Effect of rapid thermal annealing on electron emission and DX centers in strained InGaAs/GaAs single quantum well laser diodes

nThermal processing of strained ln(0.2)Ga(0.8)As/GaAs graded-index separate confinement heterostructure single quantum well laser diodes grown by molecular beam epitaxy is investigated. It was found that rapid thermal annealing can improve the 77 K photoluminescence efficiency and electron emission from the active layer, due to removal of nonradiative centers from the InGaAs/GaAs interface. Because of the interdiffusion of Al and Ga atoms, rapid thermal annealing increases simultaneously the density of DX centers in the AlGaAs graded layer. The current stressing experiments of post-growth and annealed laser diodes are indicative of a corresponding increase in the concentration of DX centers, suggesting that DX centers may be responsible for the degradation of laser diode performance.

Sol-gel-derived BPO4/Ba2+ as a new efficient and environmentally-friendly bluish-white luminescent material

In this paper, BPO4 and Ba2+-doped BPO4 powder samples were prepared by the sol-gel process using glycerol and poly(ethylene glycol) as additives. The structure and optical properties of the resulting samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), diffuse reflection spectra, photoluminescence (PL) excitation and emission spectra, quantum yield, kinetic decay, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), respectively. It was found that the undoped BPO4 showed a weak purple blue emission (409 nm, lifetime 6.4 ns) due to the carbon impurities involved in the host lattice. Doping Ba2+ into BPO4 resulted in oxygen-related defects as additional emission centers which enhanced the emission intensity greatly (> 10x) and shifted the emission to a longer-wavelength region (lambda(max) = 434 nm; chromaticity coordinates: x = 0.174, y = 0. 187) with a bluish-white color. The highest emission intensity was obtained ;when doping 6 mol % Ba2+ in BPO4, which has a quantum yield as high as 31%. The luminescent mechanisms of BPO4 and Ba2+-doped BPO4 were discussed in detail according to the existing models for silica-based materials.

A new luminescent material: Li2CaSiO4 : Eu2+

In our study, the Eu2+ doped Li2CaSiO4 phosphors were initially synthesized by high temperature solid state method, and their luminescent properties were also investigated. Eu2+ ions occupied 8-coordinatid distorted dodecahedral Ca sites, leading to strong crystal field splitting. The strong crystal field splitting made the broad excitation band extending from UV to visible region. In addition, the high concentration of Li+ ions in the structure constrained the distortion of the emission centers, then resulted in a small stokes shift, similar to 1100 cm(-1). Under excitation, the Li2CaSiO4:Eu2+ phosphors emitted bluish green light with peak of 480 nm, FWHM of 31 nm and color coordination of (0.06, 0.44). The Eu2+ doped Li2CaSiO4 phosphor would be suitable for bluish green phosphor of white LEDs due to its excellent excitation profile and chromaticity.

Luminescent centers of EU2+ in BaMgAl10O17 phosphor

Two kinds of luminescent centers an observed in BaMgAl10O17:Eu2+ phosphor. Influence of flux on luminescence of Eu2+ in the phosphor is discussed in detail. There exists Eu2+ (F-) center (a luminescent center with 277 nm excitation band and 386 nm emission band) due to the substitution of F- ions for O2- ions, Effective energy transfer from Eu2+ (F-) to Eu2+ (O2-) (a luminescent center with 334 nm excitation band and 450 nm emission band) is observed. The quenching concentration of Eu2+ in BaMgAl10O17 is raised by 0.20 mole per mole host due to forming of new luminescent center Eu2+ (F-). (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

bis-cis-dihydrodiols: A new class of metabolites resulting from biphenyl dioxygenase-catalyzed sequential asymmetric cis-dihydroxylation of polycyclic arenes and heteroarenes

