Motivação e desempenho dos funcionários da administração pública cabo-verdiana actual

The process of changes that have been taking place in contemporary world reaches undoubtedly to the public sector. The quest for a new public management, that seeks to provide quality and effective services to the citizens, has been the target of contemporary State. Within this framework, the study of people inside publics organizations becomes strategic. Knowledge is generated, processed, and communicated at great speed, taking society to adopt new approaches. In order to meet the challenges of the new millennium, organizations must thing more of people and, above all, they must be more concerned with creating incentives that can motivate their collaborators to achieve not only the objectives of the organization but also personal objectives of each individual, since there is no point in gaining profit and having productivity if the organization do not develop policies and practices that focus on the human being. Motivation implies accomplishment feelings and professional recognition, expressed by means of executing tasks and activities that are sufficiently challenging and meaningful to the job. The truth is that the adoption of a public management focused on quality requires changes in organization culture, requiring mainly motivation, which leads to efforts, dedication, persistence, and commitment. This work is intended to research motivation as a tool to achieve productivity and excellence in the performance of activities in Cape Verdean Public Administration. To achieve the aim of this work, a bibliographical research on Human Resources Administration as well as different theories related to work motivation in organizations was conducted. The inquisitive method was used based upon a written questionnaire aimed at obtaining data referring to motivation of Public Administration workers.

Motivação e desempenho dos funcionários da administração pública cabo-verdiana actual

O processo de mudanças que vem acontecendo no mundo contemporâneo alcança, inevitavelmente, o sector público. A busca de uma nova gestão pública, que procure prestar serviços ao cidadão com qualidade e eficiência tem sido o alvo a ser alcançado pelo Estado contemporâneo. Dentro desse prisma o estudo das pessoas dentro das organizações públicas apresenta-se como estratégico. O conhecimento é gerado, processado e comunicado a grande velocidade, o que leva a sociedade a assumir novas posturas. Para enfrentar os desafios do novo milénio, as organizações terão que pensar mais nas pessoas e sobretudo, preocupar-se mais em criar estímulos que motivem os colaboradores para alcançarem tanto os objectivos da organização quanto os objectivos pessoais de cada um porque não adianta obter lucro e produtividade se a organização não desenvolver políticas e práticas que privilegiam o ser humano. Motivação envolve sentimentos de realização e de reconhecimento profissional, manifestado por meio de exercícios das tarefas e actividades que oferecem suficiente desafio e significado para o trabalho. A verdade é que a adopção de uma gestão pública focada na qualidade requer mudanças na cultura organizacional, exigindo principalmente motivação, que conduz ao esforço, dedicação, persistência e comprometimento. Com o presente trabalho pretende-se investigar a motivação como uma ferramenta para alcançar a produtividade e a excelência no desempenho das actividades na Administração Pública Cabo-verdiana. Para alcançar o objectivo deste trabalho, fez-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre a Administração dos Recursos Humanos e sobre as diversas teorias relacionadas com a motivação para o trabalho nas organizações. Utilizou-se o método inquisitivo baseado num interrogatório escrito para se obter dados referentes a motivação dos funcionários da Administração Pública.

Motivação e desempenho dos funcionários da administração pública cabo-verdiana actual

The process of changes that have been taking place in contemporary world reaches undoubtedly to the public sector. The quest for a new public management, that seeks to provide quality and effective services to the citizens, has been the target of contemporary State. Within this framework, the study of people inside publics organizations becomes strategic. Knowledge is generated, processed, and communicated at great speed, taking society to adopt new approaches. In order to meet the challenges of the new millennium, organizations must thing more of people and, above all, they must be more concerned with creating incentives that can motivate their collaborators to achieve not only the objectives of the organization but also personal objectives of each individual, since there is no point in gaining profit and having productivity if the organization do not develop policies and practices that focus on the human being. Motivation implies accomplishment feelings and professional recognition, expressed by means of executing tasks and activities that are sufficiently challenging and meaningful to the job. The truth is that the adoption of a public management focused on quality requires changes in organization culture, requiring mainly motivation, which leads to efforts, dedication, persistence, and commitment. This work is intended to research motivation as a tool to achieve productivity and excellence in the performance of activities in Cape Verdean Public Administration. To achieve the aim of this work, a bibliographical research on Human Resources Administration as well as different theories related to work motivation in organizations was conducted. The inquisitive method was used based upon a written questionnaire aimed at obtaining data referring to motivation of Public Administration workers.

