In vitro anti-HIV and -HSV activity and safety of sodium rutin sulfate as a microbicide candidate

Sodium rutin sulfate (SRS) is a sulfated rutin modified from the natural flavonol glycoside rutin. Here, we investigated its in vitro anti-HIV and -HSV activities and its cytotoxic profile. Fifty percent inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of SRS against HIV-1 X4 virus IIIB, HIV-1 R5 isolates Ada-M and Ba-L were 2.3 +/- 0.2, 4.5 +/- 2.0 and 8.5 +/- 3.8 mu M with a selectivity index (SI) of 563, 575 and 329, respectively. Its IC50 against primary R5 HIV-1 isolate from Yunnan province in China was 13.1 +/- 5.5 mu M, with a Sl of 197. In contrast, unsulfated rutin had no activity against any of the HIV-1 isolates tested. Further study indicated that SRS blocked viral entry and virus-cell fusion likely through interacting with the HIV- I envelope glycoprotein. SRS also demonstrated some activity against human herpes simplex virus (HSV) with an IC50 of 88.3 +/- 0.1 mu M and a Sl of 30. The 50% cytotoxicity concentration (CC50) of SRS was >3.0 mM, as determined in human genital ME 180, HeLa and primary human foreskin fibroblast cells. Minimum inhibitory concentration of SRS for vaginal lactobacilli was >3.0 mM. These results collectively indicate that SRS represents a novel candidate for anti-HIV-1/HSV microbicide development. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

豆粕和土豆蛋白替代饲料中鱼粉对异育银鲫生长及能量收支的影响

利用全能量收支同步测定呼吸仪系统测定了三种不同蛋白源 (鱼粉、豆粕、土豆蛋白 )饲料对银鲫生长及能量收支各组分的影响。对照饲料全部以鱼粉为蛋白源 ,另两种饲料中3 0 %的蛋白质分别来自豆粕和土豆蛋白。试验结果表明 ,银鲫对三种蛋白源的饲料的摄食率 ,食物转化效率均有显著差异 ,以鱼粉组最高 ,豆粕其次 ,土豆蛋白最低。能量收支各组分也均有显著差异 ,能量收支式如下 :鱼粉　 88 1C =1 3 77F +2 95U +2 4 1G +41 8R豆粕　 1 0 2 3C =1 7 1F +2 8U +1

Experimental studies of an accelerating, pitching, flat plate at low Reynolds number

The understanding of low Reynolds number aerodynamics is becoming increasingly prevalent with the recent surge in interest in advanced Micro-Air Vehicle (MAV) technology. Research in this area has been primarily stimulated by a military need for smaller, more versatile, autonomous, surveillance aircraft. The mechanism for providing the high lift coefficient required forMAV applications is thought to be largely influenced by the formation of a Leading Edge Vortex (LEV). This paper analyses experimentally, the influence of the LEV effect for a flat plate wing (AR = 4) under fast and slow pitch-up motions at Re =10,000 using a combination of dye flow visualisation and PIV measurements. It is found that a fast pitch over 1c shows a flow topology dominant LEV, while for a slow pitch case over 6c, the flow is largely separated. The development of the suction surface flow and the LEV was strongly correlated with the kinematics of the leading edge, suggesting that the effective local angle of incidence at the Leading Edge (LE) is of considerable significance in unsteady pitching motions. © 2013 by P.R.R.J Stevens.

葡萄藻三个品系脂类物质含量的比较研究

<正> 葡萄藻作为一种新的再生性能源的研究,已引起了不少学者的重视。其中较为关键的是对葡萄藻所含脂类物质的研究。过去通常采用重量法及各类色谱法测定植物中的脂类物质。这些方法不但繁琐,而且均需一个较长时间的提取过程。近年来国外采用一种新型染料——尼罗

Molecular characterization and expression of the M6 gene of grass carp hemorrhage virus (GCHV), an aquareovirus - Brief report

7The complete nucleotide sequence of M6 gene of grass carp hemorrhage virus (GCHV) was determined. It is 2039 nucleotides in length and contains a single large open reading frame that could encode a protein of 648 amino acids with predicted molecular mass of 68.7 kDa. Amino acid sequence comparison revealed that the protein encoded by GCHV M6 is closely related to the protein mul of mammalian reovirus. The M6 gene, encoding the major outer-capsid protein, was expressed using the pET fusion protein vector in Escherichia coli and detected by Western blotting using chicken anti-GCHV immunoglobulin (IgY). The result indicates that the protein encoded by M6 may share a putative Asn-42-Pro-43 proteolytic cleavage site with mul.