The biphenyl dioxygenase-catalyzed asymmetric mono-cis-dihydroxylation of the tetracyclic arenes chrysene 1A, benzo[c]phenanthridine 1B, and benzo[b]naphtho[2,1-d]thiophene 1C, has been observed to occur exclusively at the bay or pseudo-bay region using the bacterium Sphingomonas yanoikuyae B8/36. The mono-cis-dihydrodiol derivatives 2A and 2C, obtained from chrysene 1A by oxidation at the 3,4-bond (2A) and benzo[b]naphtho[2,1-d]thiophene 1C by oxidation at the 1,2-bond (2C), respectively, have been observed to undergo a further dioxygenase-catalyzed asymmetric cis-dihydroxylation at a second bay or pseudo-bay region bond to yield the corresponding bis-cis-dihydrodiols (cis-tetraols) 4A and 4C, the first members of a new class of microbial metabolites in the polycyclic arene series. The enantiopurities and absolute configurations of the new mono-cis-dihydrodiols 2B, 2C, and 3B were determined by H-1 NMR analyses of the corresponding (R)- and (S)-2-(1-methoxyethyl)benzeneboronate (MPBA) ester derivatives. The structure and absolute configurations of the bis-cis-dihydrodiols 4A and 4C were unambiguously determined by spectral analyses, stereochemical correlations, and, for the metabolite 4C, X-ray crystallographic analysis of the bis-acetonide derivative 7C. These results illustrate the marked preference of biphenyl dioxygenase for the cis-di- and tetra-hydroxylations of polycyclic arenes, at the more hindered bay or pseudo-bay regions, by exclusive addition from the same (si:si) face, to yield single enantiomers containing two and four chiral centers.

ELIMED:A new hadron therapy concept based on laser driven ion beams

Laser accelerated proton beams have been proposed to be used in different research fields. A great interest has risen for the potential replacement of conventional accelerating machines with laser-based accelerators, and in particular for the development of new concepts of more compact and cheaper hadrontherapy centers. In this context the ELIMED (ELI MEDical applications) research project has been launched by INFN-LNS and ASCR-FZU researchers within the pan-European ELI-Beamlines facility framework. The ELIMED project aims to demonstrate the potential clinical applicability of optically accelerated proton beams and to realize a laser-accelerated ion transport beamline for multi-disciplinary user applications. In this framework the eye melanoma, as for instance the uveal melanoma normally treated with 62 MeV proton beams produced by standard accelerators, will be considered as a model system to demonstrate the potential clinical use of laser-driven protons in hadrontherapy, especially because of the limited constraints in terms of proton energy and irradiation geometry for this particular tumour treatment. Several challenges, starting from laser-target interaction and beam transport development up to dosimetry and radiobiology, need to be overcome in order to reach the ELIMED final goals. A crucial role will be played by the final design and realization of a transport beamline capable to provide ion beams with proper characteristics in terms of energy spectrum and angular distribution which will allow performing dosimetric tests and biological cell irradiation. A first prototype of the transport beamline has been already designed and other transport elements are under construction in order to perform a first experimental test with the TARANIS laser system by the end of 2013. A wide international collaboration among specialists of different disciplines like Physics, Biology, Chemistry, Medicine and medical doctors coming from Europe, Japan, and the US is growing up around the ELIMED project with the aim to work on the conceptual design, technical and experimental realization of this core beamline of the ELI Beamlines facility. © 2013 SPIE.

Molecular bases of classic galactosemia : searching for new therapeutic strategies

Tese de doutoramento, Farmácia (Biologia Celular e Molecular), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, 2014

Nouvelles directives assécurologiques pour la prise en charge de la chirurgie bariatrique: conséquences pratiques [New guidelines for bariatric surgery care: practical implications].

From the 1st of January 2011, new conditions have been validated in which surgery for weight loss is borne by the basic insurance. These are very significant changes compared to the old criteria. Indeed, on one hand, patients with BMI > or = 35 kg/m2 may, without age limit and in the absence of comorbidities benefit from surgery without prior request to the medical council health insurance company concerned. On the other hand, the notion of a minimum casuistry is for the first time introduced in centers performing this type of intervention. In addition, certified centers are required to follow standard procedures for the patients' teaching and follow up.

