Prática de ensino supervisionada em Educação Pré-escolar e Ensino do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico

A relevância que se atribui à educação básica na formação das crianças e a importância da mesma para a sua inserção social, desenvolvimento pessoal e exercício da cidadania, constituem importantes pontos de apoio para o questionamento e reflexão da prática educativa que no presente relatório descrevemos e analisamos. Esta prática decorre em contexto pré-escolar e de 1.º ciclo do ensino básico e enquadra-se no âmbito das atividades de Prática de Ensino Supervisionada, I e II, do curso de mestrado em Educação Pré-escolar e Ensino do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico. Reconhecendo o papel fundamental que estes níveis educativos podem assumir na vivência e interiorização de valores entendemos aprofundar conhecimentos sobre esta dimensão e tomá-la em consideração ao nível da ação educativa e investigativa que promovemos, com os dois grupos de crianças, um de último ano de frequência pré-escolar e outro do 3.º ano do ensino básico. Nesta linha, procurámos ao nível do enquadramento teórico encontrar informação que nos permitisse compreender melhor os modos de enquadrar, orientar e concretizar a ação educativa e como entender os valores e favorecer a aprendizagem dos mesmos. Tendo enveredado por uma perspetiva construtiva e reflexiva da ação educativa, recorremos a uma metodologia qualitativa de recolha de dados. Estes incidiram sobre quatro experiências de ensino-aprendizagem, integrando duas de cada contexto. Os dados permitem perceber a importância de promover aprendizagens que favoreçam a formação pessoal e social das crianças, baseada na interiorização de valores e na aquisição de um espírito crítico, o que pressupõe uma abordagem globalizante e integrada das diferentes áreas e domínios de conteúdo.

Chronic contamination assessment integrating biomarkers' responses in transplanted mussels-A seasonal monitoring

This study aimed to provide the first biomonitoring integrating biomarkers and bioaccumulation data in São Paulo coast, Brazil and, for this purpose, a battery of biomarkers of defense mechanisms was analyzed and linked to contaminants' body burden in a weigh-of-evidence approach. The brown mussel Perna perna was selected to be transplanted from a farming area (Caraguatatuba) to four possibly polluted sites: Engenho D'Agua, DTCS (Dutos e Terminais do Centro-Oeste de São Paulo) oil terminal (Sao Sebastiao zone), Palmas Island, and Itaipu (It; Santos Bay zone). After 3 months of exposure in each season, mussels were recollected and the cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A)- and CYP3A-like activities, glutathione-S-transferase and antioxidants enzymes (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase) were analyzed in gills. The concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, linear alkylbenzenes, and nonessential metals (Cr, Cd, Pb, and Hg) in whole tissue were also analyzed and data were linked to biomarkers' responses by multivariate analysis (principal component analysisfactor analysis). A representation of estimated factor scores was performed to confirm the factor descriptions and to characterize the studied stations. Biomarkers exhibited most significant alterations all year long in mussels transplanted to It, located at Santos Bay zone, where bioaccumulation of organic and inorganic compounds was detected. This integrated approach using transplanted mussels showed satisfactory results, pointing out differences between sites, seasons, and critical areas, which could be related to land-based contaminants' sources. The influence of natural factors and other contaminants (e.g., pharmaceuticals) on biomarkers' responses are also discussed. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2012.

Espaços especiais em Natal (moradia e meio ambiente): um necessário diálogo entre direitos e espaços na perspectiva de proteção aos direitos fundamentais na cidade contemporânea

