led to a near quadrupling of the number of adults with diabetes worldwide. The burden of diabetes, both in terms of prevalence and number of adults aff ected, has increased faster in low-income and middle-income countries than in high-income countries.

Envelhecer já não é o que era

O aumento dos indivíduos idosos na sociedade fruto do aumento da longevidade a par de outros factores tornou a problemática relativa ao envelhecimento activo e as instituições criadas para estimular esse mesmo envelhecimento um tema de relevo na promoção dos recursos que os indivíduos mantêm nesta fase etária. De acordo com as politicas sociais actuais é necessário que estes sejam activos, ou seja, que participem nas questões sociais, económicas, culturais, espirituais e cívicas. Neste sentido, esta investigação pretendeu debruçar-se sobre a percepção que uma Directora de uma Universidade Sénior tem relativamente ao envelhecimento, ao impacto deste envelhecimento na família, e o enquadramento das Universidades Senior como agentes neste processo de mudança. Para isso, e para além da pesquisa bibliográfica, utilizámos um método qualitativo (Grounded Theory) que sustentou a entrevista realizada e a sua análise. Na globalidade deste estudo podemos concluir que através de instituições como a Universidade Sénior os idosos sentem-se úteis, desafiados e com capacidade de manter uma qualidade de vida bem sucedida.

Från ensamhet till gemenskap och hur det kommer sig : En studie om faktorer som kan påverka äldre personers väg från ensamhet till gemenskap

Syftet med studien är att öka förståelsen för vilka faktorer som kan leda till och påverka äldre personers deltagande i en social gruppaktivitet riktad till ensamma äldre. Då känslan av ensamheten kan ge stora negativa effekter för den äldre är det viktigt att öka förståelsen och kunskapen om de fenomen och faktorer som påverkar och leder till mer gemenskap och välbefinnande. Studien är en kvalitativ intervjustudie och det insamlade materialet har analyserats genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys med en induktiv ansats. Antonovskys salutogena perspektiv har använts som teoretisk referensram. Sex personer i åldern 75-90 år har deltagit i semistrukturerade intervjuer. Deltagarna ingick i frivilligorganisationen Äldrekontakts sociala gruppaktivitet vilket är riktad till ensamma äldre som söker gemenskap. I resultatet framkom tre olika teman vilket sammanfattar de faktorer som ledde till och påverkade de äldres deltagande i den sociala gruppaktiviteten. De teman som ingår är: förändringsgrunder, förutsättningar och fördelar. Temat förändringsgrunder belyser att motivet för de äldre att delta i aktiviteten grundar sig i en önskan om en ökad gemenskap då relationerna blivit färre och att det hade uppstått en känsla av ensamhet. Vidare framkommer att deltagarnas förhållningssätt riktades mot välbefinnande genom att vara aktiv, att ha en stärkande inställning och att våga exponera sig. Temat förutsättningar beskriver villkor för ett deltagande i aktiviteten. Yttre faktorer var stödet att komma till och från aktiviteten och att det var anspråkslöst att delta. Den inre faktorn var att deltagarna hade tillräckligt med ork så att aktiveten gick att genomföra. Temat fördelar visar på de vinster som uppkom i och med deltagandet i denna gruppaktivitet. Denna aktivitet berikade vardagen genom att det blev ett avbrott i det vardagliga livet och att det fanns något att se fram emot. Deltagarna blev sedda och hörda då det fanns någon att samtala med och något att prata om samt att det skapades nya bekantskaper. En känsla av att bli omhändertagen uppstod vilket uttrycktes genom en tacksamhet att få delta och att det kändes tryggt att medverka i aktiviteten. Resultatet har analyserats genom Antonovskys salutogena perspektiv och tre slutsatser har framtagits. Dessa tre teman har identifierats som en process. Temat förändringsgrunder har visat sig vara en grundförutsättning för resterande process och det har också framkommit att deltagarna har en hög känsla av sammanhang. Denna kunskap kan hjälpa de äldre och de som vill stödja ensamma äldre att ta steget från ensamhet till gemenskap.

Anabolic resistance does not explain sarcopenia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, compared with healthy controls, despite reduced mTOR pathway activity

