Localisation of B2C Marketing Communications on the Internet. Case: New Product Launch

Tavoitteena on tutkia kuluttajille suunnatun markkinointiviestinnän lokalisointia Internetissä uuden tuotteen lanseerauksen yhteydessä. Vaikka Internet on globaali media, sen haasteena on tarjota paikallisesti kuluttajille merkityksellistä sisältöä, sekä ylläpitää yhtenäistä brandia. Tutkimus on toteutettu deskriptiivisenä tapaustutkimuksena globaalissa tietoliikenneyrityksessä, ja se perustuu haastatteluihin sekä valmiiseen aineistoon. Lyhentyneet kulutuselektroniikan elinkaaret, nopeat tuotelanseeraukset, kasvava yhteistyö ulkopuolisten kumppanien kanssa sekä markkinointiviestinnän integraation tarve aiheuttavat ajoitusongelmia lokalisointiin. Yhtenäinen web infrastruktuuri, työkalut ja globaalit prosessit mahdollistavat kustannustehokkaan lokalisoinnin business-tilanteen muuttuessa ja kultturieroista johtuen. Tässä tutkimuksessa on selvitetty neljän tekijän (ympäristö, tuote, kuluttaja, organisaatiostrategia) vaikutusta lokalisointiin. Jotta maiden parhaita menettelytapoja voidaan hyödyntää nykyistä paremmin ja välttää kultturierojen sivuuttaminen, tarvitaan sekä ’virallista’ että vapaamuotoista seurantaa. Globaalin Internet-sivuston ja lukuisten kansallisten sivustojen ylläpitäminen vaatii Internet-sivustojen fokuksen tarkkaa noudattamista, globaalia segmentointia, ja sen mukaista sisällön tarjontaa kuluttajille.

Customer reference marketing in a business to business context

This study focuses on the phenomenon of customer reference marketing in a business tobusiness (B to B) context. Although customer references are generally considered an important marketing and sales tool, the academic literature has paid surprisingly little attention to the phenomenon. The study suggests that customer references could be viewed as important marketing assets for industrial suppliers, and the ability to build, manage and leverage customer reference portfolios systematically constitutes a relevant marketing capability. The role of customer references is examined in the context of the industrial suppliers' shift towards a solution and project orientation and in the light of the on going changes in the project business. Suppliers in several industry sectors are undergoing a change from traditional equipment manufacturing towards project and solution oriented business. It is argued in this thesis that the high complexity, the project oriented nature and the intangible service elements that characterise many contemporary B to B offerings further increase the role of customer references. The study proposes three mechanisms of customer reference marketing: status transfer, validation through testimonials and the demonstration of experience and prior performance. The study was conducted in the context of Finnish B to B process technology and information technology companies. The empirical data comprises 38 interviews with managers of four case companies, 165 customer reference descriptions gathered from six case companies' Web sites, as well as company internal material. The findings from the case studies show that customer references have various external and internal functions that contribute to the growth and performance of B to B firms. Externally, customer references bring status transfer effects from reputable customers, concretise and demonstrate complex solutions, and provide indirect evidence of experience, previous performance, technological functionality and delivered customer value. They can also be leveraged internally to facilitate organisational learning and training, advance offering development, and motivate personnel. Major reference projects create new business opportunities and can be used as a vehicle for strategic change. The findings of the study shed light on the on going changing orientations in the project business environment, increase understanding of the variety of ways in which customer references can be deployed as marketing assets, and provide a framework of the relevant tasks and activities related to building, managing and leveraging a firm's customer reference portfolio. The findings contribute to the industrial marketing research, to the literature on marketing assets and capabilities and to the literature on projects and solutions. The proposed functions and mechanisms of customer reference marketing bring a more thorough and structured understanding about the essence and characteristics of the phenomenon and give a wide ranging view of the role of customer references as marketing assets for B to B firms. The study suggests several managerial implications for industrial suppliers in order to systematise customer reference marketing efforts.

Customer reference marketing and utilization of social media as an integral part of customer references

The objective of this Bachelor's Thesis is to find out the role of social media in the B-to-B marketing environment of the information technology industry and to discover how IT-firms utilize social media as a part of their customer reference marketing. To reach the objectives the concepts of customer reference marketing and social media are determined. Customer reference marketing can be characterized as one of the most practically relevant but academically relatively overlooked ways in which a company can leverage its customers and delivered solutions and use them as references in its marketing activities. We will cover which external and internal functions customer references have, that contribute to the growth and performance of B-to-B firms. We also address the three mechanisms of customer reference marketing which are 'status transfer', 'validation through testimonials' and 'demonstration of experience and prior performance'. The concept of social media stands for social interaction and creation of user-based content which exclusively occurs through Internet. The social media are excellent tools for networking because of the fast and easy access, easy interaction and vast amount of multimedia attributes. The allocation of social media is determined. The case company helps clarify the specific characteristics of social media usage as part of customer-reference-marketing activities. For IT-firms the best channels to utilize social media in their customer reference marketing activities are publishing and distribution services of content and networking services.