When Preference Is Not Satisfied but the Individual Is: How Power Distance Affects Person-Job Fit

One aspect of person-job fit reflects congruence between personal preferences and job design; as congruence increases so should satisfaction. We hypothesized that power distance would moderate whether fit is related to satisfaction with degree of job formalization. We obtained measures of job-formalization, fit and satisfaction, as well as organizational commitment from employees (n = 772) in a multinational firm with subsidiaries in six countries. Confirming previous findings, individuals from low power-distance cultures were most satisfied with increasing fit. However, the extent to which individuals from high power-distance cultures were satisfied did not necessarily depend on increasing fit, but mostly on whether the degree of formalization received was congruent to cultural norms. Irrespective of culture, satisfaction with formalization predicted a broad measure of organizational commitment. Apart from our novel extension of fit theory, we show how moderation can be tested in the context of polynomial response surface regression and how specific hypotheses can be tested regarding different points on the response surface.

Organisational innovations and health care decentralisation: A perspective from Spain

Recent policy developments in public health care systems lead to a greater diversity in health care. Decentralisation, either geographically or at an institutional level, is the key force, because it encourages innovation and local initiatives in health care provision. The devolution of responsibilities allows for a sort of de-construction of the status quo by changing both organizational forms and service provision. The new organizations enjoy greater freedom in the way they pay their staff, and are judged according to their results. These organizations may retain financial surpluses, develop spin-off companies and commission a range of specialised services (such as Diagnostic and Treatment Centres in UK) from providers outside the institutional setting in order to have more access to capital markets. However this diversity may generate a feeling of lack of commitment to a national health service and ultimately a loss of social cohesion. By fiscal decentralisation to regional authorities or planned delegation of financial agreements to the providers, financial incentives are more explicit and may seem to place profit-making above a commitment to better health care. An evaluation of the myths and realities of the decentralization process is needed. Here, I offer an assessment pros and cons of the decentralization process of health care in Spain, drawing on the experience of regional reforms from the pioneering organisational innovations implemented in Catalonia in 1981, up to the observed dispersion of health care spending per capita among regions at present.

Constitution, Diversification and Normalisation of a Health Problem: Organising the Fight against AIDS in Switzerland (1984-2005)

The article traces the formation, diversification and normalization of the AIDS cause in Switzerland. Particular emphasis is placed on interactions between the medical field, public authorities and associative space, the latter being understood as the place where individual and collective actors compete to define the cause. The authors argue that the major phases in the structuring of the struggle, the pace of state intervention and the creation of a multi-organizational field, can only be understood if one adopts a 'configurational perspective' attentive to the manner in which, in a given context and under the effect of particular constraints, key actors strategically interact and contribute to transforming their environment and their chances of reaching their goals. This approach takes into account the changing socio-biological characteristics of those who have committed themselves to the cause. In turn, internal movement divisions about how to respond to the epidemic as well as the changing perceptions of the disease have modified the opportunities for commitment, encouraging certain individual kinds of people and excluding others.

Human Capital Questionnaire (PHCQ): Assessment of European nurses' perception as indicators of human capital quality

Healthcare accreditation models generally include indicators related to healthcare employees' perceptions (e.g. satisfaction, career development, and health safety). During the accreditation process, organizations are asked to demonstrate the methods with which assessments are made. However, none of the models provide standardized systems for the assessment of employees. In this study, we analyzed the psychometric properties of an instrument for the assessment of nurses' perceptions as indicators of human capital quality in healthcare organizations. The Human Capital Questionnaire was applied to a sample of 902 nurses in four European countries (Spain, Portugal, Poland, and the UK). Exploratory factor analysis identified six factors: satisfaction with leadership, identification and commitment, satisfaction with participation, staff well-being, career development opportunities, and motivation. The results showed the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, which when applied to healthcare organizations, provide a better understanding of nurses' perceptions, and is a parsimonious instrument for assessment and organizational accreditation. From a practical point of view, improving the quality of human capital, by analyzing nurses and other healthcare employees' perceptions, is related to workforce empowerment.