Some protected special spaces on behalf of fundamental rights to the environment and the housing at the city of Natal are fragile by facing actions and attempts to suppress and changing (or omission in the implementation) of standards in furtherance of those rights at the local level, which seems to reflect a situation that goes beyond the context of the city. Based on integrated approach of the housing rights and the environment and its protection of special spaces on the field of fundamental rights, the thesis seeks to understand the weaknesses that affect the legal state duty under the realization/implementation of fundamental rights to the environment and housing in cities, focusing on the issues of flexibility of the founding legislation of special spaces to the detriment of the attributes they protected and the lack of implementation of the legal system that allows their effectiveness. So, it looks initially to understand the environment and housing rights and their special protected areas in the brazilian legal system, looking forward the evolution of its legal protection, as well as the weaknesses that emerge in the field of their effectiveness. Analyzing the trajectory of the environment and housing rights and their special protected areas in Natal, considering its standards, attributes, protection indicators, weaknesses and negative evidence within its legal protections and their enforcement by state entity, this thesis proposes to verify the existence of forms to confronting the weaknesses founded in the maintenance of legal protection and its implementation. At this point it discusses the legal basis and safeguard instruments of protection, especially within the juridical field, as part of a (re)discussion about issues of legislative and administrative discretion in the face of objective legal state duty to realization/implementation of fundamental rights in the urban space. With all these issues together the thesis does not ignore the scenario where the dividing line between public and private (economic) are becoming ever more tenuous in the field of state action and where the city stands as a special commodity to the reproduction of real estate, according to the interests of capitalist logic

Improving robustness of rolling stock circulations in rapid transit networks

The rolling stock circulation depends on two different problems: the rolling stock assignment and the train routing problems, which up to now have been solved sequentially. We propose a new approach to obtain better and more robust circulations of the rolling stock train units, solving the rolling stock assignment while accounting for the train routing problem. Here robustness means that difficult shunting operations are selectively penalized and propagated delays together with the need for human resources are minimized. This new integrated approach provides a huge model. Then, we solve the integrated model using Benders decomposition, where the main decision is the rolling stock assignment and the train routing is in the second level. For computational reasons we propose a heuristic based on Benders decomposition. Computational experiments show how the current solution operated by RENFE (the main Spanish train operator) can be improved: more robust and efficient solutions are obtained

Sucesso e insucesso no licenciamento: uma perspectiva integrada.

Doutoramento em Gestão.

Segurança pública e privada

A presente investigação teve como objetivo analisar o carácter subsidiário e complementar dos serviços de segurança privada, face à atividade desenvolvida pelas forças e serviços de segurança. Centrada nos espetáculos desportivos, procurou mostrar de que forma se materializa a complementaridade e subsidiariedade entre serviços de segurança privada e as forças e serviços de segurança. Através de uma estratégia de investigação qualitativa, concretizada a partir de uma pesquisa documental e um inquérito por entrevista semiestruturada, cujos dados foram alvo de análise de conteúdo, pretendeu-se recolher informação que permita à GNR melhorar a sua atuação na segurança dos espetáculos desportivos. No âmbito da segurança interna, a segurança privada assume um papel fundamental no garante da segurança, a par das atividades desenvolvidas pelas forças e serviços de segurança. Nos espetáculos desportivos, esta relação simbiótica é evidente, sendo um claro exemplo de uma abordagem integrada a este direito fundamental. Conclui-se que a relação, prevista legalmente como complementar e subsidiária, entre serviços de segurança privada e forças e serviços de segurança, se materializa pela adoção e normalização de diversos mecanismos de coordenação e articulação, mas principalmente pela partilha de um fim último comum: a segurança de todos os cidadãos. Abstract: Inserted in the CEMC 2015-16, this work aims to analyze the alternative and complementary nature of private security services, due to the activity carried out by Police Forces. Focusing on sports events, this research sought to show how materializes complementarity and subsidiarity between private security services and Police forces. Through a qualitative research strategy, implemented from documental research and a survey by semi-structured interviews, whose data were subjected to content analysis, we intended to collect information to the GNR improve their performance in the safety of sports events. In the context of internal security, private agents play a key role in security guarantees, along with the activities carried out by security forces and services. In sports events, this symbiotic relationship is too obvious, being a clear example of an integrated approach to this fundamental right. It was concluded that the relationship provided legally as complementary and subsidiarity between private security companies and security forces and services, materializes the adoption and standardization of various mechanisms for coordination and articulation, but mostly by sharing an end last common: the safety of all citizens.

Desafios e perspectivas para institucionalização do monitoramento e avaliação no âmbito da gestão do Sistema Único de Saúde

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, 2016.