Photoluminescence from the nitrogen-perturbed above-bandgap states in dilute GaAs1-xNx alloys: A microphotoluminescence study

Using microphotoluminescence (mu-PL), in dilute N GaAs1-xNx alloys, we observe a PL band far above the bandgap E-0 with its peak energy following the so-called E+ transition, but with contribution from perturbed GaAs host states in a broad spectral range (> 100 meV). This finding is in sharp contrast to the general understanding that E+ is associated with a well-defined conduction band level (either L-1c or N-x). Beyond this insight regarding the strong perturbation of the GaAs band structure caused by N incorporation, we demonstrate that a small amount of isoelectronic doping in conjunction with mu-PL allows direct observation of above-bandgap transitions that are not usually accessible by PL.

Photoluminescence and electroluminescence of (Gd2O3-Ga2O3): Ce thin film

A novel electroluminescence oxide phosphor (Gd2O3-Ga2O3):Ce has been prepared by electron beam evaporation. The emission peaks of photoluminescence lie at 390nm and a shoulder at 440nm. However, the electroluminescence of the (Gd2O3-Ga2O3):Ce thin film have four emission peaks at 358nm, 390nm, 439nm and 510nm, respectively. The optical absorption of (Gd2O3-Ga2O3):Ce thin film and the photoluminescence of composite materials with various ratios of Ga2O3/(Gd2O3+Ga2O3) have also been described to investigate the origin of emission of photoluminescence and electroluminescence.

Ultraviolet-blue electroluminescence from Gd3Ga5O12 : Ag

UV-blue light was obtained from a thin-film electroluminescence device using Gd3Ga5O12:Ag as a light-emitting layer, which was deposited by using electron-beam evaporation. The crystal composition and structure of Gd3Ga5O12:Ag were studied by x-ray powder diffraction, The Gd3Ga5O12:Ag has a photoluminescence emission which peaked at around 397 and 467 nm, which were attributed to the oxide vacancies and Ag+, respectively. The brightness of 32 cd/m(2) was obtained when an alternating voltage of 130 V at 1 kHz was applied. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(00)05031-2].

