Monitoimityöstökeskuksen kokonaistehokkuuden parantaminen kokonaisvaltaisella tuottavalla kunnossapidolla

Tämän diplomityön tavoitteena oli tutustua kokonaisvaltaisen tuottavan kunnossapidon teoriaan ja soveltaa sitä Abloy Oy Joensuun tehtaalla pilottikohteeksi valittuun koneeseen. Pilottikohteeksi oli valittu uusi Sveitsiläinen Hydromat-monitoimityöstökeskus, jonka kokonaistehokkuutta (OEE) pyrittiin parantamaan kokonaisvaltaisella tuottavalla kunnossapidolla (TPM). Työn kirjallisuusosuudessa tarkastellaan teoriatietoja, jotka liittyvät yleisesti kunnossapitoon ja tarkemmin TPM-toimintaan. Lisäksi käsitellään kunnossapidon mittareita ja tietojärjestelmiä. Työn empiirisessä osassa selvitetään, kuinka TPM-toiminta otettiin käyttöön Hydromat-monitoimityöstökeskuksen osalta. Eniten resursseja käytettiin koneen asetusaikojen lyhentämiseen. Lisäksi koneen käyttäjien itsenäiseen kunnossapitoon siirtyminen kuului työn sisältöön. Työssä on selvitetty myös uuden tuotannon seurantataulun käyttöönotto. Seurantataulusta nähdään useita tuotantotietoja kuten kokonaistehokkuus. Työn merkittävimmät tulokset osoittavat, että asetusajat ovat tällä hekellä hyvin pitkiä tavoitteisiin nähden. Asetusaikojen lyhentyminen halutulle tasolle vaatii koneen käyttäjien pitkän oppimisprosessin sekä optimaaliset toimintaolosuhteet. Lisäksi havaittiin, että uuden toimintamallin esitteleminen ja sen käyttöönotto valmistavassa teollisuudessa on vaativa prosessi.

The P48T germline mutation and polymorphism in the CDKN2A gene of patients with melanoma

CDKN2A has been implicated as a melanoma susceptibility gene in some kindreds with a family history of this disease. Mutations in CDKN2A may produce an imbalance between functional p16ink4a and cyclin D causing abnormal cell growth. We searched for germline mutations in this gene in 22 patients with clinical criteria of hereditary cancer (early onset, presence of multiple primary melanoma or 1 or more first- or second-degree relatives affected) by secondary structural content prediction, a mutation scanning method that relies on the propensity for single-strand DNA to take on a three-dimensional structure that is highly sequence dependent, and sequencing the samples with alterations in the electrophoretic mobility. The prevalence of CDKN2A mutation in our study was 4.5% (1/22) and there was a correlation between family history and probability of mutation detection. We found the P48T mutation in 1 patient with 2 melanoma-affected relatives. The patient descends from Italian families and this mutation has been reported previously only in Italian families in two independent studies. This leads us to suggest the presence of a mutational "hotspot" within this gene or a founder mutation. We also detected a high prevalence (59.1%) of polymorphisms, mainly alleles 500 C/G (7/31.8%) or 540 C/T (6/27.3%), in the 3' untranslated region of exon 3. This result reinforces the idea that these rare polymorphic alleles have been significantly associated with the risk of developing melanoma.

The berth allocation problem at port terminals : a column generation framework

Le problème d'allocation de postes d'amarrage (PAPA) est l'un des principaux problèmes de décision aux terminaux portuaires qui a été largement étudié. Dans des recherches antérieures, le PAPA a été reformulé comme étant un problème de partitionnement généralisé (PPG) et résolu en utilisant un solveur standard. Les affectations (colonnes) ont été générées a priori de manière statique et fournies comme entrée au modèle %d'optimisation. Cette méthode est capable de fournir une solution optimale au problème pour des instances de tailles moyennes. Cependant, son inconvénient principal est l'explosion du nombre d'affectations avec l'augmentation de la taille du problème, qui fait en sorte que le solveur d'optimisation se trouve à court de mémoire. Dans ce mémoire, nous nous intéressons aux limites de la reformulation PPG. Nous présentons un cadre de génération de colonnes où les affectations sont générées de manière dynamique pour résoudre les grandes instances du PAPA. Nous proposons un algorithme de génération de colonnes qui peut être facilement adapté pour résoudre toutes les variantes du PAPA en se basant sur différents attributs spatiaux et temporels. Nous avons testé notre méthode sur un modèle d'allocation dans lequel les postes d'amarrage sont considérés discrets, l'arrivée des navires est dynamique et finalement les temps de manutention dépendent des postes d'amarrage où les bateaux vont être amarrés. Les résultats expérimentaux des tests sur un ensemble d'instances artificielles indiquent que la méthode proposée permet de fournir une solution optimale ou proche de l'optimalité même pour des problème de très grandes tailles en seulement quelques minutes.

