Evaluación técnica y económica para analizar la viabilidad del montacargas eléctrico en el sector productivo

Esta tesis pretende demostrar y describir las diferentes características de los montacargas que existen en el mercado, teniendo en cuenta sus ventajas y desventajas, logrando como objetivo analizar la viabilidad de la implementación de los montacargas eléctricos en la industria colombiana a partir de la información brindada sobre las características esenciales de los montacargas eléctricos que hay en el mercado. Así mismo, se quiere mostrar que los montacargas eléctricos generan un ahorro sustancial en comparación con los montacargas convencionales que hay hoy en día en el mercado, logrando así que la industria colombiana reduzca sus gastos en un porcentaje mediante la implementación de las nuevas referencias de montacargas eléctricos los cuales serian una alternativa para las compañías colombianas. Mediante una detallada revisión conceptual, se mostrara la viabilidad de los montacargas eléctricos frente a los otros tipos de montacargas, teniendo como premisa el conocimiento de lo que hoy en día requieren las industrias colombianas, y cumpliendo así con una detallada comparación en donde se enfatice la diferenciación de los montacargas eléctricos con otros tipos que existen y se logre brindar una clara percepción de estos junto con las ventajas de estos vehículos para lograr así brindar mayor información a la industria colombiana sobre las ventajas de la implementación de los montacargas eléctricos en la industria colombiana.

Percepción de los trabajadores acerca de la seguridad en el trabajo en una empresa del sector de gas natural en Casanare

Introducción: La percepción puede ser considerada principalmente como un grupo de procesos internos en las personas que genera en los observadores una representación mental del entorno. Percibir es adelantarse al suceso, a lo que puede llegar a suceder, determinando lo que puede ser un peligro a nuestra seguridad y salud. Objetivo: El presente estudio tiene como objetivo determinar la percepción de los trabajadores acerca de la seguridad en el trabajo en áreas de procesos automatizados y mecánicas en una empresa del sector de gas natural en el departamento de Casanare, Colombia 2016. Metodología: Se llevó a cabo un estudio de corte transversal en 50 trabajadores de una empresa del sector de gas natural en Casanare. Se uttilizó el Cuestionario nórdico NOSACQ-50-Spanish, instrumento validado para evaluar la percepción acerca de la seguridad y salud en el lugar de trabajo. Se incluyeron variables sociodemográficas, laborales y las relacionadas con la percepción de la seguridad en el lugar del trabajo. Para el análsiis estadistico se calcularon medidas de tendencia central y de dispersión. El estudio de la percepción de seguridad tuvo como puntos de corte: < 2,5 mala percepción y > 2,5 buena percepción. Se emplearon pruebas de asociación X2 o test exacto de Fisher (valores esperados <5) y medidas de asociación OR con sus intervalos de confianza del 95% y se usaron modelos de regresión lineal. Resultados: El total de trabajadores fue de 50 personas, el 76% correspondió al sexo masculino y la mayor distribución se presentó en áreas mecánicas con 52% frente al 48% que se encontró en áreas automatizadas. Se halló asociación estadísticamente significativa entre las variables sociodemográficas área/sexo (Pr = 0,016), indicando que a los trabajadores de sexo femenino se les ubican en el área mecánica mientras que los de sexo masculino, laboran en todas las áreas sin darle relevancia al género. También se encontró asociación con las variables área/año de nacimiento (Pr =0.022), indicando que en el área automatizada se dejan profesionales con promedio de edad de 32 años, por el tipo de requisitos en competencias que exigen para ejecutar las labores. Para las demás variables ocupacionales que evaluaron la percepción de seguridad frente al trabajo, no se encontró asociación significativa. Conclusión: Los resultados permiten realizar acciones en pro de mejorar la percepción de los trabajadores dentro de la organización. Se podrán desarrollar programas de seguridad y salud en el trabajo, que respondan de manera efectiva a los peligros laborales detectados.

Factores motivacionales en empleados de empresas del sector de la construcción en Colombia

Este trabajo tiene como propósito determinar los factores de motivación en los trabajadores de la industria de la construcción en Colombia, tomando como muestra una población de empleados de la ciudad de Pasto, Colombia. Inicialmente se revisaron artículos científicos de diversos países que estudian los efectos de factores motivadores, desmotivadores, características intrínsecas y extrínsecas, relacionados con el rendimiento laboral. De esta forma se identificaron los factores que conforman la base del instrumento “Study Of Motivators And Demotivators Affecting The Performance Of Employees In The Construction Industry–Questionare” entregado a 190 empleados. Los resultados fueron clasificados, mediante un software estadístico SPSS.