Background Ageing and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are risk factors for skeletal muscle loss. We investigated whether anabolic resistance to feeding might underlie accelerated muscle loss in older people with T2DM and whether dysregulated mTOR signalling was implicated. Subjects 8 obese men with T2DM, and 12 age-matched controls were studied (age 68±3 vs. 68±6y; BMI: 30±2 vs. 27±5 kg·m-2). Methods Body composition was measured by dual-X-ray absorptiometry. Insulin and glucose were clamped at post-absorptive concentrations (13±2 vs. 9±3 mU·l-1; 7.4±1.9 vs. 4.6±0.4 mmol·l-1; T2DM vs. controls). Fractional synthetic rates (FSR) of myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic proteins were measured as the rate of incorporation of [13C] leucine during a primed, constant infusion of [1-13C] α-ketoisocaproic acid, 3 h after 10 or 20g of essential amino acids (EAA) were orally administered. Protein expression of total and phosphorylated mTOR signalling proteins was determined by Western blot analysis. Results Despite a significantly lower appendicular lean mass index and a greater fat mass index in T2DM vs. controls, basal myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic and post-prandial myofibrillar FSR were similar. After 20g EAA, stimulation of sarcoplasmic FSR was slightly blunted in T2DM patients. Furthermore, feeding 20g EAA increased phosphorylation of mTOR, p70S6k and 4E-BP1 by 60-100% in controls with no response observed in T2DM. Conclusions There was clear dissociation between changes in mTOR signalling versus changes in protein synthesis rates. However, the intact anabolic response of myofibrillar FSR to feeding in both groups suggests anabolic resistance may not explain accelerated muscle loss in T2DM.

Bien vieillir en étant actif : le cas de la participation des aînés à l’Université du troisième âge de Québec

Ce mémoire porte sur la participation des aînés à l’Université du troisième âge de Québec (UTAQ) et son lien avec la norme du bien vieillir véhiculée dans la politique québécoise sur le vieillissement. Quinze étudiants de l’UTAQ ont été rencontrés lors d’entrevues semi-dirigées pour recueillir leurs propos, tant sur ce qui les amène à fréquenter cette institution que sur le vieillissement lui-même et sa prise en charge sociale. Le cadre conceptuel de cette recherche s’inspire de l’anthropology of policy et permet d’envisager la manière dont nous sommes gouvernés dans une société néolibérale. Il est constitué des écrits foucaldiens sur le rapport savoir-pouvoir et les normes. De la littérature récente sur le néolibéralisme, je retiens également la technique de responsabilisation, centrale à ce mode de gouvernement. Les récits des étudiants de l’UTAQ montrent qu’ils sont très sensibles aux discours de la politique sur le vieillissement et qu’ils adhèrent à la vision de la vieillesse qui en découle tout en demeurant très critiques à son endroit. Enfin, mon analyse montre que l’UTAQ peut servir de relais de la politique du bien vieillir, et ce, de multiples façons.

Ideación suicida y desesperanza en pacientes con cáncer

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue identificar la relación entre ideación suicida y desesperanza en 160 pacientes con cáncer. La ideación suicida se midió a través de dos ítems de una entrevista semiestructurada, la escala de ideación suicida (ISS), el ítem 9 del inventario de depresión de Beck (BDI-IA). La desesperanza se midió con la escala de desesperanza de Beck (BHS). Los resultados obtenidos indicaron una relación significativa (p=.000) entre ideación suicida y desesperanza; una prevalencia de ideación suicida en los pacientes con cáncer entre 4.4% y 13.8% y de riesgo de suicidio entre 5.6% y 30.6%; y algún grado de desesperanza en 31.9 % de los participantes. De acuerdo con lo anterior, se confirma que existe relación entre la desesperanza y la ideación suicida en pacientes oncológicos adultos. Adicionalmente, que estas variables están presentes en los pacientes y que ameritan atención en la intervención interdisciplinaria.

Caracterización de trastornos musculo esqueléticos en trabajadores de dos empresas de servicios en Bogotá D.C 2015

Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de los trastornos músculoesqueléticos y la asociación con factores sociodemográficos y hábitos de vida en trabajadores de las áreas administrativa y operativa de dos empresas de servicio de la ciudad de Bogotá 2015. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal, con información secundaria, procedente de bases de datos suministrada por las dos empresas con 696 registros de trabajadores de servicios generales, y 943 registros de trabajadores del área administrativa, para un total de 1639 registros, en los cuales se evaluó la presencia de síntomas osteomusculares clasificados por segmento. Adicionalmente se contaba con información de características sociodemográficas y estilos de vida de estos trabajadores. Se obtuvieron las distribuciones de frecuencias absolutas y relativas para las variables cualitativas, y las medidas de tendencia central y de dispersión para las variables cuantitativas. Para establecer la asociación entre factores sociodemográficos con las variables dependientes se utilizó la prueba chi2 de asociación. Resultados: La prevalencia de molestia o dolor en los diferentes segmentos corporales fue de 21.5 % (n = 203) en cuello para la población administrativa y de 17.5% (n = 148) en mano y muñeca derecha para la población de servicios generales. Vale la pena aclarar que el diagnóstico médico más frecuente referido por la población en estudio fue traumas en musculo, bursa tendón y/o ligamento con 10.5% en la población administrativa y con el 12.4% en la población de servicios generales. De las asociaciones significativas entre diagnósticos presentes y hábitos de vida y sueño se encontró que sueño no reparador se asoció significativamente con enfermedad general de músculos y huesos (p = 0.001), enfermedad o trauma activo de tejidos blandos (p = 0,000) y antecedente o enfermedad actual de columna vertebral (p = 0,000). De manera similar, el consumo de medicamentos para conciliar el sueño se asoció con enfermedad de tejidos blandos (p = 0,000) y enfermedad actual de columna vertebral (p = 0,000). El consumo de café (p = 0.001) y el sedentarismo (p = 0.031) están asociados con la enfermedad general de músculos y huesos. Conclusiones: Los TME son un factor de alta prevalencia en la población trabajadora de Colombia, y como se demostró en este estudio, afectan a la población de las empresas de servicio. Se evidencia cada vez más que los segmentos corporales más afectados en la población administrativa, son cabeza y cuello, debido a las posturas mantenidas por largos periodos de tiempo, y en la población de servicios se encontró molestia y dolor en muñecas y manos debido a los movimientos repetitivos que deben de realizar durante la jornada laboral. Se hace necesario profundizar más en la asociación significativa de los trastornos del sueño y la presencia de los TME, ya que se encontró una relación importante entre estos dos.