Quantification of the probability of containment failure caused by an in-vessel steam explosion for the Sizewell B PWR

AEA Technology has provided an assessment of the probability of α-mode containment failure for the Sizewell B PWR. After a preliminary review of the methodologies available it was decided to use the probabilistic approach described in the paper, based on an extension of the methodology developed by Theofanous et al. (Nucl. Sci. Eng. 97 (1987) 259–325). The input to the assessment is 12 probability distributions; the bases for the quantification of these distributions are discussed. The α-mode assessment performed for the Sizewell B PWR has demonstrated the practicality of the event-tree method with input data represented by probability distributions. The assessment itself has drawn attention to a number of topics, which may be plant and sequence dependent, and has indicated the importance of melt relocation scenarios. The α-mode failure probability following an accident that leads to core melt relocation to the lower head for the Sizewell B PWR has been assessed as a few parts in 10 000, on the basis of current information. This assessment has been the first to consider elevated pressures (6 MPa and 15 MPa) besides atmospheric pressure, but the results suggest only a modest sensitivity to system pressure.

Study of the effect of the peptide loading and solvent system in SPPS by HRMAS-NMR

The SPPS methodology has continuously been investigated as a valuable model to monitor the solvation properties of polymeric materials. In this connection, the present work applied HRMAS-NMR spectroscopy to examine the dynamics of an aggregating peptide sequence attached to a resin core with varying peptide loading (up to 80%) and solvent system. Low and high substituted BHAR were used for assembling the VQAAIDYING sequence and some of its minor fragments. The HRMAS-NMR results were in agreement with the swelling of each resin, i.e. there was an improved resolution of resonance peaks in the better solvated conditions. Moreover, the peptide loading and the attached peptide sequence also affected the spectra. Strong peptide chain aggregation was observed mainly in highly peptide loaded resins when solvated in CDCl3. Conversely, due to the better swelling of these highly loaded resins in DMSO, improved NMR spectra were acquired in this polar aprotic solvent, thus enabling the detection of relevant sequence-dependent conformational alterations. The more prominent aggregation was displayed by the VQAAIDYING segment and not by any of its intermediary fragments and these findings were also corroborated by EPR studies of these peptide-resins labelled properly with an amino acid-type spin probe. Copyright (c) 2005 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Modelo cinético estocástico para a transcrição considerando colisões entre as moléculas de RNA polimerase

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Desenvolvimento de uma nova sistemática para centragem e alinhamento da plataforma giratória R-9350 na mandriladora CNC PAMA SPEEDRAM 3000

In heavy machining industries, a critical point that must be taken into account is setup. Because the characteristics of machine tools and parts to be machined, usually pieces robust and large, the preparation of these parts must be made accurately for machining has a good result as planned. As a result of the difficulty raised in the setup machining of heavy parts, companies in this segment seek alternatives to reduce the unproductive time caused by setup and optimize machining processes. One way was found that these companies create operating instructions that describe and standardize the operation between its employees, as well as deploy a control machining times to measure the unproductive time caused by the setup. This work studied a new system for the realization of centering and alignment of Rotating Deck R-9350 in CNC Milling Machine PAMA Speedram 3000, in Liebherr Brazil company. The part Rotating Deck R-9350 is a critical part in which its machining in PAMA Milling Machine is made in three phases and their setup times are quite high and involve stopping the machine. It has been tested and proposed a solution to the realization of this part of the setup without the use of the machine, but of the measuring instrument three-dimensional Laser tracker, with which the machine continued to work, while he was in the centering and alignment of other parts. It was noted that the instrument technically attended the need and it was possible to perform this operation more accurately