Study and experimental characterization of the laser welding process for the manufacturing of electric powertrain components in the automotive industry

The PhD project that will be presented in this thesis is focused on the study and optimization of the production process for the manufacturing of electrical powertrain components in the automotive field using the laser beam welding process (LBW). The objective is to define, through experimental activities, an optimized process condition for applications in the electrical field that can be generalized, that is, which guarantees its reproducibility as the types of connections vary and which represents the basis for extending the method to future applications in e-mobility sector. The work developed along two lines of research, the convergence of which made it possible to create prototypes of battery modules based on different types of lithium-ion cells and stator windings for electric motors. On the one hand, the different welding configurations involving the production of batteries based on pouch cells and therefore the welding of aluminum and copper in dissimilar configuration were studied, while for the prismatic cells only one configuration was analyzed. On the other hand, the welding of pure copper hairpins with rectangular shape in edge joint configuration was studied for the production of stator windings. The experimental tests carried out have demonstrated the feasibility of using the LBW process for the production of electric powertrain components entirely designed and developed internally as the types of materials and welding configurations vary; the methodologies required for the characterization methods, necessary for the end-of-line tests, for the evaluation of the properties of the different joint configurations and components (battery and electric motor) were also defined with the aim of obtaining the best performance. The entire doctorate program was conducted in collaboration with Ferrari Auto S.p.A. and the direct industrial application of the issues addressed has been faced.

Development of a Computer-Based methodology for tolerance selection and optimization applied to the automotive sector

The design optimization of industrial products has always been an essential activity to improve product quality while reducing time-to-market and production costs. Although cost management is very complex and comprises all phases of the product life cycle, the control of geometrical and dimensional variations, known as Dimensional Management (DM), allows compliance with product and process requirements. Hence, the tolerance-cost optimization becomes the main practice to provide an effective application of Design for Tolerancing (DfT) and Design to Cost (DtC) approaches by enabling a connection between product tolerances and associated manufacturing costs. However, despite the growing interest in this topic, a profitable application in the industry of these techniques is hampered by their complexity: the definition of a systematic framework is the key element to improving design optimization, enhancing the concurrent use of Computer-Aided tools and Model-Based Definition (MBD) practices. The present doctorate research aims to define and develop an integrated methodology for product/process design optimization, to better exploit the new capabilities of advanced simulations and tools. By implementing predictive models and multi-disciplinary optimization, a Computer-Aided Integrated framework for tolerance-cost optimization has been proposed to allow the integration of DfT and DtC approaches and their direct application for the design of automotive components. Several case studies have been considered, with the final application of the integrated framework on a high-performance V12 engine assembly, to achieve both functional targets and cost reduction. From a scientific point of view, the proposed methodology provides an improvement for the tolerance-cost optimization of industrial components. The integration of theoretical approaches and Computer-Aided tools allows to analyse the influence of tolerances on both product performance and manufacturing costs. The case studies proved the suitability of the methodology for its application in the industrial field, providing the identification of further areas for improvement and refinement.

Edge and Big Data technologies for Industry 4.0 to create an integrated pre-sale and after-sale environment

The fourth industrial revolution, also known as Industry 4.0, has rapidly gained traction in businesses across Europe and the world, becoming a central theme in small, medium, and large enterprises alike. This new paradigm shifts the focus from locally-based and barely automated firms to a globally interconnected industrial sector, stimulating economic growth and productivity, and supporting the upskilling and reskilling of employees. However, despite the maturity and scalability of information and cloud technologies, the support systems already present in the machine field are often outdated and lack the necessary security, access control, and advanced communication capabilities. This dissertation proposes architectures and technologies designed to bridge the gap between Operational and Information Technology, in a manner that is non-disruptive, efficient, and scalable. The proposal presents cloud-enabled data-gathering architectures that make use of the newest IT and networking technologies to achieve the desired quality of service and non-functional properties. By harnessing industrial and business data, processes can be optimized even before product sale, while the integrated environment enhances data exchange for post-sale support. The architectures have been tested and have shown encouraging performance results, providing a promising solution for companies looking to embrace Industry 4.0, enhance their operational capabilities, and prepare themselves for the upcoming fifth human-centric revolution.