Plan de negocio Aprisco JAM

El Aprisco JAM busca entrar en el mercado de lácteos y derivados con un producto que posee atributos nutricionales importantes al igual que provee la facilidad de ser consumido por cualquier persona, principalmente aquellas que no toleran la leche vacuna encontrando en nuestros productos una alternativa para el disfrute de estos sin comprometer su salud y bienestar. Encontramos así pues una demanda existente en donde ofrecemos como solución a las necesidades un producto nutritivamente saludable siendo recordados y diferenciados por este aspecto. Todo ello en base a una producción limpia y sostenible que permita un aprovechamiento y uso eficiente de los recursos naturales. Para lograr dicho objetivo es necesario una inversión inicial de $24.742.036 COP, proyectado a 3 años dicha inversión se recuperará a partir del 5 mes con un interés esperado de 35,6% EA que representa beneficios en valor actual de $90´628.858. Por otro lado genera una relación beneficio-costo de 4,66, esto quiere decir que por cada peso invertido se generan beneficios de 3,66 pesos.

Aproximaciones a mindfulness en la psicología contemporánea

Este trabajo es una revisión de literatura que abarca una selección de artículos disponibles en bases de datos especializadas y publicados en el periodo comprendido entre los años 2006 a 2016 para artículos científicos y entre los años 2000 a 2016 para libros. En total se revisaron: 1 tesis doctoral, 1 tesis magistral, 111 artículos y 9 libros o capítulos de libros. Se presentan diversas definiciones de mindfulness y formas de conceptualizarla, sus mecanismos de acción, sus enfoques psicoterapéuticos predominantes, los efectos de su práctica estable, sus principales campos de acción y la importancia de la formación de los docentes que imparten la práctica. Finalmente se presentan algunas conclusiones acerca del diálogo entre la literatura psicológica sobre mindfulness y algunas de las concepciones de la tradición budista en torno a la meditación.

O reiki para cuidar de quem cuida

“O Reiki para Cuidar de Quem Cuida” surge de vivências hospitalares de profissionais de saúde que solicitam e recorrem a sessões do Projeto “Terapia de Reiki/Shiatsu aos profissionais de Saúde do serviço de obstetrícia e bloco de partos”, referindo dores, stress, ansiedade e mal-estar. Objetivos: dar visibilidade ao Reiki como técnica terapêutica no cuidar e avaliar o Burnout dos profissionais de saúde antes e após sessão de Reiki. Metodologia: sensibilização para Reiki e Burnout, aplicação de questionários, tratamento de dados, pesquisa bibliográfica. Resultados: os profissionais de saúde necessitam de mais informação e de mais sessões de Reiki que referem ser muito úteis e promotoras de bem-estar; encontram-se em nível Médio de Burnout, reduzindo os valores após o Reiki. Conclusões: o Reiki reduz o Burnout, a sua inclusão na prática de enfermagem traduz-se em ganhos em saúde para si e para os utentes; ABSTRACT: Title: Reiki: Caring for Those who Care “Reiki: Caring for Those who Care” arised from health personnel’s experiences who request and resort to the project’s sessions “Reiki Therapy/Shiatsu to the Health Personnel of the Maternity and of the Obstetric/Gynecological Emergency Department”, who refer pain, stress, anxiety and malaise. Objectives: Presenting Reiki as a therapeutic technique in caring and evaluate health personnel’s Burnout before and after Reiki sessions. Methods: Raising awareness to Reiki and Burnout, questionnaires, data treatment, bibliographic research. Results: Health personnel need more information and more Reiki sessions, which refer being useful and wellbeing promoters; they experience a medium level of Burnout, having this value decreased after Reiki sessions. Conclusions: Reiki reduces Burnout, and its inclusion in the nursing practice results in health personnel’s and patient’s health outcomes.