Optimization as a method of search engine marketing

This study is dedicated to search engine marketing (SEM). It aims for developing a business model of SEM firms and to provide explicit research of trustworthy practices of virtual marketing companies. Optimization is a general term that represents a variety of techniques and methods of the web pages promotion. The research addresses optimization as a business activity, and it explains its role for the online marketing. Additionally, it highlights issues of unethical techniques utilization by marketers which created relatively negative attitude to them on the Internet environment. Literature insight combines in the one place both technical and economical scientific findings in order to highlight technological and business attributes incorporated in SEM activities. Empirical data regarding search marketers was collected via e-mail questionnaires. 4 representatives of SEM companies were engaged in this study to accomplish the business model design. Additionally, the fifth respondent was a representative of the search engine portal, who provided insight on relations between search engines and marketers. Obtained information of the respondents was processed qualitatively. Movement of commercial organizations to the online market increases demand on promotional programs. SEM is the largest part of online marketing, and it is a prerogative of search engines portals. However, skilled users, or marketers, are able to implement long-term marketing programs by utilizing web page optimization techniques, key word consultancy or content optimization to increase web site visibility to search engines and, therefore, user’s attention to the customer pages. SEM firms are related to small knowledge-intensive businesses. On the basis of data analysis the business model was constructed. The SEM model includes generalized constructs, although they represent a wider amount of operational aspects. Constructing blocks of the model includes fundamental parts of SEM commercial activity: value creation, customer, infrastructure and financial segments. Also, approaches were provided on company’s differentiation and competitive advantages evaluation. It is assumed that search marketers should apply further attempts to differentiate own business out of the large number of similar service providing companies. Findings indicate that SEM companies are interested in the increasing their trustworthiness and the reputation building. Future of the search marketing is directly depending on search engines development.

Viitearkkitehtuuri Windows-sovelluksen käyttöliittymän modernisoimiseksi web-sovellukseksi

IT-järjestelmillä on tärkeä rooli organisaation liiketoiminnassa. Koska organisaation liiketoimintavaatimukset ja strategia muuttuvat ympäröivän maailman mukaan, täytyy järjestelmän arkkitehtuurin sopeutua vallitsevaan tilanteeseen sekä mahdollisiin muutoksiin lyhyellä ja pitkällä aikavälillä. Modernin web-sovelluksen arkkitehtuuri sopeutuu organisaation liiketoiminnan haasteisiin. Erityisesti hallinnolliseksi ongelmaksi organisaatiossa muodostuvat Windows-sovellukset, koska niiden ylläpito sitoo henkilöresursseja ja niiden käyttökonteksti on rajallinen. Tästä syystä organisaatiot ovat käyneet etsimään ratkaisuja kuinka korvata Windows-sovellukset web-sovelluksilla. Kustannustehokas ratkaisu on modernisoida Windows-sovelluksen käyttöliittymä web-sovellukseksi. Tämän diplomityön tavoitteena oli laatia Logica Suomi Oy yritykselle viitearkkitehtuuri Win-dows-sovelluksen käyttöliittymän modernisoimiseksi web-sovellukseksi. Työ suoritettiin Proof of Concept projektissa, jossa modernisointiin Logican pääkäyttäjäsovellus. Työn tarkoituksena oli tunnistaa laajalti käytetyt arkkitehtuurimallit ja menetelmät jotka mahdollistavat modernisoinnin toteutuksen. Lisäksi tarkoitus oli tunnistaa menetelmät ja ohjelmistot jotka mahdollistavat kustannustehokkaan ja laadukkaan web-sovelluksen kehittämisen ja toteuttamisen. Työn osatavoitteena oli laatia modernisoitavan pääkäyttäjäsovelluksen kokonaisarkkitehtuuri. Työn tuloksena saatiin viitearkkitehtuuri jota voidaan käyttää ja hyödyntää ohjelmistokehitysprojekteissa, asiakkaan dokumentaatiossa, myynnissä ja markkinoinnissa. Viitearkkitehtuurissa on esitelty modernit web-teknologiat joilla on mahdollista toteuttaa web-sovellus jonka käyttökokemus vastaa Windows-sovellusta. Lisäksi tuloksena saatiin pääkäyttäjäsovelluksen kokonaisarkkitehtuuri, jonka tärkeimpiä tuloksia ovat modernisoinnin tavoitetila ja sovellusarkkitehtuuri. Tärkeimpiä jatkotoimenpiteitä ovat viitearkkitehtuuriin pohjautuvan modernisointiviitekehyksen laadinta sekä modernisointiprojektin arviointiin käytettävien mittareiden määrittely, suunnittelu ja toteutus. Relevanttien mittareiden avulla voidaan todeta, vastaako modernisoitu sovellus organisaation liiketoimintavaatimuksia ja strategiaa.