Alaistaito osuustoiminnallisessa yrityksessä

Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on kuvata ja ymmärtää osuustoiminnallisen yrityksen alaistaitoja henkilöstön näkökulmasta. Alaistaitoja pyritään ymmärtämään psykologisen sopimuksen, luottamuksen ja organisaatioon sitoutumisen kautta. Tavoitteena on kartoittaa henkilöstön käsityksiä alaistaidoista. Lisäksi pyritään ymmärtämään mitä osuustoiminnallisuus on henkilöstön näkökulmasta ja minkälaisia yhteyksiä sillä on henkilöstön alaistaitoihin. Tutkimus on luonteeltaan laadullinen tutkimus, jossa tutkimusmetodina on käytetty teemahaastattelua. Tutkimuksen aineisto on kerätty kahdellatoista yksilöhaastattelulla tutkimuksen kohteena olevan organisaation henkilöstöstä. Tutkimustulosten perusteella voidaan todeta, että toimihenkilöiden hahmottamat mahdollisuudet olla osallisena johtamistyössä sekä esimiesten odotukset ja toiveet alaisten toteuttamista alaistaidoista ovat samansuuntaisia. Eroavaisuudet toimihenkilöiden ja esimiesten alaistaito käsityksistä liittyvät työyhteisöön ja esimieheen suuntautuvaan vuorovaikutukseen sekä ammatillisen kasvun menetelmiin. Osuustoiminnallisuus luo pohjaa yhteisöllisyydellä ja sitoutumisen kautta.

Henkilöstön suhde osuuspankkiin

Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on kuvata ja ymmärtää henkilöstön suhdetta suomalaiseen osuustoiminnalliseen organisaatioon. Suhdetta pyritään ymmärtämään organisaatioon identifioitumisen, psykologisen omistajuuden, organisaatioon sitoutumisen ja psykologisen sopimuksen kautta. Tavoitteena on tulkita mikä näistä henkilöstön ja organisaation suhdetta kuvaavista käsitteistä auttaa parhaiten ymmärtämään kyseistä suhdetta. Lisäksi pyritään ymmärtämään osuustoiminnallisuuden merkitystä henkilöstön ja organisaation suhteessa. Tutkimus on luonteeltaan laadullinen tutkimus, jossa tutkimusmetodina on käytetty teemahaastattelua. Tutkimuksen aineisto on kerätty kahdellatoistayksilöhaastattelulla tutkimuksen kohteena olevan organisaation henkilöstöstä. Haastateltavien valinnalla pyrittiin saamaan mahdollisimman laaja ja monipuolinenkuva organisaatiosta mm. henkilöstön työtehtävien, aseman ja työssäolovuosien avulla. Tutkimustulosten perusteella voidaan todeta, että henkilöstön suhdetta organisaatioon määrittävät parhaiten organisaatioon sitoutuminen ja identifioituminen, joihin osuustoiminnallisuus luo pohjaa arvomaailmallaan ja turvallisuuden tunteen avulla.

Osuuskaupan asiakasomistajien asiakaskäyttäytymiseen vaikuttavat asenteelliset ja psykologiset tekijät

Tämän tutkielman tarkoituksena on selittää asiakasomistajien asiakaskäyttäy-tymiseen vaikuttavia asenteellisia ja psykologisia tekijöitä taloudellisten kan-nustimien läsnä ollessa. Asiakaskäyttäytyminen jaetaan tutkielmassa kolmeen eri muotoon, word-of-mouth - käyttäytymiseen, ostojen suhteelliseen keskittämiseen sekä vaihtohalukkuuteen. Asiakaskäyttäytymisen eri aspekteja selitetään organisationaalisen identifioitumisen, sitoutumisen kolmen komponentin, organisaation imagon sekä psykologisen omistajuuden käsitteiden avulla. Samalla tarkastellaan käsitteiden muodostumismekanismeja asiakaskontekstissa. Tutkielma on luonteeltaan kvantitatiivinen tutkimus, jossa kerättyä survey -aineistoa analysoidaan käsitteiden välisten suhteiden ja vaikutusten löytämiseksi polkuanalyysiä käyttäen. Tuloksina havaittiin useiden asiakasomistajien kokemien psykologisten tilojen vaikuttavan asiakaskäyttäytymisen elementteihin taloudellisten kannustimien lisäksi. Tutkielmassa havaittiin myös psykologisen omistajuuden sekä organisationaalisen identifioitumisen olevan relevantteja käsitteitä osuustoiminnallisen yrityksen jäsenien asiakaskäyttäytymistä tutkittaessa, vaikkei niitä aiemmin ole juurikaan tutkittu tämäntyyppisissä konteksteissa. Tutkielman käsitteiden muodostumismekanismien havaittiin noudattavan pääosin kirjallisuudessa esitettyjä näkemyksiä.