由（双氯代酞酰亚胺）与双酚盐的亲核取代缩聚合成聚酰亚胺的研究

利用邻苯二甲酸酐中苯环上的取代基由于受到两个羰基的吸电子作用有较好的活性，进行亲核取代反应合成聚酰亚胺近年来才引起人们的注意。根据这个反应可以从邻苯二甲酸酐出发，与双酚缩合先合成二酐单体，再与二胺反应合成易加工而性能良好的聚酰亚胺，而且已实现了工业生产。同时也可以从双取代酞酰亚胺出发直接与双酚进行亲核取代缩聚合成相同结构的聚酰亚胺。后者较前者具有合成路线短的优点，又无前者由于多种会反应所引起复杂分子链结构等缺点。文献上对双（硝基酞酰亚胺）与双酚的亲核取代缩聚反应合成聚酰亚胺的研究工作，有一些报导，而对双（氯代酞酰亚胺）与双酚A的亲核取代缩聚亦有专利，从文献报导来看，亲核取代缩聚法合成聚酰亚胺因反应条件要求苛刻，利用此法还不易合成出分子量高的聚合物。如何克服上述缺点，解决合成上的问题，是很有意义的。我们以双酚A与双（4－氯代酞亚胺）二苯醚的亲核取代缩聚反应为重点，采用NaOH溶液成盐的方法进行双（氯代酞酰亚胺）与双酚的亲核取代缩聚合成聚酰亚胺的研究。对影响反应的各种参数，如碱量，温度、固含量，溶剂，代水剂以及水份等对反应的影响，作了比较详细的探索，提出了从双（氯代酞酰亚胺）与双酚出发，用NaOH溶液成盐，通过亲核取代缩聚反应合成聚酰亚胺的比较合适的条件。研究了几种具有代表性的不同结构的双酚分别与双（4－氯代酞酰亚胺）二苯醚和双（3－氯代酞酰亚胺）二苯醚的亲核取代缩聚反应，所得结果表明，在相同的反应条件下，反应的难易一般取决于苯氧负离子的电子密度，和反应中心上正电荷对电子的吸引力，以及聚合物的溶解性。双酚A不仅其氧负离子有很强的亲核性，而且所得聚合的溶解性能也很好，照理应能很好地进行反应，但无论从我们的工作或文献上报导的结果来看，用惯常方法，以NaOH溶液成盐，从双酚A很难得比浓对数粘度较高的聚合物（美国专利从双（氯代酞酰亚胺）出发，合成的双酚A型聚酰亚胺的比浓对数粘度为0.21分升／克，美国General Electric Compang从双（硝茎酞酰亚胺）二苯醚与双酚A缩聚反应所得聚合物的比浓对数粘度是0.23分升／克）。我们从电子密度大的苯氧基虽有较强的亲核能力，但也同时具有较强的与反体系中微量水份形成氢键的能力出发考虑，认为解决问题的关键在于如何使体系中微量水份排除尽，为此我们采用两次代水方法，效果较为明显，使双酚A与双（4－氯代酞酰亚胺）二苯醚缩聚所得聚合物的比浓对数粘度达到0.4分升／克（DMAC，30℃），在此条件下，研究了不同结构的单体的构聚和共聚反应，所合成的一系列均聚和共聚物比浓和粘度在0.4～0.7分升／克范围，且通过共聚可以改善聚合物的溶解性，改进反应情况。在此基础上，我们又对双酚A与双（4－氯代酞酰亚胺）二苯醚的缩聚反应，用NaOH溶值成盐进行了五次代水实险，所得聚合物的分子量又得到进一步提高，其比浓对数粘度达到0.59分升／克。这些研究结果说明我们上述分析是正确的，同时也说明，双氯单体的活是不及双硝基单体，但在我们提出的实验条件下，反应也能很好的进行，而且此种方法没有双硝基单体与酚盐取代反应后所释放的亚硝酸盐所易引起的会反应。我们对所合成的各种不同结构的聚酰亚胺分别利用红外，核磁，X－射线，裂解色谱等进行了结构上的初步分析和探讨。不同结构的聚酰亚胺的红外光谱的显示出所合的聚合物特征峰，结合元素分析结果，并参照合成反应的基本原理证实了所合成的聚酰亚胺的化学结构与所予期的相符。在红外光谱上也初步鉴别了3们异构体聚酰亚胺和4位异构体聚酰亚胺。用~(13)C-NMR对本法所合成的溶解性较好的4种不同结构的聚酰亚胺进行表征，进一步证实了所得聚合物的化学结构，其中两种聚酰胺的~(13)C-NMR谱图与最近文献报导的从双（硝基酞酰亚胺）二苯醚与双酚A进行亲核取代缩聚所得相同结构的聚酰亚胺的~(13)C-NMR表征结果一致。~(13)C-NMR，~1C-NMR鉴定结果还表明利用双(酞酰亚胺)一醚虽需较高温度条件下进行取代缩聚反应，而聚合物的化学结构没有受到破坏。~(13)C-NMR也证明了从双（3－氯代酞酰亚胺）二苯醚出发所合成的聚合物的化学结构。用X－射线对不同结构的聚酰亚胺均聚物和共聚物进行结晶性的初步鉴定，其中由双酚醚和联苯双酚分别与双（4－氯代酞酰亚胺）二苯醚的缩聚产物具有一定程度的结晶，并通过DSC析测发现结晶熔融吸热峰予以进一步证实。普通X－射线鉴定结果对3位和4位异构聚酰亚胺的溶解性能上的差异作出解释。对不同结构的聚酰亚胺用居里点裂解器进行裂解色谱的初步研究和探讨，通过主要裂解产物进一步证明所合成的聚合物的化学结构，并讨论了裂解过程和机理。对各种不同结构的均聚和共聚聚酰亚胺进行溶解性及热稳定性的研究，并与从二胺和二酐出发合成的聚酰亚胺进行比较。亲核取代缩聚法所合成的聚酰胺不仅均有较明显的玻璃化转变，而且也有较好的溶解性能。从二酐与二胺所得相同结构的聚酰亚胺溶解性能不好，可能是由于在热处理环化过程中不易掌握容易产生交联所致。在溶解性能方面还表明3位异构体聚酰亚胺普遍处于4位异构体，由双酚A参与共聚的聚酰亚胺其溶解性能却不同程度地得到改善。热性能研究表明4位异构体聚酰亚胺较3位异构体聚酰亚胺稍稳定，由二酐与二胺缩聚和通过某核取代缩聚所得的相同结构的聚亚胺经DTA和DSC测试，其热稳定性基本相同。