Sustainability and environmental impact of the Italian ceramic tile industry

The increasing consumption rates among citizens and the uncontrolled exploitation of natural resources have made environmental pollution and management of waste the main problems facing humanity in its upcoming future. Together with generation of energy and transport, industrial production certainly plays a key role in the genesis of these problems. It is for this reason that the concepts of environmental, social and economic sustainability have emerged over the years as the cornerstones for future development. In light of this, the most forward-looking industries have begun to study their impact on environment and society in order to improve their performances and, at the same time, to anticipate the increasingly rigorous environmental regulations. In this work, various performance indicators related to the Italian ceramic tile sector will be presented and discussed. In particular, the emission factor of characteristic pollutants will be reported on a period of up to fifteen years while data regarding waste management, concentration of pollutants and emission legal limits for the last decade will be here disclosed as a result of a vast analysis on recorded data. The collected information describes the present level of performance of the ceramic tile manufacturing industries in Italy and shows how recycling is now a consolidated reality and how some pollutants, such as particulate matter, fluorine and lead are actually disappearing from production processes and how others, such as volatile organic compounds, are increasing instead. Moreover, the adoption of alternative raw materials for the production of ceramic tiles is discussed and the implementation of the recycling of various waste is addressed at experimental or industrial scale. Finally, the development of a new ceramic engobe with high content of waste glass (20%) is presented as an experimental example of reutilization of resources in the ceramic tile industry.

O setor privado sem fins lucrativos e as políticas públicas de esporte e lazer (2008-2011) = : The non-profitable private sector and the public policies for sport and leisure (2008-2011)

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

Analise do desenvolvimento das praticas urbanas de lazer relacionadas a produção cultural no periodo nacional-desenvolvimentista a globalização atraves da Teoria da Ação Comunicativa

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

Fatores associados à capacidade para o trabalho de trabalhadores do Setor Elétrico

O Setor Elétrico passou por recente processo de reestruturação produtiva com reflexos nas condições e organização do trabalho, podendo comprometer a capacidade para o trabalho. Este estudo objetivou avaliar fatores associados à capacidade para o trabalho junto a 475 trabalhadores de uma empresa do Setor Elétrico no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Neste estudo transversal foi realizada análise descritiva e análise de regressão linear múltipla. A média do Índice de Capacidade para o Trabalho (ICT) foi de 41,8 pontos (escala de 7,0 a 49,0 pontos). A análise múltipla mostrou que os fatores que melhor explicaram a variabilidade do ICT foram estresse no trabalho (p < 0,001) e saúde física (p < 0,001 em todas as dimensões). Em outra análise, excluídas as dimensões da saúde, as variáveis associadas ao ICT foram estresse no trabalho (p < 0,001), local de trabalho (p = 0,022), prática de atividade física (p = 0,001), consumo de álcool (p = 0,012) e índice de massa corporal (p < 0,001). Os resultados identificaram aspectos a serem considerados no desenvolvimento de medidas visando a preservação da capacidade para o trabalho, com ênfase no controle do estresse no trabalho e na promoção da saúde.

Os investimentos das indústrias farmacêuticas brasileiras em programas sociais: uma análise dos indicadores sociais de 2006

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a evolução dos investimentos sociais praticados pelo setor industrial farmacêutico brasileiro. A importância do estudo das políticas sociais criadas por esse importante segmento produtivo deve-se à sua forte influência nas mais variadas definições sobre políticas de saúde, entre elas o conflituoso campo de disputa entre a defesa das patentes por parte das empresas e as tentativas de licenciamento compulsório de medicamentos, por parte do governo. Tomamos como fonte de pesquisa os indicadores sociais de 62 indústrias farmacêuticas, relativos ao ano de 2006, publicados pela Federação Brasileira da Indústria Farmacêutica (Febrafarma), em maio de 2007, sob o título Painel Social, apresentados de três formas: dados gerais sobre o número de programas, valores investidos e o número de pessoas beneficiadas; dados gerais classificados segundo um modelo pré-definido e composto de categorias fixas (saúde, educação, comunidade, valorização da vida, cultura, meio ambiente, voluntariado e outros); e dados individualizados por empresa, com a indicação das ementas de cada programa criado. Buscamos com a reflexão sobre esses indicadores averiguar se eles possibilitam realizar um acompanhamento longitudinal das diretrizes e das proposições relacionadas às ações socialmente responsáveis praticadas pelas indústrias farmacêuticas.

