A study of indium incorporation in In-rich InGaN grown by MOVPE

InGaN/GaN heterostructures have been deposited onto (0 0 0 1) sapphire by our home-made low pressure MOVPE with different growth parameters. It has been noted that the indium incorporation depends by a complex way on a number of factors. In this work, the effect of substrate temperature, trimethylindium input flow and V/III ratio on the indium incorporation has been investigated. Finally, by optimizing the growth parameters, we made a series of single-phase InGaN samples with indium content from 10% up to 45%.

Catalytic Dehydration of Ethanol to Ethylene on TiO2/4A Zeolite Composite Catalysts

TiO2/4A zeolite composite catalysts were prepared by coating TiO2 on 4A zeolite via liquid phase deposition. The TiO 2/4A zeolite composite catalysts wtih higher surface weak acidity and lower mediate strong acidity exhibit much better catalytic performance on ethanol dehydration to ethylene compared with 4A zeolite. It is suggested that the TiO2 promoter could improve the effective Lewis acidity of composite catalyst which consequently enhanced the catalytic performance.

中国几种典型农田土壤磷素固液相分配规律

土壤养分、污染物的生物有效性与其固液相分配规律密切相关。本研究通过室内模拟试验,设置不同的水、热、肥条件和培养时间序列,采用高速离心法对红壤、黑土、潮土、黑垆土、塿土5种典型土壤的磷素固液相分配规律及其影响因素进行了探讨。结果表明,质地不同土壤磷素固液相分配系数(Kd)值差别很大,整体变化趋势是红壤>黑垆土>塿土>黑土>潮土。不同培养条件下土壤磷素固液相分配系数(Kd)值变化特征表现出随着培养时间延长,土壤磷素Kd值增大,土壤磷素生物有效性逐渐降低。水吸力、浓度与之相反,随着水吸力的增加土壤磷素Kd值变小,随着施入磷素浓度的增加而Kd值降低。在整个温度梯度中,当温度处于20￣25℃左右时,土壤磷素Kd值达到最小值,液相磷素含量相对增多,养分有效性增强。

多相聚合物体系相分离动力学的理论和模拟

本文提出了将自洽场理论与多相流格子Boltzmann方法相结合的模型，并从该模型出发推导出了描述动量守恒的Navier-Stokes方程和扩散方程，验证了模型理论上的正确性。应用此模型，对聚合物的相分离过程进行了模拟。 首先证实了本模型最终能够得到正确的热力学平衡结果。对于高分子共混物和嵌段共聚物相分离的动力学过程。在分相各个阶段，对高分子共混物和嵌段共聚物都进行了验证。 其次，应用所提出的格子Boltzmann模型，分别对二元聚合物共混物和二嵌段共聚物的相分离后期相区增长过程进行了研究。 最后，通过模型的进一步扩展，实现了对具有复杂结构的嵌段共聚物和复杂共混物的模拟。

PMMA/SAN共混物薄膜表面相分离动力学的原位AFM研究

本论文主要借助原子力显微镜（AFM）、X-射线光电子能谱（XPS）等实验手段，纳米尺度上在线原位地研究了高温临界组成PMMMA/SAN（50／50，w／w）共混薄膜体系，分析并探讨了此共混薄膜表面相分离及其超薄膜体系的润湿／去润湿和相分离行为。首先，从敲击式AFM中相位图的成像原理出发，建立了一个高温下用原位AFM定性鉴别不同聚合物的纳米尺寸微区的方法，即：先在基底（硅）上铺展一层非常平坦的单一组分（SAN）薄膜，再在此千膜上，通过旋涂由选择性溶剂（冰醋酸）配制的另一组分（PMMA）的极稀溶液，使之不能形成一层连续的完整膜，最后在高温（175℃）下用敲击模式的原子力显微镜（TM-AFM）检测相位图随退火时间的变化。得到在175℃的相位图中，PMMA富相比SAN的富相显得更暗，这为后续工作提供了定性鉴别相区的方法。其次，高温下用原位AFM研究了PMMA/SAN薄膜表面相分离过程，在线观察了相分离的归并过程，定量地得到了临界相分离温度，并给出了特征波矢对时间依赖关系的标度指数，划分了相分离动力学演变的不同阶段。对于膜厚约为130nm的体系，表面相分离的临界温度大约为165℃，其表面相分离的特征波矢与时间的标度关系q+（t）-t-n，在整个实验时间内，随时间的演变过程中，显示了两个不同的指数变化区，即前期很慢的n=0.13和后期的n＝1／3。0.13的指数关系可能是由于表面聚合物链的几何受限及表面富集相把部分新生成的另一相覆盖所致，1／3的指数关系可以认为是由普遍的Brownian扩散所致。而对于膜厚为50曲的此组成共混薄膜，得到的标度关系与C汕n线性理论吻合得非常好的Spinodal Deposition（SD）表面相分离的初期，即n＝0，这是由于降低膜厚 增加了共混物的相容性，提高了临界温度，从而减缓了相分离过程，使得在我 们观测的时间范围内更易观察到表面相分离的初期。再次，用阶梯式降温的好M和XPS，发现了PMMA/SAN体系原位和离位实验结果存在巨大差别的主要原因之一—润湿温度的存在。对PMMA/SAN（50／50，w／w，-130nm）共混薄膜体系，原位AFM的退火和准淬火实验表明， 虽然在高温和室温、真空和常态、原位和离位，相分离的聚合物共混薄膜表面 形貌变化不大，但是表面物理性质却有很大的区别。原位XPS实验表明，未经 任何处理的样品在185℃退火时，很快在离表面很薄的下面形成一层PMMA含 量远低于本体值的薄层，之后最表面的PMMA也往本体迁移，直至表面SAN 的含量远高于它的本体值。对已在175℃退火20hr的此样品，逐渐降温退火过 程的原位XPS表明，当退火温度降至145oC时，样品表面几乎完全被PMMA覆盖，很好地验证了Conlposto等提出的润湿温度的假设，即对此体系，润湿温 度是原位和离位存在巨大的差异的主要因素之一，这与原位AFM的实验结果也，存在很好的一致性。最后，高温下原位观察了硅基底上PMMA/SAN超薄膜（膜厚-Rg）的去润湿、相分离过程和PMMA在基底上的润湿过程，以及云母基底上的该体系高温下的稳定润湿行为。以硅为基底的PMM刀sAN共混超薄膜在155”c下发生了类 似sPinodal dewetting的去润湿，其原因可能是在垂直于基底的浓度梯度引起的表面组成的涨落，对这种去润湿的动力学还进行了探讨。以硅为基底的PMMA/SAN共混超薄膜在175℃下不仅发生了类似spinodal dewetting的去润 湿，而且还发生了去润湿液滴内部的相分离以及相分离析出的PMMA润湿硅基底的过程，提出了一个简单的模型描述了这种复杂的过程。此外，还研究了不同基底对此共混超薄膜体系的润湿行为进行了研究，以云母为基底的此共混体系在175℃下长时间内是稳定的，其原因可能是云母与PMMA和SAN均有很强的作用力，足于补偿聚合物链在构象嫡上的损失。