锂蓄电池锂合金负极的研究

锂电池是一种比能量高、工作温度范围宽的性能优良的非水电池体系。但是以纯锂作锂二次电池的负极主要存在锂枝晶以及表面惰化问题， 近年来文献上报道了不少锂合金负极材料，以期改善电极性能，但是仍不能满足实际使用的要求。在工作研制了一种新型锂铝稀土合金负极材料。首先用熔盐电解法制备铝稀合金，随后电沉积锂形成锂-铝-稀土，电解质为1M高氯酸锂/碳酸丙烯酯溶液。实际上充有氩气、且恒温在25 ± 1 ℃的手套箱中进行。在0-950 mV和-500-700 mV两个电位范围内比较了纯度为99.9%Al和99%Al形成锂铝稀土合金电极的循环伏安曲线。在9-950 mV的电位范围内99.9%Al形成的锂铝-1%稀土合金电极（这里锂是欠电位沉积）比不加稀土的阳极峰电流提高约一倍，阳极峰面积增加50～60%。峰电位负移50 mV左右。在99%Al中添加稀土元素的影响比99.9%Al的要小一些，阳极峰电流只提高30%，峰电位负移15 mV，容量略有增加。在-500-700 mV范围的循环伏安曲线，锂的沉积属于非欠电位沉积。相当的锂沉积在电极表面。但其影响趋势与0-950 mV电位范围测取的循环伏安曲线基本一致。研究了一系列稀土添加量的影响，结果表明铝合金中的稀土含量在0.4～2%时，影响最明显，稀土含量为0.1%与5%时，循环伏安曲线与不含稀土的铝锂金相近。测取和锂铝和锂-铝-稀土合金电极的充放电曲线，添加稀土元素的影响趋势与循环伏安图的基本一致。在99.9%Al中添加1%稀土效果最好，充放电效率比不加稀土的提高30%。添加0.1%稀土的电极的充放电效率几乎不起作用。在99%Al中添加稀土元素对充放电效率的影响程度比99.9%Al的要低一些。测取了不同扫描速度下的锂-铝、锂-铝-稀土合金电极的循环伏安图。发现了一些有趣的现象，在0-950 mV的电位范围内，在大于5mV/Sec时，峰电流随扫描速度的增大而增大。而在1mV/Sec-5mV/Se时，峰电流基本不变，在电位为-500-700 mV电位范围，扫描速度为1mV/Sec-10mV/Sec的范围，在第三、四周随扫描速度的增加阳极峰电流反而降低。这可能是因为随着扫描速度增加，阳极极化电流增大，新沉积的锂来不及向铝中扩散，而与溶液（PC）及其中杂质反应生成惰化膜，以致影响了它的阳极溶解过程。研究了三种不同纯度的铝（99%、99.9%、99.999%）对循环伏安曲线的影响，并用发射光谱分析了铝中杂质大致含量，由于杂质组成比较复杂，加之三种纯度铝的循环伏安图差别不大，因此难以判断不同杂质的利和弊。99.9%Al和99.9%Al+1%Re的锂合金负极与正极聚苯胺组成模拟电池，并且进行了充放电实验，容量可达5.4-6.1C/cm~2。比较了99.9%Al和99.9%Al+0.4%Re、99.9%Al+1%Re的锂合金电极在电解质溶液中放置不同时间的交流阻抗复数平面图。随着放置时间的延长，半园直径增大，表明电极表面膜随放置时间不断生长，在铝合金中添加0.4%Re或1%Re，都使表面膜生长速度减慢，但是起始反应电阻比不加稀土元素的大。电极首先阳极充电10C/cm~2，随后分别在阴极极化，阳极极化条件下，测定的交流阻抗谱表明，添加稀土元素使锂-铝电极的反应电阻降低，电容增大。未经阻极预先充电的电极，在阴极低电流密度下，阻抗谱图由两个半园组成，随着阴极电流密度增大，半园逐渐缩小，并且低频区的小半园逐渐变小以致消失。X-射线的分析结果表明用电化学方法在电极上沉积锂，其表层形成Li-Al和Li_3Al_2，在电极表面存在Li_2CO_3和LiCl。在99.9%Al添加1%稀土元素，使电极表面的Li_2CO_3量增多。用X-射线光电子能谱分析表明，电极表面有锂、铝、氧、碳和氯元素，与X-射线的分析结果一致，锂-铝-稀土合金电极表面的碳酸根含量比未加稀土元素的多。用Ar~+刻蚀后，添加稀土后表层锂元素含量比未加稀土的高。用不同方法所得实验结果都表明了锂-铝合金添加稀土元素的有益影响，可能是由于稀土元素的异质成核作用，改变了合金的结构，使得Li的扩散变得容易。根据实验结果，认为电极表面膜由两层组成，靠近电极一侧的为某种中间体；具有惰化膜的性质，靠近溶液一侧的为多孔的碳酸锂膜，按照这一模型讨论了添加稀土元素的影响。

