Zur denkmalpolitischen Praxis der Gegenwart - institutionelle Handlungsspielräume und diskursive Prozesse

Die Arbeit behandelt im Rahmen eines induktiven Ansatzes die Problematik aktueller kommunalpolitischer Zielkonflikte im Umgang mit Baudenkmalen in Deutschland. Dabei wird das Politikfeld Denkmalschutz in seiner kulturell-politischen Mehrdimensionalität unter der Ausgangsfrage untersucht, wie Entscheidungsprozesse verlaufen, bei denen entwicklungsbezogene Interessen und Belange des Denkmalschutzes eine besondere Rolle spielen. Vier Beispielfälle bilden den empirischen Kern der Untersuchung: Ein ortsbildprägendes und architektonisch qualitätsvolles Industriedenkmal wandelt sich mittels staatlicher Förderung zu einer Brachfläche; der Umgebungsschutz eines Gartendenkmals von Weltrang muss den Bedürfnissen des kommerzialisierten Fußballsports den Vortritt lassen; ein historisches Lichtspieltheater wird trotz Massenprotesten von Bürgern zu einem Buchladen umgebaut; eine freistehende Gründerzeitvilla wird unter der Maßgabe maximaler Verkaufsflächengröße durch ein Einkaufszentrum eingehaust. Aufbauend auf einer Analyse der jeweiligen Entscheidungsprozesse werden die Spezifika politischer Auseinandersetzungen um Denkmale fallübergreifend herausgearbeitet. Das Untersuchungsprinzip entspricht einem explorativen Verfahren, wobei der argumentative Austausch als empirischer Schlüssel zu sprachlich materialisierten Deutungsangeboten von Akteuren einen Schwerpunkt der Untersuchung bildet. In der Gegenüberstellung diskursiver Prozesse wird untersucht, wie Deutungsangebote im politischen Prozess entstehen, sich verändern und diskursiv vermittelt werden. Im Mittelpunkt steht der Einblick in das Zusammenspiel empirisch bestimmter Einflussgrößen. Dabei kristallisieren sich mehrere Thesen heraus, die das kulturelle Verständnis, die Rolle des institutionellen Kontextes und die politische Aushandlung als Prozess betreffen. Es wird aufgezeigt, weshalb die Kluft zwischen dem elitären Erhaltungsinteresse der Fachwelt und dem Denkmalverständnis des „Durchschnittsbürgers" als notwendige Triebfeder der denkmalpflegerischen Vermittlungsarbeit und für eine kreative Auseinandersetzung mit dem Denkmal ebenso wie der hoheitliche Denkmalschutz unverzichtbar bleibt.

Génesis y evolución del proceso reivindicativo de las comunidades negras del Medio Atrato (1982-2001)

Propone describir y analizar el desarrollo de una forma de acción colectiva de origen campesino que tuvo lugar en la región del Medio Atrato, demostrando que los factores endógenos de los movimientos sociales son cruciales en su emergencia, pero sus efectos positivos pueden ser contrarrestados por la influencia de factores exógenos adversos.

Análisis de la incidencia de la estructura de oportunidad política en la creación y desarrollo del movimiento social promotor del Plebiscito Nacional de Chile de 1988

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar la incidencia de los principales elementos teóricos de la estructura de oportunidad política en la creación y desarrollo del movimiento social promotor del Plebiscito Nacional de Chile de 1988. De igual forma, pretende identificar aquellos factores que permiten analizar el proceso de acción colectiva durante la Dictadura. A su vez, se tratará de plasmar la importancia de la organización estratégica como eje articulador para la consecución de alianzas con el fin de satisfacer los objetivos de las movilizaciones.

Los carteles del narcotráfico en el Fútbol Profesional Colombiano: estructura de oportunidad

El interés de este trabajo de grado es analizar la incidencia que ha tenido la estructura de oportunidad en la participación de los carteles del narcotráfico en el Fútbol Profesional colombiano. Este elemento es fundamental para entender este fenómeno pues desviste la arbitrariedad con la que se ha pretendido entender la entrada de estos colectivos al Fútbol. Igualmente, desde los conceptos teóricos de Charles Tilly, Sidney Tarrow y Doug McAdam, se evalúan los patrones de comportamiento de estos colectivos ilegales en su búsqueda por consolidar poder, riquezas y aceptación social. Por último se entiende, a la luz de un caso antitético, cómo el ordenamiento estructural de los espacios políticos y económicos abren precisamente las oportunidades para la infiltración y no viceversa, como se ha pensado. El resultado de la investigación permite identificar y comprobar de forma documentada y a partir de tres casos puntuales, las verdaderas causas de la infiltración de los carteles colombianos en el Fútbol Profesional de Colombia.