Aplicação de melhorias na organização e nos processos de usinagem pesada

Currently productivity is a concern in large firms and in heavy machining industries could not be otherwise . The issue of time in the process becomes a relevant and worthy of analysis point , especially that the setup time becomes a critical issue to be addressed . Due to the size of the equipment studied ( heavy machining ) and especially with regard to the characteristics of the machine tool and the parts to be machined , generally robust and large parts , the preparation of such parts shall be made accurately to the machining has a good result as planned . With the setup acting as a limiter of productivity growth in this sector , actions constantly in search of reducing downtimes and optimization are taken . This study aimed to conduct a study that confirms increased productivity by reducing the machining time , especially setup time and also with the implementation of organizational tools. Actions taken in heavy machining industry Arm L- 580 Liebherr company in Brazil specifically in CNC Boring PAMA Speedram 3000 were analyzed . Through a qualitative study using the method of case study , it was examined before and after the sector and reducing setup times . Evidencing the shares through figures and collection times . The end result of this analysis was to verify that through simple actions productivity and organization in the area were directly affected in a positive way , and supporting organizational change throughout training were taught to be incorporated into the company culture

Transcrição cooperativa de genes ribossomais em Escherichia coli usando um modelo estocástico e dependente de sequência

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Phylogeography of Rift Valley Fever Virus in Africa Reveals Multiple Introductions in Senegal and Mauritania

Rift Valley Fever (RVF) virus (Family Bunyaviridae) is an arthropod-borne RNA virus that infects primarily domestic ruminants and occasionally humans. RVF epizootics are characterized by numerous abortions and mortality among young animals. In humans, the illness is usually characterized by a mild self-limited febrile illness, which could progress to more serious complications. RVF virus is widespread and endemic in many regions of Africa. In Western Africa, several outbreaks have been reported since 1987 when the first major one occurred at the frontier of Senegal and Mauritania. Aiming to evaluate the spreading and molecular epidemiology in these countries, RVFV isolates from 1944 to 2008 obtained from 18 localities in Senegal and Mauritania and 15 other countries were investigated. Our results suggest that a more intense viral activity possibly took place during the last century compared to the recent past and that at least 5 introductions of RVFV took place in Senegal and Mauritania from distant African regions. Moreover, Barkedji in Senegal was possibly a hub associated with the three distinct entries of RVFV in West Africa.

Crystal structure of a CAP-DNA complex: the DNA is bent by 90 degrees

The 3 angstrom resolution crystal structure of the Escherichia coli catabolite gene activator protein (CAP) complexed with a 30-base pair DNA sequence shows that the DNA is bent by 900. This bend results almost entirely from two 400 kinks that occur between TG/CA base pairs at positions 5 and 6 on each side of the dyad axis of the complex. DNA sequence discrimination by CAP derives both from sequence-dependent distortion of the DNA helix and from direct hydrogen-bonding interactions between three protein side chains and the exposed edges of three base pairs in the major groove of the DNA. The structure of this transcription factor-DNA complex provides insights into possible mechanisms of transcription activation

Development of a high performance parallel computing platform and its use in the study of nanostructures : clusters, sheets and tubes .