HIV-1 C亚型密码子优化gp120负载人DC疫苗的构建及体外功能

目的构建HIV-1C亚型gp120负载人树突状细胞(dentriti ccell,DC)疫苗,并对其体外功能进行初步检测。方法利用Amaxa细胞核转染技术将pcDNA3.1-gp120质粒转染至人成熟DC,以Western blot检测gp120的表达。通过流式细胞仪检测DC表面共刺激分子的变化、混合淋巴细胞反应、CD8+T细胞表面活化分子CD25的表达及其分泌IFN-γ的变化。结果通过Western blot检测,gp120在DC中得到了正确表达。经流式细胞仪检测,DC表面分子CD80表达率由刺激前的33.34%上升至43.20%,CD86表达率由刺激前的60.08%上升至90.34%;负载gp120DC刺激淋巴细胞增殖率为86.72%;CD8+T细胞表面分子CD25表达率由刺激前的5.27%上升至74.21%,IFN-γ的表达率达37%。结论负载了HIV-1gp120的人树突状细胞能够显著刺激淋巴细胞的增殖、增强CD8+T细胞表面活化分子CD25表达以及促进CD8+T细胞分泌IFN-γ,为下一步DC治疗性疫苗的体内研究奠定基础。

Nonlinear elastic waves in a monatomic chain with nonlinear interaction

Nonlinear wave equation for a one-dimensional anharmonic crystal lattice in terms of its microscopic parameters is obtained by means of a continuum approximation. Using a small time scale transformation, the nonlinear wave equation is reduced to a combined KdV equation and its single soliton solution yields the supersonic kink form of nonlinear elastic waves for the system.

Synthesis and Metal-ion Binding Properties of New N2S4O2- and N2S5O2-Donor Macrocycles

Synthetic procedures for new mixed-donor macrocycle compounds were reported. The macrocyclic compounds were used in solvent extraction metal picrates such as Ag+, Hg2+, Cd2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, Pb2+, and Co2+. The metal picrate extractions were investigated at 25±0.1°C with the aid of UV-visible spectrometry. It was found that 6,7,9,10,12,13,23,24-octahydro-19H,26Hdibenzo[h,t](1,4,7,13,16,22,10,19) dioxatetrathiadiazasiclotetracosine-20,27(21H,28H)-dione showed selectivity towards Ag+, Hg2+, and Cd2+ among the other metals. The extraction constants (Log Kex) and complex compositions were determined for the Ag+ and Hg2+ complexes for this compound and 9,10,12,13,23,24,26,27,29,30-decahydro-5H,15H-dibenzo-[h,w][1,4,7,13,16,19,25-,10,22] dioxapentathiadiazacycloheptacosine-6,16(7H,17H)-dione.

用淋洗法修复张士灌区CdPb污染沉积物的研究

采用淋洗法,以组成为0.5m ol·L-1C aC l2和0.1m ol·L-1H C l的复合药剂作为淋洗剂处理沈阳张士灌区C d、Pb污染沉积物(C d39m g·kg-1,Pb1250m g·kg-1),在pH=1.0、反应时间30m in、淋洗剂液固比3∶1、搅拌速度500r·m in-1、温度25℃的条件下,复合淋洗剂对C d和Pb的去除率分别达到70.8%和29.3%。粒级分析表明,沉积物中C d和Pb主要存在于细粒部分,因此,分级处理能够减少处理量,降低成本。一定酸度下C l-的络合作用可能是复合淋洗剂的主要强化淋洗机制。

Rare-earth-metal mixed hydride/aryloxide complexes bearing mono(cyclopentadienyl) ligands. Synthesis, CO2 fixation, and catalysis on copolymerization of CO2 with cyclohexene oxide

Hydrogenolysis of mono(cyclopentadienyl)-ligated rare-earth-metal bis(alkyl) complexes Cp'Ln-(CH2SiMe3)2(THF) (Ln = Y (1a), Dy (1b), Lu (1c); Cp' = C5Me4SiMe3) with PhSiH3 afforded the mixed hydride/alkyl complexes [Cp'Ln(mu-H)(CH2SiMe3)(THF)](2) (Ln = Y (2a), Dy (2b), Lu (2c)). The overall structure of complexes 2a-c is a C-2-symmetric dimer containing a planar symmetric Ln(2)H(2) core at the center of the molecule. Deprotonation of ArOH (Ar = C6H2-Bu-t(2)-2,6-Me-4) by the metal alkyl group of 2a-c led to formation of the mixed hydride/aryloxide derivatives [Cp'Ln(mu-H)(OAr)](2) (Ln = Y (3a), Dy (3b), Lu (3c)), which adopt the dimeric structure through hydride bridges with trans-accommodated terminal aryloxide groups.