Head-to-head comparison of length of stay, patients' outcome and satisfaction in Switzerland before and after SwissDRG-Implementation in 2012 in 2012: an observational study in two tertiary university centers.

On 1 January 2012 Swiss Diagnosis Related Groups (DRG), a new uniform payment system for in-patients was introduced in Switzerland with the intention to replace a "cost-based" with a "case-based" reimbursement system to increase efficiency. With the introduction of the new payment system we aim to answer questions raised regarding length of stay as well as patients' outcome and satisfaction. This is a prospective, two-centre observational cohort study with data from University Hospital Basel and the Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Switzerland, from January to June 2011 and 2012, respectively. Consecutive in-patients with the main diagnosis of either community-acquired pneumonia, exacerbation of COPD, acute heart failure or hip fracture were included. A questionnaire survey was sent out after discharge investigating changes before and after SwissDRG implementation. Our primary endpoint was LOS. Of 1,983 eligible patients 841 returned the questionnaire and were included into the analysis (429 in 2011, 412 in 2012). The median age was 76.7 years (50.8% male). Patients in the two years were well balanced in regard to main diagnoses and co-morbidities. Mean LOS in the overall patient population was 10.0 days and comparable between the 2011 cohort and the 2012 cohort (9.7 vs 10.3; p = 0.43). Overall satisfaction with care changed only slightly after introduction of SwissDRG and remained high (89.0% vs 87.8%; p = 0.429). Investigating the influence of the implementation of SwissDRG in 2012 regarding LOS patients' outcome and satisfaction, we found no significant changes. However, we observed some noteworthy trends, which should be monitored closely.

High-Spin and Emissive Molecular Materials: Synthesis and Characterization of New Polynuclear Ni(II) Complexes from the Use of Aromatic Schiff Bases as Bridging Ligands

The employment of the bridging/chelating Schiff bases, N-salicylidene-4-methyl-o-aminophenol (samphH2) and N-naphthalidene-2-amino-5-chlorobenzoic acid (nacbH2), in nickel cluster chemistry has afforded eight polynuclear Ni(II) complexes with new structural motifs, interesting magnetic and optical properties, and unexpected organic ligand transformations. In the present thesis, Chapter 1 deals with all the fundamental aspects of polynuclear metal complexes, molecular magnetism and optics, while research results are reported in Chapters 2 and 3. In the first project (Chapter 2), I investigated the coordination chemistry of the organic chelating/bridging ligand, N-salicylidene-4-methyl-o-aminophenol (samphH2). The general NiII/tBuCO2-/samphH2 reaction system afforded two new tetranuclear NiII clusters, namely [Ni4(samph)4(EtOH)4] (1) and [Ni4(samph)4(DMF)2] (2), with different structural motifs. Complex 1 possessed a cubane core while in complex 2 the four NiII ions were located at the four vertices of a defective dicubane. The nature of the organic solvent was found to be of pivotal importance, leading to compounds with the same nuclearity, but different structural topologies and magnetic properties. The second project, the results of which are summarized in Chapter 3, included the systematic study of a new optically-active Schiff base ligand, N-naphthalidene-2-amino-5-chlorobenzoic acid (nacbH2), in NiII cluster chemistry. Various reactions between NiX2 (X- = inorganic anions) and nacbH2 were performed under basic conditions to yield six new polynuclear NiII complexes, namely (NHEt3)[Ni12(nacb)12(H2O)4](ClO4) (3), (NHEt3)2[Ni5(nacb)4(L)(LH)2(MeOH)] (4), [Ni5(OH)2(nacb)4(DMF)4] (5), [Ni5(OMe)Cl(nacb)4(MeOH)3(MeCN)] (6), (NHEt3)2[Ni6(OH)2(nacb)6(H2O)4] (7), and [Ni6(nacb)6(H2O)3(MeOH)6] (8). The nature of the solvent, the inorganic anion, X-, and the organic base were all found to be of critical importance, leading to products with different structural topologies and nuclearities (i.e., {Ni5}, {Ni6} and {Ni12}). Magnetic studies on all synthesized complexes revealed an overall ferromagnetic behavior for complexes 4 and 8, with the remaining complexes being dominated by antiferromagnetic exchange interactions. In order to assess the optical efficiency of the organic ligand when bound to the metal centers, photoluminescence studies were performed on all synthesized compounds. Complexes 4 and 5 show strong emission in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Finally, the ligand nacbH2 allowed for some unexpected organic transformations to occur; for instance, the pentanuclear compound 5 comprises both nacb2- groups and a new organic chelate, namely the anion of 5-chloro-2-[(3-hydroxy-4-oxo-1,4-dihydronaphthalen-1-yl)amino]benzoic acid. In the last section of this thesis, an attempt to compare the NiII cluster chemistry of the N-naphthalidene-2-amino-5-chlorobenzoic acid ligand with that of the structurally similar but less bulky, N-salicylidene-2-amino-5-chlorobenzoic acid (sacbH2), was made.