Professional partnerships in children's services: working together for children

Early childhood education and care services in Australia are moving towards an integrated approach to service delivery requiring educators to work in partnership with professionals from sectors such as health, education and community services for the benefit of young children and their families. This means that educators need to work in perhaps new and different ways in their everyday work.Professional partnerships in children’s services: Working together for children looks at ways educators can work effectively with other professionals in building and leading these partnerships in children’s services. It examines some of the issues surrounding working in partnership with others and the implications this has for understanding and enacting leadership. It explores topics such as:•working collaboratively in early childhood education and care settings•thinking about the knowledge base of others•transdisciplinarity—a new strategy to consider•examples of collaborative practice with otherprofessionals in early childhood education and care services are provided.Examples are given that have been implemented in early childhood education and care services to work collaboratively with other professionals. Professional partnerships in children’s services: Working together for children points to a way forward by encouraging the rethinking and reworking of practice by educators with the inclusion of reflective questions, scenarios from services and top tips for educators to consider.

Leveraging visual features and hierarchical dependencies for conference information extraction

Traditional information extraction methods mainly rely on visual feature assisted techniques; but without considering the hierarchical dependencies within the paragraph structure, some important information is missing. This paper proposes an integrated approach for extracting academic information from conference Web pages. Firstly, Web pages are segmented into text blocks by applying a new hybrid page segmentation algorithm which combines visual feature and DOM structure together. Then, these text blocks are labeled by a Tree-structured Random Fields model, and the block functions are differentiated using various features such as visual features, semantic features and hierarchical dependencies. Finally, an additional post-processing is introduced to tune the initial annotation results. Our experimental results on real-world data sets demonstrated that the proposed method is able to effectively and accurately extract the needed academic information from conference Web pages. © 2013 Springer-Verlag.

Science and policy

Global governments have come to recognise and acknowledge that an integrated approach to coastal and marine policy and management in order to govern human actvity is necessary to maintain biodiverse marine ecosystems. This approach to policy and management requires integration rather than simply coordinating policy, planning and management across the coastal and marine interface (Wescott 2012). With just over a third of the global pupulation living along the coastal zone (Millenium Ecosystem Assessment [MA] 2005), it is necessary to consider how natural and political boundaries, economic, social and environmental seascapes integrate concurrently for coastal and marine policy planning and implementation. This is because human activities take place on a continuous gradient across interconnecting catchmenrt, coastal and marine ecosystems, where resource use as diverse as agriculture in coastal marshland and offshore non-renewable energy extraction have to be considered (MA 2003). 

Aqueous peptide-TiO2 interfaces: isoenergetic binding via either entropically or enthalpically driven mechanisms

A major barrier to the systematic improvement of biomimetic peptide-mediated strategies for the controlled growth of inorganic nanomaterials in environmentally benign conditions lies in the lack of clear conceptual connections between the sequence of the peptide and its surface binding affinity, with binding being facilitated by noncovalent interactions. Peptide conformation, both in the adsorbed and in the nonadsorbed state, is the key relationship that connects peptide-materials binding with peptide sequence. Here, we combine experimental peptide-titania binding characterization with state-of-the-art conformational sampling via molecular simulations to elucidate these structure/binding relationships for two very different titania-binding peptide sequences. The two sequences (Ti-1, QPYLFATDSLIK; Ti-2, GHTHYHAVRTQT) differ in their overall hydropathy, yet via quartz-crystal microbalance measurements and predictions from molecular simulations, we show these sequences both support very similar, strong titania-binding affinities. Our molecular simulations reveal that the two sequences exhibit profoundly different modes of surface binding, with Ti-1 acting as an entropically driven binder while Ti-2 behaves as an enthalpically driven binder. The integrated approach presented here provides a rational basis for peptide sequence engineering to achieve the in situ growth and organization of titania nanostructures in aqueous media and for the design of sequences suitable for a range of technological applications that involve the interface between titania and biomolecules.