Democracy in Uruguay: recent history and challenges

This article presents a synthetic view about the most important transformations that Uruguayan society has undergone in the last decade. It aims at articulating, through Political History and Political Science approaches, the recent political process with the itineraries of the economy and the society. It pretends in particular to argue that Uruguayan democracy is mutating, its actors and institutions are changing, with the help of both global and local transformations. K

C. Wright Mils revisited: Society and Power

C. Wright Mills has been forgotten by sociological theories however there is no doubt about how much he contributed to the field of Epistemology. He successfully participated in the American Sociology of Knowledge and, at the same time, he  upheld the tradition of the Conflict Theory, including the sociological dimension into one of the most questioned political subjects of his period. Undoubtedly,  Wright Mills was morally committed to the value of reason and freedom. His central issue was to analyse the real possibilities for a particular individual within  a particular social order to become a free man capable of reasoning. He wondered how someone could be able to transcend his daily nature through reason and  experience and to act accordingly to his power. The power and political processes were constant in his works, since he claimed that any political process was a  struggle for power and prestige, for authoritative positions, both within each nation  and among the different states. On the other hand, he  bserved that the social  structure in the United States of America was not completely democratic, since the  course of action depended on the decision of a small group of wealthy, powerful individuals. These concentrating spaces of power amongst some economic, military  and political corporations were supported by their underlying ideology, a fact that became clearer when referring to international affairs. Nowadays, in a world of  structural antagonisms, wars and rebellions, the need for looking at the work  of intellectuals like Mills re-emerges. Mills showed us a way in which a complex entity as power can be understood, and, at the same time, the need to consider the  course of history, its mechanics and process.

Estudio de caso: La Marcha Patriótica como movimiento social y político: Análisis de la naturaleza de un actor en construcción a partir de su accionar y sus reivindicaciones. 2010 - 2012.

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo realizar una aproximación interpretativa a la Marcha Patriótica [MP] a través de tres ejes, a saber, Partido Político, Movimiento Político y Movimiento Social. Para desarrollarlo, se realizó una caracterización del contexto con el interés de identificar las situaciones contributivas a la génesis de la MP. En este contexto, se logró establecer que la situación más importante y determinante fueron los diálogos de paz de La Habana entre el gobierno de Colombia y la guerrilla de las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia. Posteriormente, se realizó la descripción de los tres ejes de interpretación y la definición de cómo serían entendidos para efectos del estudio de caso. Finalmente, se procedió con una caracterización de la MP a través de los ejes y se concluyó con una explicación amplia que dio como resultado la incorporación de nuevos elementos de análisis. Lo anterior, permitió explicar a la MP a partir de sus sectores, sus reivindicaciones, su accionar, los movimientos que la componen y los actores con los que se relaciona.

El uso de las redes sociales en la campaña presidencial de Clara López Obregón en 2014

El presente estudio de caso plantea la descripción detallada del uso de las redes sociales en la campaña presidencial de Clara López. En este documento se analiza la labor desempeñada en las redes sociales como un papel de interacción y comunicación directa con el electorado y su alcance en función de la estrategia comunicativa y publicitaria. Para ello se describe el contexto en el que se desarrolló la campaña, sus fases, la organización de la oficina de comunicación digital y el trabajo desarrollado en cada uno de los campos digitales y así generar unos elementos de conclusión sobre el resultado del uso de estas herramientas, lo que puede ser útil para comprender el papel de las redes sociales en los procesos políticos, especialmente en las campañas electorales.

Economía popular para una sociedad no capitalista: notas sobre el caso venezolano (Tema Central)

El artículo aborda las iniciativas que en materia de economía popular viene impulsando el Estado venezolano desde 2004, concretamente a través de la Misión Vuelvan Caras. Describe el devenir del proceso revolucionario venezolano desde 1998 hasta inicios de 2006, haciendo énfasis en el argumento de que la estrategia desestabilizadora de la oposición venezolana ha sido respondida desde el Estado y el movimiento popular con una radicalización del proceso político. En este contexto se explica la consolidación de una idea-fuerza que sostiene un profundo cuestionamiento del modelo de desarrollo imperante en Venezuela, lo que ha hecho posible la aplicación de políticas públicas de orientación anticapitalista.

Innovation care pathways and the healthcare built environment: An explanatory framework and research agenda

The built environment in which health and social care is delivered can have an impact on the efficiency and outcomes of care processes. The health-care estate is large and growing and is expensive to build, adapt and maintain. The design of these buildings is a complex, difficult and political process. Better use of care pathways as an input to the design and use of the built environment has the potential to deliver significant benefits. A number of variations on the idea of care pathways are already used in designing health-care buildings but this is under-researched. This paper provides a framework for thinking about care pathways and the health-care built environment. The framework distinguishes between five different pathway ‘types’ defined for the purpose of understanding the relationship between pathways and infrastructure. The five types are: ‘care pathways’, ‘integrated care pathways’, ‘patient pathways’, ‘patient journeys’ and ‘patient flows’. The built environment implications of each type are discussed and recommendations made for those involved in either building development or care pathway projects.