Intraorganizational Benefits of Customer Orientation in International Businesses - Empirical Evidence fromFinnish Service Exporters

This research concentrates to find out whether service employees' customer orientation has positive consequences relating to job attitudes in international context. A literature review is conducted in order to define the essential concepts and to see what kind of results researchers have found between customer orientation and job attitudes. The job attitudes researched in this research arejob satisfaction, role ambiguity, role conflict and commitment. This research differs from the previous customer orientation and job attitudes researchers with its international context. International services are thus discussed. Upon the previous literature and findings, four hypotheses are formed. They are tested with data from Finnish service exporters. Three hypotheses are supported, indicating that customer orientation has positiveeffect on job attitudes also in international context. Upon this research and literature review, future research recommendations are presented as well as managerial implications.

Careers of Managers, Comparison between ICT and Paper Business Sectors

The purpose of this study is to increase understanding of how the managers build their early career in information and communication technology industry (ICT business sector) and pulp- and paper industry (paper business sector). The focus of the study is to explore the importance differing a business sectors have in influencing managerial careers. Business sectors can affect careers in several ways.Sectors have different history and traditions. Also the age structure of ICT personnel differs from the age structure of personnel in the paper industry. Managers in the ICT and paper sector are technically educated but in different disciplines. Differences exist also in ways of recruiting and developing commitment inpersonnel. The target group of this research, middle management engineering personnel, work in Finnish ICT and paper companies. Research data were gathered in April-December 2002 in South-Karelia by interviewing 30 managers and six directors working in three Finnish ICT companies and in three paper companies. The research issue is approached on two levels: the individual level and the organizational level. The managers related their career stories in focused interviews. Directors, representing the organizations, described the generalities of the business sector and gave background information on company policies, human relationshippractices, as well as career and human resource development. Results of the study contribute to research discussions of career, life-span reasoning, socialization and commitment. Career is conceived as a series of positions including everykind of hierarchical mobility and all kinds of positions in work. A manager's career develops in interaction with the organization and it can be seen as involving a socializing process in an organization as a consequence of experiences andchanges in positions. This research contributes to the understanding of the nature of career in the context of two business sectors. Universal career theories,for the most part, do not perceive the importance of business sector in determining career experience. This study concentrates on describing and understanding early careers in two different business areas, elements committing managers to particular business sectors and the actions of companies in that particular sector. While career research began in the middle of 1950s, the theoretical basis of career research seems to be quite fragmented still. However, a dichotomy is consistently presented between traditional, hierarchical career research and boundaryless career thinking. In this research we examine how these old and new career concepts are evidence in the ICT and paper sectors. Careers are changing from formal, hierarchy-based structures to more fluid arrangements. The new boundaryless career concept captures territory from old career thinking. Mobility between employers, networks, and changing hierarchical structures in organizations, as well as personal and family reasons are theorized to bring changes to careers patterns in the future. However, the pace of this change in careers will vary between the ICT and paper business sectors. Findings of this research indicate that business sector has an effect on how managerial careers develop. The environment where career is developed differs between ICT and paper sectors. Careers begin differently in the two environments and the speed of career progression is distinct. ICT careers are built within the business sector whereas paper careers are made inside one company. Also recruiting and socialization practices differ from one sector to the other.

Factors Affecting Innovation Adoption in Organizations: The Case of Corporate Website Adoption

Diplomityössä tutkittiin innovaatioiden omaksumista organisaatioissa, ja tarkoituksena oli selvittää tekijät, jotka vaikuttivat omaksumisajankohtaan sekä luokitella yritykset omaksujaryhmiin. Työn empiirinen osuus tarkasteli yritysten internet-kotisivujen omaksumista. Tutkimuksen empiirinen aineisto kerättiin postikyselyn avulla, ja vastausprosentti kyselyssä oli melko hyvä (60%). Aikaisempien tutkimusten pohjalta muodostettiin eri tekijöille mittarit, jotka analyysien perusteella olivat erittäin luotettavia. Regressioanalyysia sovellettiin, kun pyrittiin selvittämään omaksumisajankohtaan vaikuttavia tekijöitä, ja klusterianalyysiä käytettiin apuna omaksujaluokkien muodostamisessa. Omaksujaluokkien väliset erot selvitettiin varianssianalyyseillä. Tutkimuksessa löydettiin kolme omaksumisajankohtaan vaikuttavaa tekijää: (1) innovaation koettu suhteellinen hyöty, (2) yritysjohdon sitoutuminen omaksumisprosessiin, sekä (3) yrityksen strategisten partnereiden määrä. Yritykset luokiteltiin neljään omaksujaluokkaan (innovaattorit, aikaiset omaksujat, aikainen enemmistö ja myöhäinen enemmistö) innovatiivisuuden perusteella. Innovatiivisuutta mitattiin kolmella indikaattorilla, jotka olivat: (1) ajankohta, jolloin yritys tuli tietoiseksi internet-sivuista, (2) ajankohta, jolloin tehtiin omaksumispäätös sekä (3) aika, joka kului internet-sivujen käyttöönottoon. Omaksujaluokkien välillä tunnistettiin lukuisia eroja eri ominaisuuksien suhteen.