Influence des structures commerciales de types lifestyle centers sur la centralité de leurs régions périphériques : le cas du Quartier DIX30 à Brossard

Le commerce a connu à travers le temps de nombreuses évolutions, tant dans sa forme que dans son implantation, passant de grands magasins prestigieux dans le cœur des villes au début du XXe siècle à de grands centres commerciaux à la jonction d’autoroute dans les années 2000. Le lifestyle center est la forme commerciale la plus aboutie, concept américain existant depuis les années 80, il est apparu pour la première fois au Québec en 2006 à Brossard sur la Rive-Sud de Montréal. Ses caractéristiques hors du commun ; une surface de vente de près de 2 000 000 pi² faisant de lui un centre d’envergure supra régional, son agencement de boutiques en plein air regroupé autour d’une rue piétonne ainsi qu’un mix commercial extrêmement varié rompt avec les traditionnels centres commerciaux existants. Ainsi en s’implantant à Brossard le Quartier DIX30 est venu modifier profondément la structure commerciale de la Rive-Sud en s’imposant comme un contre poids de taille par rapport à la domination du pôle des Promenades Saint-Bruno. Cependant, le Quartier DIX30 ne va pas seulement modifier cette structure commerciale, mais plus globalement la centralité urbaine de la Rive-Sud en s’imposant comme un pôle central majeur. Le Quartier DIX30 grâce à sa mixité d’activité et son concept favorisant les interactions sociales est en train d’insuffler un mouvement de concentration d’activité commerciale et tertiaire. Ainsi aujourd’hui se développe au pourtour du Quartier DIX30 de nombreux locaux à bureaux. Cependant, cette nouvelle centralité créée par le Quartier DIX30 soulève des interrogations notamment vis-à-vis de la privatisation d’un espace s’imposant de plus en plus comme un des pôles principaux de croissance de la Rive-Sud. Ainsi, une question légitime se pose, ne sommes-nous pas en train d’assister à une privatisation d’un centre-ville en devenir ?

Estrategias de tercerización en Colombia como centro de operaciones enfocado a los Call Centers en Barranquilla

El sector BPO&O es un sector con alto potencial en Colombia que aún se encuentra Incipiente. Dentro de este sector, los Call Centers juegan un papel importante para su desarrollo y Barranquilla posee grandes cualidades para permitir este crecimiento si se plantean las estrategias adecuadas.

