ETNOMETODOLOGIA E MULTIRREFERENCIALIDADE: A FORMAÇÃO DO PROFESSOR DOS ANOS INICIAIS DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL SOB DUAS PERSPECTIVAS DE ANÁLISE

BARBOSA, Sílvia Maria C. Etnometodologia e ulterreferencialidade: a formação do professor dos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental sob duas perspectivas. São Bernardo do Campo: UMESP, p. 122, 2006. O estudo discute o Curso de Pedagogia do Programa Especial de Formação Profissional para Professores de Educação Básica PROFORMAÇÃO, da Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte/UERN. Assumo a hipótese de que, ao ser pensado e vivido, este não leva em conta a vida dos professores, com seus: conceitos, normas, conhecimentos e concepções de mundo, e precisa ser pensado de forma complexa. À luz da etnometodologia de Coulon (1995) e da abordagem multirreferencial de Ardoino, Barbosa, Macedo (1998, 2000), pretendo contribuir para a compreensão da formação do professor dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental a partir da leitura da realidade do professor e de sua formação, com a perspectiva de contribuir com as discussões referidas ao curso, para que esse se torne mais adequado à realidade dos professores de Ensino Fundamental. Trata-se de um estudo de natureza etnometodológica, com aspectos da pesquisa-ação (Barbier, 1977), tendo como coadjuvantes três alunas-professoras que estudaram no curso durante o período de 2001 a 2004. A leitura minuciosa dos dados fez com que eu percebesse que a hipótese formulada não condiz com o momento atual da pesquisa, claro que o estudo ora realizado não tem como objetivo comprovar ou não a hipótese. Até porque numa pesquisa edificada a partir da etnometodologiamulterreferencialidade, a hipótese perde totalmente o sentido, já que busco compreender e demonstrar o que se passa no curso em estudo. Vários fatores ocasionaram o diferencial da turma, como: todos os professores-formadores eram dos quadros efetivos da UERN; professores-formadores com experiência em pesquisa; três professoras-formadoras estiveram do início ao fim do curso.

DESEMPENHO EM TESTES DE ATENÇÃO VISUAL E INTERFERÊNCIA DE ESTÍMULOS AUDITIVOS DE MOVIMENTO EM INDIVÍDUOS COM E SEM MEDO DE ALTURA

Desordens da ansiedade, especialmente a agorafobia e a desordem do pânico foram associadas a anormalidades das funções vestibulares. Evidências de que o controle do equilíbrio pode exigir habilidades atencionais também foram relatadas. Utilizando o medo de altura como modelo clínico onde sintomas ansiosos coexistem com anormalidades com a percepção espacial e controle do equilíbrio, este estudo investigou o desempenho em testes de atenção visual em voluntários normais com altos e baixos escores obtidos do Questionário de Acrofobia. O teste de rastreio visual foi realizado em 30 indivíduos (15 em cada grupo) enquanto ouviam dois tipos diferentes de estímulos auditivos. Na condição volume um som de 900 Hz era apresentado em ambos ouvidos durante 2 segundos seguidos de mais 2 segundos de silêncio. Na condição balanço , o mesmo som era apresentado durante 2 segundos ao ouvido direito seguido por 2 segundos ao ouvido esquerdo. Estímulos auditivos de movimento provocaram maior desconforto em ambos os grupos, mas nos indivíduos com maiores escores de acrofobia estes estímulos foram associados a um pior desempenho no teste visual. Embora muito limitado pela amostra experimental, este estudo sugere que o medo de altura pode estar associado à dependência visual para manutenção do equilíbrio e que poderia piorar o desempenho nos testes visuais devido à competição dos recursos neuro-cognitivos. Implicações experimentais e clínicas destes achados preliminares exigem outras pesquisas.

Bayesian invariant measurements of generalisation for discrete distributions

Neural network learning rules can be viewed as statistical estimators. They should be studied in Bayesian framework even if they are not Bayesian estimators. Generalisation should be measured by the divergence between the true distribution and the estimated distribution. Information divergences are invariant measurements of the divergence between two distributions. The posterior average information divergence is used to measure the generalisation ability of a network. The optimal estimators for multinomial distributions with Dirichlet priors are studied in detail. This confirms that the definition is compatible with intuition. The results also show that many commonly used methods can be put under this unified framework, by assume special priors and special divergences.

