972 resultados para Processo administrativo de multas
Resumo:
This paper is the author’s Master’s Thesis. It aims to study the content of lexarbitri, i.e. the relevant law regarding international arbitration. Under both Portuguese law and UNCITRAL model law, the seat’s legal provisions shall be applied at all times. Contrarily, French and Swiss legislations allow parties and arbitrators to apply any arbitration law to international arbitration, whether the seat law or a foreign arbitration law. There is not a sole understanding towards the criteria to determine the legal provisions that shall govern international arbitration. Traditionally, the lexarbitri would correspond to the arbitration law of the seat of the arbitration. The territorialist criteria remains in force under the majority of arbitration laws that the author has consulted. However, it has been criticized by several authorities in international arbitration, who suggest that the arbitration shall be governed by the law of the seat or of the place in which the award is to be enforcement, whichever better grants its enforcement – the cumulative doctrine; or the arbitration shall be governed by a set of provisions that make up the autonomous transnational legal, regardless of the legal provisions of the law of the seat – the transnational doctrine. The author intends to debate the three mentioned understandings regarding the lexarbitriand further explains why the territorialist criteria is the most adequate to the characteristics and demands of international arbitration, to the governing instruments in force and to the need for a useful award.
Resumo:
In the present thesis, we examine the approach to the so-called “informal conversations”, especially between a suspect or defendant and criminal police authorities. Our goal is to understand if criminal police authorities are allowed to testify about the content of these conversations, revealing facts that the suspect or defendant may have shared with them, as well as about evidence that they may have acquired through these statements. Firstly, we briefly present the notion of “informal conversations” and the great variety of situations they may encompass: intra or extra-procedural; prior or subsequent to someone acquires the status of defendant. Secondly, we analyse some of the principles and rules that are involved in this controversial issue: principles concerning the procedural structure, organization and dynamic; principles concerning the production and assessment of evidence in the trial hearing; principles concerning the prosecution and the powers of criminal police authorities; the procedural status of the defendant; the rules concerning the reading of statements in the trial hearing; the rules concerning hearsay testimonies. Thirdly, we go through the great amount of case law on the so-called “informal conversations” and related matters, analysing the most relevant cases and the arguments that sustain them, as well as the legal literature. Our goal is to understand the evolution, throughout the last two decades, of the different opinions regarding the approach to the various situations in which “informal conversations” may occur and in which the admissibility of a testimony by criminal police authorities is questioned. Finally, we defend a different approach for testimonies by criminal police authorities prior and subsequent to someone acquiring the status of defendant. We see the moment when someone acquires the status of defendant as a border area in the admissibility of “informal conversations”, because from then on the statements have to be collected and assessed according to the law, so all the other conversations (or any other evidence) collected informally are irrelevant. As to the specific case of the testimony about the re-enactment of the crime, given the high degree of difficulty in separating the defendant’s contributions that may be considered essential and those that may be considered less useful, but still relevant, we support the qualification of the defendant’s contributions as inseparable from the re-enactment, allowing it to be replicated and assessed in the trial hearing with no restrictions.
Resumo:
The public consultation is a methodology for the interaction between the bodies responsible for drafting the law and the parties likely to be affected or to be interested in normative acts in question. This work seeks to encourage the use of public consultation in the process of elaboration of the Brazilian law. Therefore, some aspect of the knowledge area called Science of Legislation, with attention to the concept of “quality of the law” and to of the public consultation tool are addressed. We present the advantages of preparing public consultation mainly in the case of proposals that impose costs or benefits relevant to the economic agents involved in or promoting major change in the distribution of resources in society. Finally, it discusses the Brazilian legislative procedure and what the Brazilian law requires from legislative projects forwarded to the National Congress, as well as build a synthesis of the tools and the exiting possibilities of participation in the Brazilian context of elaboration of norms.