New perspectives on the Northern Hemisphere winter storm tracks

The aim of this paper is to explore the use of both an Eulerian and system-centered method of storm track diagnosis applied to a wide range of meteorological fields at multiple levels to provide a range of perspectives on the Northern Hemisphere winter transient motions and to give new insight into the storm track organization and behavior. The data used are primarily from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts reanalyses project extended with operational analyses to the period 1979-2000. This is supplemented by data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction and Goddard Earth Observing System 1 reanalyses. The range of fields explored include the usual mean sea level pressure and the lower- and upper-tropospheric height, meridional wind, vorticity, and temperature, as well as the potential vorticity (PV) on a 330-K isentropic surface (PV330) and potential temperature on a PV = 2 PVU surface (theta(PV2)). As well as reporting the primary analysis based on feature tracking, the standard Eulerian 2-6-day bandpass filtered variance analysis is also reported and contrasted with the tracking diagnostics. To enable the feature points to be identified as extrema for all the chosen fields, a planetary wave background structure is removed at each data time. The bandpass filtered variance derived from the different fields yield a rich picture of the nature and comparative magnitudes of the North Pacific and Atlantic storm tracks, and of the Siberian and Mediterranean candidates for storm tracks. The feature tracking allows the cyclonic and anticyclonic activities to be considered seperately. The analysis indicates that anticyclonic features are generally much weaker with less coherence than the cyclonic systems. Cyclones and features associated with them are shown to have much greater coherence and give tracking diagnostics that create a vivid storm track picture that includes the aspects highlighted by the variances as well as highlighting aspects that are not readily available from Eulerian studies. In particular, the upper-tropospheric features as shown by negative theta(PV2), for example, occur in a band spiraling around the hemisphere from the subtropical North Atlantic eastward to the high latitudes of the same ocean basin. Lower-troposphere storm tracks occupy more limited longitudinal sectors, with many of the individual storms possibly triggered from the upper-tropospheric disturbances in the spiral band of activity.

Crops and cultures in the Pacific: new data and new techniques for the investigation of old questions

Fifty years ago Carl Sauer suggested, controversially and on the basis of theory rather than evidence, that Southeast Asia was the source area for agriculture throughout the Old World, including the Pacific. Since then, the archaeobotanical record (macroscopic and microscopic) from the Pacific islands has increased, leading to suggestions, also still controversial, that Melanesia was a center of origin of agriculture independent of South-east Asia, based on tree fruits and nuts and vegetatively propagated starchy staples. Such crops generally lack morphological markers of domestication, so exploitation, cultivation and domestication cannot easily be distinguished in the archaeological record. Molecular studies involving techniques such as chromosome painting, DNA fingerprinting and DNA sequencing, can potentially complement the archaeological record by suggesting where species which were spread through the Pacific by man originated and by what routes they attained their present distributions. A combination of archaeobotanical and molecular studies should therefore eventually enable the rival claims of Melanesia versus South-east Asia as independent centers of invention of agriculture to be assessed.

Syntheses and crystal structures of two new coordination polymers of Cd(II) using organic spacer and inorganic-bridging ligands

Two new cadmium (II) complexes [Cd(hmt)(dca)(2)] (n) (1) and [Cd-3(hmt)(2)(SeCN)(6)(H2O)(2)] (n) (2) (hmt=hexamethylenetetramine, dca=dicyanamide) have been synthesized and characterized by X-ray single-crystal analysis. The complex 1 is a 2D rectangular grid of octahedral cadmium (II) with CdN6 chromophore where cadmium centers are doubly bridged by dicyanamide and hmt along a-axis, which are interlinked by dicyanamide running along c-axis. Whereas, complex 2 is a 1D chain of octahedral cadmium (II) with a three-leg ladder topology running along a-axis. The Cd(II) centers are doubly bridged through SeCN (infinite rail) along a-axis and singly bridged by hmt (two-step rung) along c-axis, having cadmium centers with CdSe2N3O and CdSe2N4 chromophores. The adjacent chains through H-bonding between coordinated water and hmt, and (SeSe)-Se-... interaction are extended to 2D supramolecular architecture.