Molecular and geographic analyses of vampire bat-transmitted cattle rabies in central Brazil

Background: Vampire bats are important rabies virus vectors, causing critical problems in both the livestock industry and public health sector in Latin America. In order to assess the epidemiological characteristics of vampire bat-transmitted rabies, the authors conducted phylogenetic and geographical analyses using sequence data of a large number of cattle rabies isolates collected from a wide geographical area in Brazil. Methods: Partial nucleoprotein genes of rabies viruses isolated from 666 cattle and 18 vampire bats between 1987 and 2006 were sequenced and used for phylogenetic analysis. The genetic variants were plotted on topographical maps of Brazil. Results: In this study, 593 samples consisting of 24 genetic variants were analyzed. Regional localization of variants was observed, with the distribution of several variants found to be delimited by mountain ranges which served as geographic boundaries. The geographical distributions of vampire-bat and cattle isolates that were classified as the identical phylogenetic group were found to overlap with high certainty. Most of the samples analyzed in this study were isolated from adjacent areas linked by rivers. Conclusion: This study revealed the existence of several dozen regional variants associated with vampire bats in Brazil, with the distribution patterns of these variants found to be affected by mountain ranges and rivers. These results suggest that epidemiological characteristics of vampire bat-related rabies appear to be associated with the topographical and geographical characteristics of areas where cattle are maintained, and the factors affecting vampire bat ecology.

Lepton sector of a fourth generation

In extensions of the standard model with a heavy fourth generation, one important question is what makes the fourth-generation lepton sector, particularly the neutrinos, so different from the lighter three generations. We study this question in the context of models of electroweak symmetry breaking in warped extra dimensions, where the flavor hierarchy is generated by choosing the localization of the zero-mode fermions in the extra dimension. In this setup the Higgs sector is localized near the infrared brane, whereas the Majorana mass term is localized at the ultraviolet brane. As a result, light neutrinos are almost entirely Majorana particles, whereas the fourth-generation neutrino is mostly a Dirac fermion. We show that it is possible to obtain heavy fourth-generation leptons in regions of parameter space where the light neutrino masses and mixings are compatible with observation. We study the impact of these bounds, as well as the ones from lepton flavor violation, on the phenomenology of these models.

New strongly coupled sector at the Tevatron and the LHC

We examine the possibility that a new strong interaction is accessible to the Tevatron and the LHC. In an effective theory approach, we consider a scenario with a new color-octet interaction with strong couplings to the top quark, as well as the presence of a strongly coupled fourth generation which could be responsible for electroweak symmetry breaking. We apply several constraints, including the ones from flavor physics. We study the phenomenology of the resulting parameter space at the Tevatron, focusing on the forward-backward asymmetry in top pair production, as well as in the production of the fourth-generation quarks. We show that if the excess in the top production asymmetry is indeed the result of this new interaction, the Tevatron could see the first hints of the strongly coupled fourth-generation quarks. Finally, we show that the LHC with root s = 7 TeV and 1 fb(-1) integrated luminosity should observe the production of fourth-generation quarks at a level at least 1 order of magnitude above the QCD prediction for the production of these states.

Sequential Injection Analysis (SIA) for Arsenic Speciation by Capillary Electrophoresis Hyphenated to Inductively Coupled Plasma Sector Field Mass Spectrometry (CE-ICP-SFMS)

Sequential injection analysis (SIA) is proposed for managing microvolumes of sample and arsenic species solutions for speciation analysis by capillary electrophoresis focusing on the reduction of hazardous waste residues. An electronically controlled hydrodynamic injector was projected to introduce microvolumes of solutions prepared by SIA into the CE capillary with precision better than 2%. The determination of arsenite, arsenate, monomethylarsonic acid, dimethylarsinic acid, and arsenobetaine was performed from 50 mu L volumes of lyophilized urine and extract of shrimp with the system hyphenated to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (CE-ICP-SFMS).