Women-led Community Development Organizations (CDOs) in Miami-Dade County: A Model of Community Development Efforts Impacting the Economic Security of Women

Recent studies on the economic status of women in Miami-Dade County (MDC) reveal an alarming rate of economic insecurity and significant obstacles for women to achieve economic security. Consistent barriers to women’s economic security affect not only the health and wellbeing of women and their families, but also economic prospects for the community. A key study reveals in Miami-Dade County, “Thirty-nine percent of single female-headed families with at least one child are living at or below the federal poverty level” and “over half of working women do not earn adequate income to cover their basic necessities” (Brion 2009, 1). Moreover, conventional measures of poverty do not adequately capture women’s struggles to support themselves and their families, nor do they document the numbers of women seeking basic self-sufficiency. Even though there is lack of accurate data on women in the county, which is a critical problem, there is also a dearth of social science research on existing efforts to enhance women’s economic security in Miami-Dade County. My research contributes to closing the information gap by examining the characteristics and strategies of women-led community development organizations (CDOs) in MDC, working to address women’s economic insecurity. The research is informed by a framework developed by Marilyn Gittell, who pioneered an approach to study women-led CDOs in the United States. On the basis of research in nine U.S. cities, she concluded that women-led groups increased community participation and “by creating community networks and civic action, they represent a model for community development efforts” (Gittell, et al. 2000, 123). My study documents the strategies and networks of women-led CDOs in MDC that prioritize women’s economic security. Their strategies are especially important during these times of economic recession and government reductions in funding towards social services. The focus of the research is women-led CDOs that work to improve social services access, economic opportunity, civic participation and capacity, and women’s rights. Although many women-led CDOs prioritize building social infrastructures that promote change, inequalities in economic and political status for women without economic security remain a challenge (Young 2004). My research supports previous studies by Gittell, et al., finding that women-led CDOs in Miami-Dade County have key characteristics of a model of community development efforts that use networking and collaboration to strengthen their broad, integrated approach. The resulting community partnerships, coupled with participation by constituents in the development process, build a foundation to influence policy decisions for social change. In addition, my findings show that women-led CDOs in Miami-Dade County have a major focus on alleviating poverty and economic insecurity, particularly that of women. Finally, it was found that a majority of the five organizations network transnationally, using lessons learned to inform their work of expanding the agency of their constituents and placing the economic empowerment of women as central in the process of family and community development.

Evidence of Leishmania infantum infection in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in a natural area in Madrid, Spain

Leishmaniasis is one of most important neglected zoonosis and remains endemic in at least 88 developing countries in the world. In addition, anthropogenic environmental changes in urban areas are leading to its emergency world-wide. Zoonotic leishmaniasis control might only be achieved by an integrated approach targeting both the human host and the animal reservoirs, which in certain sylvatic cycles are yet to be identified. Recently, hares have been pointed out as competent reservoirs of Leishmania infantum in Spain, but the role of other lagomorphs has not been clarified. Here, 69 rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) from a natural area in Madrid in which a high density was present were analyzed using indirect (immunofluorescence antibody test, IFAT) and direct (PCR, culture) techniques. Fifty-seven (82.6%) of the animals were positive to at least one technique, with IFAT yielding the highest proportion of positive samples. L. infantum was isolated in 13% animals demonstrating the occurrence of infection in this setting. Our results suggest that rabbits could play a role of competent reservoir of L. infantum and demonstrate that the prevalence of infection is high in the analyzed area.

Att vara kommunikativt låst : Professionellas berättande om (vanskliga) vårdrelationer

The aim of the article is to shed light on the social dynamic that characterizes communicative breakdowns. As a first stage, this has been explored through individual and group interviews with 34 healthcare professionals about situations where they claim there has been a communication breakdown. Based on the professionals’ testimonies, the research question was: how do professionals illustrate their experiences of communicative breakdowns? In terms of theory, the study draws upon an integrated approach to language and social interaction dynamics – for example how actors mediate positions and roles, but also present, negotiate and determine the course of action in patient cases. Findings show: (1) different degrees of severity in communicative breakdowns, and (2) that the professionals have developed and use both explicit and implicit strategies to handle ”delicate relationships” in this kind of interactions.