Human Capital Questionnaire (PHCQ): Assessment of European nurses' perception as indicators of human capital quality

Healthcare accreditation models generally include indicators related to healthcare employees' perceptions (e.g. satisfaction, career development, and health safety). During the accreditation process, organizations are asked to demonstrate the methods with which assessments are made. However, none of the models provide standardized systems for the assessment of employees. In this study, we analyzed the psychometric properties of an instrument for the assessment of nurses' perceptions as indicators of human capital quality in healthcare organizations. The Human Capital Questionnaire was applied to a sample of 902 nurses in four European countries (Spain, Portugal, Poland, and the UK). Exploratory factor analysis identified six factors: satisfaction with leadership, identification and commitment, satisfaction with participation, staff well-being, career development opportunities, and motivation. The results showed the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, which when applied to healthcare organizations, provide a better understanding of nurses' perceptions, and is a parsimonious instrument for assessment and organizational accreditation. From a practical point of view, improving the quality of human capital, by analyzing nurses and other healthcare employees' perceptions, is related to workforce empowerment.

Tiedon jakaminen ja organisaation oppiminen

Tutkielman tavoite: Tutkielman tavoitteena oli selvittää sitä, miten tiedon jakaminen vaikuttaa organisaation oppimiseen. Tutkielman teoriaosassa tarkastellaan niitä käsitteitä ja lainalaisuuksia, jotka liittyvät oppimiseen yleensä sekä yksilö- että organisaatiotasolla, oppivaan organisaatioon, tietoon ja sen syntymiseen, virtaukseen, hallintaan, merkitykseen ja johtamiseen. Näiden lisäksi työssä tarkastellaan yksilön motivaatioon vaikuttavia seikkoja, yrityksen arvoja ja kulttuuria. Näiden pohjalta rakentui tutkielman viitekehys. Tutkielman empiriaosassa tarkastellaan viitekehyksen soveltuvuutta käytäntöön analysoimalla Casa-yrityksen toimintaa. Tutkimusaineisto ja tutkimusmenetelmät: Tutkimuksen teoriaosa perustuu suurelta osin sekä oppivaa että älykästä organisaatiota käsittelevään kirjallisuuteen, artikkeleihin ja aikaisempiin tutkimustöihin. Tämän lisäksi teoriaosuudessa perehdytään tiedon johtamiseen ja tiedon jakamiseen sekä tähän kiinteästi liittyvään motivaatioon ja sitoutumiseen. Empiirinen tutkimus toteutettiin kvalitatiivisella puolistrukturoidulla haastattelulla. Haastatteluja oli seitsemän ja kaikki haastateltavat olivat johtavissa tehtävissä. Tutkimuksen tulokset: Empiirisen osan tulokset mukailevat teoreettisin osan tuloksia. Organisaatiossa ei voi tapahtua oppimista ilman tiedon jakamista. Organisaation oppimisen suurimpana esteenä on se, ettei tietoa ja osaamista jaeta organisaation jäsenten kesken. Usein tällaiselta organisaatiolta puuttuvat myös yhteiset tavoitteet, siellä vallitsevat epämääräiset toimintatavat, puutteelliset vuorovaikutustaidot ja huonot henkilöstösuhteet. Organisaation oppimiskykyä heikentävät jäykät ja aikaa vievät rutiinit, kokemuksista ja virheistä ei osata oppia, hitaita muutoksia ei havaita ja kokemustieto unohdetaan. Työntekijän täytyy olla motivoitunut ja organisaatiossa turvallinen henkinen ilmapiiri, jotta tiedon jakamista tapahtuisi. Tieto on valtaa vain jaettuna, koska silloin siitä on mahdollisuus muodostua kilpailuetua yritykselle.