Resumo:
This work project intends to evaluate the effectiveness of the Portuguese Government’s strategy to promote the orderly deleveraging of the corporate sector in the context of the current economic crisis. The recommendations of the Troika and the commitments assumed under the Memorandum of Understanding signed by the Government in 2011 required the creation of formal processes to avoid disorderly deleveraging. Conclusions and recommendations were drawn based on past experiences of large-scale corporate restructuring strategies in other countries and on the analysis of financial and statistical data on companies applying for “Programa Especial de Revitalização”.
Resumo:
Presentemente, a Comunidade para o Desenvolvimento da África Austral (SADC) apresenta-se como uma das mais desenvolvidas tentativas de integração do continente africano. Esta organização passou a revestir-se, em 1992, de um caráter permanente, tornando-se produto de um esforço de institucionalização que se tem vindo a materializar no estabelecimento de metas e estágios para um ambicioso projeto de integração económica. As suas instituições, frequentemente percecionadas como sendo regidas por uma lógica intergovernamental, serão a unidade focal desta análise. Esta tem como principal objetivo a verificação do seu impacto no processo de integração económica desta organização, particularmente o estabelecimento de uma relação de causalidade entre a estrutura institucional e o atual estado da vertente económica do processo integrativo. Procura-se assim inferir se o quadro institucional da organização é capaz de gerar uma dinâmica autónoma em prol da integração ou se sucumbe perante o voluntarismo estatal dos seus membros. A conclusão a que se chegará, como se pretende advogar, não implica dimensões mutuamente exclusivas, podendo traduzir-se numa conceção híbrida acerca do papel institucional no curso evolutivo da SADC, porventura mais fiel à complexidade deste bloco regional. A hipótese explicativa para o atual estado integrativo (económico) da SADC que se testará nesta análise será a de que a relativa fragilidade institucional desta organização - caso tal se verifique - não a impede de se desenvolver num curto a médio-prazo e, pelo contrário, constitui um dos incentivos à participação dos Estados Membros. Argumentar-se-á adicionalmente que os interesses integrativos dos Estados que a compõem não derivam de um qualquer espírito pós ou antinacional, mas antes de um condicionamento histórico favorável à cooperação intra-africana e de um cálculo de interesses que redunda na aceção de que a ação concertada entre Estados lhes confere vantagens estratégicas. Por isso mesmo, os modelos teóricos que substanciarão a análise, ainda que recorram por vezes aos moldes seminais derivados do estudo da experiência integrativa europeia, abarcarão também um conjunto de escolhas plásticas e maleáveis à realidade regional. Dentro do leque de estudos disponíveis, primar-se-á igualmente pela flexibilidade e abrangência. A difícil conciliação entre profundidade e abrangência redundará numa escolha de relevantes e úteis correntes teóricas, na qual se destacam o institucionalismo histórico e o institucionalismo da escolha racional, bem como o intergovernamentalismo liberal, o neofuncionalismo e a teoria do dominó aplicada aos blocos regionais.
Resumo:
The globalization and the need for countries to unite under regional organizations fostered the emergency of a Communitary law. This isa law made bysupranational institutions capable of submitting States toa single legal order. Thistransforms administrative law on international administrative law that overflows the national legal system. This phenomenon was felt on Colombia given the current development of the Andean Integration System
Resumo:
O interesse pela área de investigação de tradução em jornalismo aumentou após o projeto Translation in Global News da Universidade de Warwick em 2006. No entanto, esta é uma área ainda pouco explorada pelos Estudos de Tradução, tal como afirma van Doorslaer (2010), e como se pode comprovar no contexto português, pelo número escasso de trabalhos publicados. O presente estudo pretende analisar o processo de tradução em contexto jornalístico recorrendo, para tal, a uma metodologia com base nas abordagens cognitivas em Estudos de Tradução. Através da gravação de ecrã, foi possível observar, em tempo real, o processo de criação do texto jornalístico de jornalistas da redação do jornal online Observador. Desta maneira, procura-se enquadrar o conceito de transedição, proposto por Stetting (1989). Além disso, espera-se compreender a pertinência das abordagens cognitivas enquanto ferramentas que permitem melhor compreender os processos mentais tradutórios e a aplicabilidade das estratégias propostas por Hursti (2001) na tradução em jornalismo.