Measuring effects of strategic utilization of social media in business-to-business marketing: Case Greenlux Finland Oy

Utilization of social media is increasingly common in B2B marketing. Social media is an efficient and cheap marketing and communication channel available for everyone, and thus extremely attractive marketing medium. The more companies get involved in social media the more failures are reported. It is not enough for a company to just be present in social media. Succeeding on it requires hard work, investing time and money, and ability to measure and to monitor performance. With an increasing number of companies failing in utilizing social media, together with lack of research on strategic utilization of social media focusing on B2B marketing, measuring, and monitoring create a purpose for this research. The aim of this research is to discover methods for measuring and monitoring effects of strategic utilization of social media in B2B marketing. Most relevant financial and non-financial indicators are discussed, and the methods by which these can be monitored and measured. In addition, effects of strategic utilization of social media on the case company are measured and analyzed. The research methodology used in this research is a participatory action research, which includes elements of both qualitative and quantitative research methods. The case company examined in the research provides a unique opportunity to follow through all phases of strategic utilization of social media for B2B marketing purposes concluding real effects of social media to the case company, and thus gain a deep understanding about this new marketing medium in the perspective of B2B marketing. Duration of the research period is seven months. During this time, information is collected, measured, and analyzed. Case company does not have any other marketing activities simultaneously which makes it possible to examine social media apart from effects of other visible marketing activities. Effects of strategic utilization of social media can be monitored and measured in many ways. Methods that should be used depend on goals set for social media. Fundamental nature of social media requires multidimensional assessment, and thus effects should be measured, and monitored considering both financial and non-financial indicators. The results implicates that effects of strategic utilization of social media are relatively wide ranged. According to the findings, social media affects positively on brand, number of web page visitors, visitor behavior, and on distribution of awareness. According to investment calculations social media is a legitimate investment for case company. Results also implicate that by using social media case company gains conversation, arouses interest, gets attention, and creates interactivity. In addition and as a side note, winter holiday season appears to have a great effect on social media activity of B2B companies’ representatives.

THE ROLE OF CULTURAL AWARENESS IN BUILDING CHINESE HEALTH FOOD BRANDS Using Netnography in Searching Cultural Arguments to Be Used for Marketing Health Foods in China

Despite the complexity of the Chinese culture consumer product businesses should apply them in building brands for Chinese markets. There are reasons to believe that cultural values and attitudes affect the buying behavior of Chinese consumers. Companies that wish to create brands in China should therefore be aware of the prevailing cultural values and consumer attitudes. This thesis will examine which values and attitudes mostly affect Chinese consumers of health food products. The study will be done by conducting a netnography. Because netnography is actually a collection methods rather than a single method, other auxiliary methods will also be applied. These methods are emotion, language and sentiment analysis (ELS analysis). Emotion analysis will be conducted because cultural values are mostly built on emotional basis. Sentiment analysis will assist in recognizing the key factors that help to locate values and attitudes. Because the netnography will be conducted in Chinese web forums by a non-native researcher, linguistic aspects should also be analyzed in parallel with emotions and sentiment analysis. The study shows that the Chinese consumers of health food products put much importance on functional, analytical and collectivistic attitudes as well as social and psychological values. Of all the twelve cultural values defined, the role of family rose above all. Also perseverance, frugality, guanxi and harmony were highly presented. The attitudes were found by recognizing certain attitude factors. Of all the factors, health foods’ functional benefits and aesthetic content together with consumers’ value consciousness surpassed other factors. Besides these results that can be applied by foreign health food companies willing to enter Chinese consumer markets, also academia can benefit this new approach for conducting ethnographies online.