FIELD-EFFECT ON THERMAL EMISSION FROM THE 0.40 EV ELECTRON LEVEL IN INGAP

Results are reported of electric-field dependence on thermal emission of electrons from the 0.40 eV level at various temperatures in InGaP by means of deep-level transient spectroscopy. The data are analyzed according to the Poole-Frankel emission from the potentials which are assumed to be Coulombic, square well, and Gaussian, respectively. The emission mte from this level is strongly field dependent. It is found that the Gaussian potential model is more reasonable to describe the phosphorus-vacancy-induced potential in InGaP than the Coulombic and square-well ones.

EXTREMELY LOW THRESHOLD CURRENT, BURIED-HETEROSTRUCTURE STRAINED INGAAS GAAS MULTIQUANTUM WELL LASERS

A very low CW threshold current of 1.65 mA at room temperature was obtained for an uncoated buried-heterostructure strained layer multiquantum well InGaAs-GaAs laser fabricated using hybrid molecular beam epitaxy and liquid phase epitaxy crystal growth technique. External differential quantum efficiency as high as 44.6% (0.53 mW/mA) and output power of more than 30 mW per facet were achieved in the same laser.

High efficiency AlxGa1-xAs/GaAs solar cells: Fabrication, irradiation and annealing effect

High efficiency AlxGa1-xAs/GaAs heteroface solar cells have been fabricated by an improved multi-wafer squeezing graphite boat liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) technique, which enables simultaneous growth of twenty 2.3 X 2.3cm(2) epilayers in one run. A total area conversion efficiency of 17.33% is exhibited (1sun, AM0, 2.0 x 2.0cm(2)). The shallow junction cell shows more resistance to 1 MeV electron radiation than the deep one. After isochronal or isothermal annealing the density and the number of deep level traps induced by irradiation are reduced effectively for the solar cells with deep junction and bombardment under high electron fluences.

Structure and device characteristics of AlxGa1-xAs/GaAs solar cells

AlGa1-xAs/GaAs heterostructures have been grown by two different liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) modes, i.e. the supercooled and melt-etch methods, for the fabrication of highly efficient solar cells. Typical structural characteristics observed under a transmission electron microscope (TEM), an Auger energy spectrometer (AES) and corresponding device parameters were presented. The results indicated that the P+PNN+ configuration grown by the melt-etch method could be used to produce high performance, large area solar cells with effectively reducing the defects of the substrate and improving the minority carrier collection by forming a compositionally graded region in the window layer.

Differential isospin-fractionation in dilute asymmetric nuclear matter

The differential isospin-fractionation (IsoF) during the liquid-gas phase transition in dilute asymmetric nuclear matter is studied as a function of nucleon momentum. Within a self-consistent thermal model it is shown that the neutron/proton ratio of the gas phase becomes smaller than that of the liquid phase for energetic nucleons, although the gas phase is overall more neutron-rich. Clear indications of the differential IsoF consistent with the thermal model predictions are demonstrated within a transport model for heavy-ion reactions. Future comparisons with experimental data will allow us to extract critical information about the momentum dependence of the isovector strong interaction.

Thermodynamic investigation on properties of gasohol

The heat capacities (C-p) of three types of gasohol (which consisted of 20 wt % ethanol and 80 wt % unleaded gasoline 93(#) (system S1), 30 wt % ethanol and 70 wt % unleaded gasoline 931 (system S2), 40 wt % ethanol and 60 wt % unleaded gasoline 930 (system S3), where "93(#)" denotes the octane number) were measured by adiabatic calorimetry in the temperature range of 80320 K. A glass transition was observed at 94.24, 95.15, and 95.44 K for system S1, S2, and S3, respectively. A solid-solid phase transition and solid-liquid phase transition were observed at 135.18 and 151.30 K for system S1, 131.82 and 152.10 K for system S2, and 121.29 and 155.09 K for S3, respectively. The polynomial equations for C, with respect to the thermodynamic temperature (T), and with respect to the content of ethanol (x), were established through the least-squares fitting. The thermodynamic functions and the excess thermodynamic functions of the three samples were derived using these thermodynamic relationships and equations.