Variedades e estilos na obra atribuída a Frei Carlos: novas perspetivas

Este trabalho de investigação centra-se no contributo dos exames de superfície e nas análises micro-analíticas no estudo de vinte e uma pinturas atribuídas à oficina de Frei Carlos, um dos grandes Mestres Luso-Flamengos ativos em território Nacional durante a primeira metade do século XVI. A "Pintura Luso-Flamenga" é uma expressão comummente usada na história da pintura Portuguesa do primeiro terço do século XVI e no seu sentido mais básico designa o trabalho de mestres flamengos que se instalaram em Portugal durante o reinado de D. Manuel I (1495- 1521) contribuindo decisivamente para o processo de renovação da pintura Portuguesa na época. O estudo integrado combina a pesquisa histórica em fontes documentais com exames de superfície e de caracterização material das obras de arte. O estudo material das pinturas foi realizado através de microscopia ótica, microscopia de infravermelhos com transformada de Fourier, espectroscopia de micro-Raman, microscopia eletrónica de varrimento acoplada com espectrometria de energia dispersiva de raios X, micro- difração de raios-X, cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência e pirólise acoplada à cromatografia gasosa /espectrometria de massa. Esta investigação envolveu técnicas complementares de análise de superfície e de ponto no estudo técnico e material das preparações, imprimitura, desenho subjacente, camadas pictóricas e sucessões estratigráficas, dando a conhecer os materiais utilizados na execução técnica das pinturas e evidenciando especificidades técnicas da produção artística. Este estudo pretende inclusivamente evidenciar alguns detalhes técnicos do artista que possivelmente estão relacionados com a herança das práticas Flamengas. O conhecimento de algumas particularidades da técnica deste Mestre também permitiu estabelecer comparações com duas pinturas que haviam sido atribuídas, com algumas reservas, a esta oficina de pintura Luso-Flamenga. Mais recentemente, como resultado de um estudo colaborativo, foi realizada uma ampla campanha de reflectografia infravermelhos, introduzindo novos dados acerca da execução técnica do desenho subjacente, o que contribuiu para diferenciar, nestas duas pinturas, outra "mão", atribuída então a um seguidor de Frei Carlos. Esta investigação introduz um novo e profundo conhecimento sobre a Oficina de Frei Carlos, permitindo estabelecer comparações com a obra do seu seguidor e com uma pintura também atribuída a esta oficina e que incorpora o Museu da National Gallery (NG5594), evidenciando os materiais utilizados na técnica de produção artística e especificidades técnicas aliadas aos processos criativos/ construtivos que permitem estabelecer os pontos de contacto e de diferenciação entre estas obras; Varieties and styles in the works attributed to Frei Carlos - new perspectives Abstract: This investigation is focused on the contributions of surface exams and micro-analytical research in the study of twenty one paintings attributed to Frei Carlos workshop, one of the most important Portuguese-Flemish painters active in our country during the first half of sixteen Century. "Portuguese-Flemish Painting" is a common expression used in the history of Portuguese painting of the first third of the sixteenth century and in its most basic meaning designates the work of Flemish masters who settled in Portugal during the reign of King Manuel I (1495-1521) contributing decisively to the process of renewal of Portuguese painting at the time. The integrated approach combines historical research on documental sources with surface examination and material characterization of the paintings by using state-of-art analytical techniques. Microanalysis was carried out by optical microscopy, micro-Fourier-transform infrared-spectroscopy, micro-Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, micro-X-ray diffraction analysis, high performance liquid chromatography and Pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry. This complementary surface and analytical research was involved in the technical and material characterization of grounds, underdrawings, primings, paint layers and its multi-layered build-up, providing access to the painter´s materials used in the technical execution of the paintings and details of the technique of artistic production. This study also intends to expose some usual details of the artist’s technique which are possibly related to the Master´s Flemish influence. The knowledge of some particularities of the Master´s technique also allowed a new comparison with two paintings that had been attributed with some reserves to this Portuguese-Flemish workshop. More recently, as a result of a collaborative study, an extensive infrared reflectography campaign was made, giving new data concerning underdrawings technical execution and contributing to differentiate, in these two paintings, another “hand”, attributed to a follower of Frei Carlos. Complementary analytical research also added a new and deep insight into Frei Carlos workshop, his follower and a panel that still attributed to Frei Carlos workshop that integrates the National Gallery´s Museum (NG5594), evidencing the materials used in technical production, their models and sources of artistic inspiration, techniques and pictorial construction procedures that could specifically relate or distinguish between them.