Small clusters of gallium oxide, technologically important high temperature ceramic, together with interaction of nucleic acid bases with graphene and small-diameter carbon nanotube are focus of first principles calculations in this work. A high performance parallel computing platform is also developed to perform these calculations at Michigan Tech. First principles calculations are based on density functional theory employing either local density or gradient-corrected approximation together with plane wave and gaussian basis sets. The bulk Ga2O3 is known to be a very good candidate for fabricating electronic devices that operate at high temperatures. To explore the properties of Ga2O3 at nonoscale, we have performed a systematic theoretical study on the small polyatomic gallium oxide clusters. The calculated results find that all lowest energy isomers of GamOn clusters are dominated by the Ga-O bonds over the metal-metal or the oxygen-oxygen bonds. Analysis of atomic charges suggest the clusters to be highly ionic similar to the case of bulk Ga2O3. In the study of sequential oxidation of these slusters starting from Ga2O, it is found that the most stable isomers display up to four different backbones of constituent atoms. Furthermore, the predicted configuration of the ground state of Ga2O is recently confirmed by the experimental result of Neumark's group. Guided by the results of calculations the study of gallium oxide clusters, performance related challenge of computational simulations, of producing high performance computers/platforms, has been addressed. Several engineering aspects were thoroughly studied during the design, development and implementation of the high performance parallel computing platform, rama, at Michigan Tech. In an attempt to stay true to the principles of Beowulf revolutioni, the rama cluster was extensively customized to make it easy to understand, and use - for administrators as well as end-users. Following the results of benchmark calculations and to keep up with the complexity of systems under study, rama has been expanded to a total of sixty four processors. Interest in the non-covalent intereaction of DNA with carbon nanotubes has steadily increased during past several years. This hybrid system, at the junction of the biological regime and the nanomaterials world, possesses features which make it very attractive for a wide range of applicatioins. Using the in-house computational power available, we have studied details of the interaction between nucleic acid bases with graphene sheet as well as high-curvature small-diameter carbon nanotube. The calculated trend in the binding energies strongly suggests that the polarizability of the base molecules determines the interaction strength of the nucleic acid bases with graphene. When comparing the results obtained here for physisorption on the small diameter nanotube considered with those from the study on graphene, it is observed that the interaction strength of nucleic acid bases is smaller for the tube. Thus, these results show that the effect of introducing curvature is to reduce the binding energy. The binding energies for the two extreme cases of negligible curvature (i.e. flat graphene sheet) and of very high curvature (i.e. small diameter nanotube) may be considered as upper and lower bounds. This finding represents an important step towards a better understanding of experimentally observed sequence-dependent interaction of DNA with Carbon nanotubes.

Scheduling the production of rolling ingots: Industrial context, model, and solution method

We study a real-world scheduling problem arising in the context of a rolling ingots production. First we review the production process and discuss peculiarities that have to be observed when scheduling a given set of production orders on the production facilities. We then show how to model this scheduling problem using prescribed time lags between operations, different kinds of resources, and sequence-dependent changeovers. A branch-and-bound solution procedure is presented in the second part. The basic principle is to relax the resource constraints by assuming infinite resource availability. Resulting resource conflicts are then stepwise resolved by introducing precedence relationships among operations competing for the same resources. The algorithm has been implemented as a beam search heuristic enumerating alternative sets of precedence relationships.

Batch scheduling in process industries: an application of resource-constrained project scheduling

The paper deals with batch scheduling problems in process industries where final products arise from several successive chemical or physical transformations of raw materials using multi–purpose equipment. In batch production mode, the total requirements of intermediate and final products are partitioned into batches. The production start of a batch at a given level requires the availability of all input products. We consider the problem of scheduling the production of given batches such that the makespan is minimized. Constraints like minimum and maximum time lags between successive production levels, sequence–dependent facility setup times, finite intermediate storages, production breaks, and time–varying manpower contribute to the complexity of this problem. We propose a new solution approach using models and methods of resource–constrained project scheduling, which (approximately) solves problems of industrial size within a reasonable amount of time.

Synthesis and Properties of 6′-Fluoro-tricyclo-DNA

The synthesis of the two fluorinated tricyclic nucleosides 6?-F-tc-T and 6?-F-tc-5MeC, as well as the corresponding building blocks for oligonucleotide assembly, was accomplished. An X-ray analysis of N4-benzoylated 6?-F-tc-5MeC reavealed a 2?-exo (north) conformation of the furanose ring, characterizing it as an RNA mimic. In contrast to observations in the bicyclo-DNA series, no short contact between the fluorine atom and the H6 of the base, reminiscent of a nonclassical F···H hydrogen bond, could be observed. Tm measurements of modified oligodeoxynucleotides with complementary RNA showed slightly sequence-dependent duplex stabilization profiles with maximum ?Tm/mod values of +4.5 °C for 6?-F-tc-5MeC and +1 °C for 6?-F-tc-T. In comparison with parent tc-modified oligonucleotides, no relevant changes in Tm were detected, attributing the fluorine substituent a neutral role in RNA affinity. A structural analysis of duplexes with DNA and RNA by CD-spectroscopy revealed a shift from B- to A-type conformation induced by the 6?-F-tc-nucleosides. This is not a specific ?fluorine effect?, as the same is also observed for the parent tc-modifications. The two fluorinated tc-nucleosides were also incorporated into a pure tricyclo-DNA backbone and showed no discrimination in Tm with complementary RNA, demonstrating that 6?-F substitution is also compatible within fully modified tc-oligonucleotides.