Computer aided manufacturing of geometric models

As systems for computer-aided-design and production of mechanical parts have developed, there has arisen a need for techniques for the comprehensive description of the desired part, including its 3-D shape. The creation and manipulation of shapes is generally known as geometric modelling. It is desirable that links be established between geometric modellers and machining programs. Currently, unbounded APT and some bounded geometry systems are being widely used in manufacturing industry for machining operations such as: milling, drilling, boring and turning, applied mainly to engineering parts. APT systems, however, are presently only linked to wire-frame drafting systems. The combination of a geometric modeller and APT will provide a powerful manufacturing system for industry from the initial design right through part manufacture using NC machines. This thesis describes a recently developed interface (ROMAPT) between a bounded geometry modeller (ROMULUS) and an unbounded NC processor (APT). A new set of theoretical functions and practical algorithms for the computer aided manufacturing of 3D solid geometric model has been investigated. This work has led to the development of a sophisticated computer program, ROMAPT, which provides a new link between CAD (in form of a goemetric modeller ROMULUS) and CAM (in form of the APT NC system). ROMAPT has been used to machine some engineering prototypes successfully both in soft foam material and aluminium. It has been demonstrated above that the theory and algorithms developed by the author for the development of computer aided manufacturing of 3D solid modelling are both valid and applicable. ROMAPT allows the full potential of a solid geometric modeller (ROMULUS) to be further exploited for NC applications without requiring major investment in new NC processor. ROMAPT supports output in APT-AC, APT4 and the CAM-I SSRI NC languages.

Joining the dots:building the evidence base for SME growth policy

This introductory article to the special issue on building the evidence base for small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) growth policy reviews the themes covered by the contributions to the special issue and identifies a number of directions for future research and policy.

Математика и музика (от Питагор до Бах и до наши дни)

Georgi Dimkov - Looking at the performance of a violonist we perceive that the four strings of the instrument produces tones different pitches. It is clear that the artist presses the strings on special places and that changes the pitch. These places are determined practically by the musicians. Is it possible to determine these places theoretically, from some abstract point of view? After the legend the first successive investigations in this field were done by Pythagoras. The development of the ideas for improvement and enlargement of the results of Pythagoras is the mane topic of the present paper.

Three-Dimensional Operational Calculi for Nonlocal Evolution Boundary Value Problems

Иван Христов Димовски, Юлиан Цанков Цанков - Построени са директни операционни смятания за функции u(x, y, t), непрекъснати в област от вида D = [0, a] × [0, b] × [0, ∞). Наред с класическата дюамелова конволюция, построението използва и две некласически конволюции за операторите ∂2x и ∂2y. Тези три едномерни конволюции се комбинират в една тримерна конволюция u ∗ v в C(D). Вместо подхода на Я. Микусински, основаващ се на конволюционни частни, се развива алтернативен подход с използване на мултипликаторните частни на конволюционната алгебра (C(D), ∗).

A new paradigm in large-scale assembly-research priorities in measurement assisted assembly

This paper presents for the first time the concept of measurement assisted assembly (MAA) and outlines the research priorities of the realisation of this concept in the industry. MAA denotes a paradigm shift in assembly for high value and complex products and encompasses the development and use of novel metrology processes for the holistic integration and capability enhancement of key assembly and ancillary processes. A complete framework for MAA is detailed showing how this can facilitate a step change in assembly process capability and efficiency for large and complex products, such as airframes, where traditional assembly processes exhibit the requirement for rectification and rework, use inflexible tooling and are largely manual, resulting in cost and cycle time pressures. The concept of MAA encompasses a range of innovativemeasurement- assisted processes which enable rapid partto- part assembly, increased use of flexible automation, traceable quality assurance and control, reduced structure weight and improved levels of precision across the dimensional scales. A full scale industrial trial of MAA technologies has been carried out on an experimental aircraft wing demonstrating the viability of the approach while studies within 140 smaller companies have highlighted the need for better adoption of existing process capability and quality control standards. The identified research priorities for MAA include the development of both frameless and tooling embedded automated metrology networks. Other research priorities relate to the development of integrated dimensional variation management, thermal compensation algorithms as well as measurement planning and inspection of algorithms linking design to measurement and process planning. © Springer-Verlag London 2013.