Care pathways and designing the healthcare built environment: an explanatory framework

The built environment in which health and social care is delivered can have an impact on the efficiency and outcomes of care processes. The health-care estate is large and growing and is expensive to build, adapt and maintain. The design of these buildings is a complex, difficult and political process. Better use of care pathways as an input to the design and use of the built environment has the potential to deliver significant benefits. A number of variations on the idea of care pathways are already used in designing health-care buildings but this is under-researched. This paper provides a framework for thinking about care pathways and the health-care built environment. The framework distinguishes between five different pathway ‘types’ defined for the purpose of understanding the relationship between pathways and infrastructure. The five types are: ‘care pathways’, ‘integrated care pathways’, ‘patient pathways’, ‘patient journeys’ and ‘patient flows’. The built environment implications of each type are discussed and recommendations made for those involved in either building development or care pathway projects.

A climate of control: flooding, displacement and planned resettlement in the Lower Zambezi River valley, Mozambique

In recent years, the potential role of planned, internal resettlement as a climate change adaptation measure has been highlighted by national governments and the international policy community. However, in many developing countries, resettlement is a deeply political process that often results in an unequal distribution of costs and benefits amongst relocated persons. This paper examines these tensions in Mozambique, drawing on a case study of flood-affected communities in the Lower Zambezi River valley. It takes a political ecology approach – focusing on discourses of human-environment interaction, as well as the power relationships that are supported by such discourses – to show how a dominant narrative of climate change-induced hazards for small-scale farmers is contributing to their involuntary resettlement to higher-altitude, less fertile areas of land. These forced relocations are buttressed by a series of wider economic and political interests in the Lower Zambezi River region, such dam construction for hydroelectric power generation and the extension of control over rural populations, from which resettled people derive little direct benefit. Rather than engaging with these challenging issues, most international donors present in the country accept the ‘inevitability’ of extreme weather impacts and view resettlement as an unfortunate and, in some cases, necessary step to increase people’s ‘resilience’, thus rationalising the top-down imposition of unpopular social policies. The findings add weight to the argument that a depoliticised interpretation of climate change can deflect attention away from underlying drivers of vulnerability and poverty, as well as obscure the interests of governments that are intent on reordering poor and vulnerable populations.

Public values and community energy: lessons from the US and UK

This paper examines some of the normative aspects of community energy programmes — defined here as decentralized forms of energy production and distributed energy technologies where production decisions are made as close as possible to sources of consumption. Such projects might also display a degree of separation from the formal political process. The development of a community energy system often generates a great deal of debate about both the degree of public support for such programmes and the values around which programmes ought to be organized. Community energy programmes also raise important issues regarding the energy choice problem, including questions of process, that is, by whom a project is developed and the influence of both community and exogenous actors, as well as certain outcome issues regarding the spatial and social distribution of energy. The case studies, drawn from community energy programmes in both the United States and the United Kingdom, allow for a careful examination of all of these factors, considering in particular the complex interplay and juxtaposition between the ideas of 'public value' and 'public values'.

Constituição, finanças públicas e desempenho econômico

Esta pesquisa mostra que há uma relação entre a economia e a política no estudo da escolha pública e coletiva. Mais precisamente, eu defendo que a política governamental (ou planejamento estratégico) é influenciada pelo processo político e depende da organização da sociedade em grupos de pressão caçadores de renda. A primeira parte analisa as limitações exógenas à ação individual no Estado; a segunda parte refere-se ao problema de agenciamento, estudando o papel das limitações internas à ação individual dentro da organização. A conclusão discute como essa visão sobre política governamental introduzida aqui deve complementar o ponto de vista tradicional sobre a análise do processo político e as ações dos agentes públicos.

O processo decisório para obtenção de materiais de emprego militar no Exército Brasileiro

Este trabalho tem como objetivo descrever como os fatores racionais, organizacionais e políticos influenciam o processo decisório no Exército Brasileiro para a obtenção de Materiais de Emprego Militar (MEM). Utilizou-se a abordagem proposta no trabalho de Allison para análise das decisões durante a crise dos mísseis de Cuba em 1962. Os fatores racionais utilizados foram: cálculo, maximização de valor, impessoalidade, escolha racional e racionalidade limitada. Os fatores organizacionais foram: padrões e processos organizacionais, segmentação do problema, coordenação e controle centralizados, flexibilidade limitada, previsibilidade e cultura organizacional. Os fatores políticos utilizados foram: conflito, poder, negociação, contingências, cooptação, interesses e influência externa. Os resultados permitiram constatar que o processo decisório, mesmo ocorrendo em uma organização baseada em pressupostos racionais, sofre influência de fatores organizacionais e políticos.