Conoce el mundo de los negocios por internet. Cómo estructurar, implementar y aprovechar las estrategias de e-Marketing: Preguntas frecuentes

Bogotá Emprende

Search engine advertising in web retailing : an efficiency analysis

This study examines the efficiency of search engine advertising strategies employed by firms. The research setting is the online retailing industry, which is characterized by extensive use of Web technologies and high competition for market share and profitability. For Internet retailers, search engines are increasingly serving as an information gateway for many decision-making tasks. In particular, Search engine advertising (SEA) has opened a new marketing channel for retailers to attract new customers and improve their performance. In addition to natural (organic) search marketing strategies, search engine advertisers compete for top advertisement slots provided by search brokers such as Google and Yahoo! through keyword auctions. The rationale being that greater visibility on a search engine during a keyword search will capture customers' interest in a business and its product or service offerings. Search engines account for most online activities today. Compared with the slow growth of traditional marketing channels, online search volumes continue to grow at a steady rate. According to the Search Engine Marketing Professional Organization, spending on search engine marketing by North American firms in 2008 was estimated at $13.5 billion. Despite the significant role SEA plays in Web retailing, scholarly research on the topic is limited. Prior studies in SEA have focused on search engine auction mechanism design. In contrast, research on the business value of SEA has been limited by the lack of empirical data on search advertising practices. Recent advances in search and retail technologies have created datarich environments that enable new research opportunities at the interface of marketing and information technology. This research uses extensive data from Web retailing and Google-based search advertising and evaluates Web retailers' use of resources, search advertising techniques, and other relevant factors that contribute to business performance across different metrics. The methods used include Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), data mining, and multivariate statistics. This research contributes to empirical research by analyzing several Web retail firms in different industry sectors and product categories. One of the key findings is that the dynamics of sponsored search advertising vary between multi-channel and Web-only retailers. While the key performance metrics for multi-channel retailers include measures such as online sales, conversion rate (CR), c1ick-through-rate (CTR), and impressions, the key performance metrics for Web-only retailers focus on organic and sponsored ad ranks. These results provide a useful contribution to our organizational level understanding of search engine advertising strategies, both for multi-channel and Web-only retailers. These results also contribute to current knowledge in technology-driven marketing strategies and provide managers with a better understanding of sponsored search advertising and its impact on various performance metrics in Web retailing.

Análisis de la estrategia de campaña del candidato Antanas Mockus (marzo 2010 - junio 2010) a la luz de las herramientas del marketing político moderno de Philippe Maarek.

En el siguiente documento se hace un análisis de la contienda electoral del 2010 en Colombia, haciendo un mayor énfasis en la campaña del candidato Antanas Mockus a la luz de las herramientas del marketing político moderno según Philippe Maarek.

Web Design History, Web Advertising and Web Promotion.

Files related to two talks on Web Design History, Web Design Advertising and Promotion. Session 1 - 1 hour lecture on the history of design on the web (30 mins) and web advertising direct and viral (30mins). Session 2 - 1 hour lecture on using the web for promotion and marketing.

Plataforma web y sistema integral de incentivos basado en el esquema de cupones online y el mercado de compras colectivas

En este trabajo se realiza una descripción y análisis del esquema de funcionamiento detrás del emergente mercado de las compras colectivas y los cupones online desde una perspectiva tanto teórica como empírica. Inicialmente, se desarrolla un marco teórico teniendo en cuenta elementos de: teoría económica, e-marketing y comercio electrónico en los que se basa éste mercado. Posteriormente, se muestra el proyecto de implementación de una plataforma virtual y un sistema de incentivos basado en el esquema de cupones online desarrollado por el autor para la franquicia de tarjetas de crédito Diners Club International del Banco Davivienda S.A. en Colombia

El uso en las organizaciones de venta al por mayor del marketing mediante la relación estratégica comunitaria y efectividad de la misma

Se busca ver cuál es el uso que las organizaciones hacen del concepto y estrategias comunitarias mediante el marketing; aunque existen varias formas de fidelizar el cliente, en el sector de comercio al por mayor, se vio una gran dificultad de acercarse al consumidor. Una de las formas más fáciles y efectivas de hacerlo es por medio de comunidades ya que elimina las barreras de mercado y crea vínculos entre cliente-empresa. Para esto se utilizó el análisis de caso, seleccionando una organización de relevancia en el sector de venta al por mayor. En dicha organización no se encontró el uso de la relación estratégica comunitaria de forma directa, aunque se vio un interés en incorporarlo; esto se evaluó mediante fuentes de evidencia, tales como entrevistas, informes financieros de la compañía, documentos que proporciono la organizaciones, pagina web e información del comercio de venta al por mayor y fundamentación teórica para realizar un óptimo análisis. A la empresa se le recomienda incorporar en sus planes estratégicos la relación estratégica comunitaria; esto ayudaría a eliminar barreras de mercado, identificar las necesidades o nuevos nichos de mercado.