Resumo:
O presente trabalho visa à composição de breve contextualização do histórico em que nasceu a democracia cabo-verdiana e as principais etapas que ao longo dos anos foi vencendo, rumo à almejada consolidação democrática, analisando em pormenor o papel do Legislativo para tanto. Nesse sentido, pretendemos neste estudo responder a seguinte pergunta de partida: “Qual o impacto do papel desempenhado pelo Legislativo no processo de consolidação democrática em Cabo Verde nesses últimos 20 anos?”. Este estudo nasce da necessidade de colmatar um vazio, quase que absoluto, no que diz respeito à análise do funcionamento, organização e estrutura da instituição parlamentar em Cabo Verde. Por isso, ao realizarmos esta investigação pretendemos alcançar dois objectivos principais: Averiguar até que ponto o papel do Parlamento contribuiu para a almejada consolidação democrática em Cabo Verde; Examinar de forma detalhada a evolução longitudinal da Assembleia de Cabo Verde ao longo de sua experiência democrática. Para tal, serão analisadas três áreas importantes do funcionamento desta instituição, de 1991 a 2011: o processo legislativo, os mecanismos de controlo e fiscalização ao governo e a função de legitimação. Todavia, temos a perfeita consciência de que as três dimensões seleccionadas não esgotam os campos de análise de contribuição parlamentar para o reforço da democracia. No entanto, pretendemos com o estudo tentar informar e dar a conhecer, de forma científica e académica, a actuação da instituição parlamentar no processo de consolidação democrática em Cabo Verde, com uma abordagem diferente dos poucos estudos já realizados.
Resumo:
The present work aims to develop the theme "The summary procedure and the reform of 2013". The purpose of its analysis serves the interest to understand the virtues and disadvantages of the changes introduced by Act n.º 20/2013 to our Code of Criminal Procedure, and the main focus of the present reflection is to further the impact of the measures taken by the legislator to the summary proceedings. The opening of the most serious crimes to summary procedure is a reform measure duly highlighted because it is a true innovation in the Portuguese penal system. Therefore, it urges to analyse not only the consequences of this measure, as well as if the objectives of its introduction in the summary procedure system are met. It should be noted that the legislator intends to promote speedy trial, and at the same time, ensure compliance with the Constitutional rights associated to the accused. At this point it is important to realize if there is a restriction of the accused essential guarantees. On the other hand, it should be noted that the typical characteristics of summary proceedings might have been invariably modified, due to the innovative aspect of the reform. That said, the changes might have fostered a mischaracterization of the typical format of the summary procedure, both in terms of the nature of the proceedings and in terms of its space and objectives within the penal system. Reflecting on the above will provide a deeper understanding of the volatile balance between the Portuguese governing prosecution efficiency and the Constitution, as well as the future of the criminal policy in Portugal.
Resumo:
This study analyses the principle of presumption of innocence in the preliminary stages of the Portuguese criminal process, its procedural aspect related with the principle of in dubio pro reo and its material aspect concerning the treatment of the defendant during the proceedings. The consequences and manifestations of the principle of presumption of innocence are analysed in the decisions of the closing stages of the preliminary criminal procedure and the application of the principle of in dubio pro reo is analysed in the judgement of sufficiency of evidence for the procedure to continue. It addresses the question of circumstantial evidence, its particular relevance in economic and financial crime, highly organized crime, the grounds for the indictment in general and when the sufficiency of evidence criteria is based on that evidence. It analyses the scope of the principle of presumption of innocence in the application of coercive measures, with reference to the arrest, first interrogation of the accused under detention and reasons for the subsequent dispatch about the measures. The asset assurance measures of preventive seizure and the preventive seizure to ensure confiscation are analysed and principle of presumption of innocence is considered non applicable to those measures.
Resumo:
Study of the problems involved in the application of the right of refusal to testify (Article 134. º CPP) to criminal charges of domestic violence, namely in situations of violence between spouses. Drawing attention, to some of the contingencies of the exercise of the right of refusal in such proceedings, a matter never before examined under Portuguese law, and also to the need to reconsider, based on the North American experience, the application of the law in these cases.