The effects of material variations in high value manufacturing industries

It has never been easy for manufacturing companies to understand their confidence level in terms of how accurate and to what degree of flexibility parts can be made. This brings uncertainty in finding the most suitable manufacturing method as well as in controlling their product and process verification systems. The aim of this research is to develop a system for capturing the company’s knowledge and expertise and then reflect it into an MRP (Manufacturing Resource Planning) system. A key activity here is measuring manufacturing and machining capabilities to a reasonable confidence level. For this purpose an in-line control measurement system is introduced to the company. Using SPC (Statistical Process Control) not only helps to predict the trend in manufacturing of parts but also minimises the human error in measurement. Gauge R&R (Repeatability and Reproducibility) study identifies problems in measurement systems. Measurement is like any other process in terms of variability. Reducing this variation via an automated machine probing system helps to avoid defects in future products.Developments in aerospace, nuclear, oil and gas industries demand materials with high performance and high temperature resistance under corrosive and oxidising environments. Superalloys were developed in the latter half of the 20th century as high strength materials for such purposes. For the same characteristics superalloys are considered as difficult-to-cut alloys when it comes to formation and machining. Furthermore due to the sensitivity of superalloy applications, in many cases they should be manufactured with tight tolerances. In addition superalloys, specifically Nickel based, have unique features such as low thermal conductivity due to having a high amount of Nickel in their material composition. This causes a high surface temperature on the work-piece at the machining stage which leads to deformation in the final product.Like every process, the material variations have a significant impact on machining quality. The main cause of variations can originate from chemical composition and mechanical hardness. The non-uniform distribution of metal elements is a major source of variation in metallurgical structures. Different heat treatment standards are designed for processing the material to the desired hardness levels based on application. In order to take corrective actions, a study on the material aspects of superalloys has been conducted. In this study samples from different batches of material have been analysed. This involved material preparation for microscopy analysis, and the effect of chemical compositions on hardness (before and after heat treatment). Some of the results are discussed and presented in this paper.

Hierarchical ZnO “rod like” architecture synthesized via reverse micellar route for improved photocatalytic activity

Hierarchical ZnO “rod like” architecture was successfully synthesized via reverse micellar route and characterized by various techniques. The FESEM studies show controlled decomposition of zinc oxalate into ZnO “rod like” architecture at 500 °C with slow heat rate at 1°/min. Interestingly, improved photocatalytic activity was observed for the degradation of Rhodamine B, due to the self assembly of hexagonal nanoparticles of zinc oxide forming hierarchical ZnO “rod like” architecture which can greatly enhance the light utilization rate due to its special architecture and enlarge the specific surface area, providing more reaction sites and promoting mass transfer. More importantly, the reusability studies of this architecture were most economical.

La caída del hombre nuevo: Narrativa cubana del “Período Especial”

The purpose of this dissertation is to demonstrate that the societal changes that took place in Cuba during the last decade of the twentieth century, period know as The Special Period in Times of Peace, created the necessary conditions for the development of a new type of narrative. The first chapter constitutes an historical overview of the role of the State in the literary and artistic creation in revolutionary Cuba. The second, third, and fourth chapters analyze the major characteristics in the narrative of this period, creating a contrast with previous decades of the revolutionary era. With such purpose the study is divided into three categories: language, themes, and ideology. The usage of language as a means of transgression, the recurrence of the topic of need, and the rebirth of critical thinking, represent the principal characteristics of this literary period, and confirm the main idea of this dissertation: the fall of the ideal of the New Man. The final chapter summarizes the findings of the study and poses a question: If the ideal of the New Man has ceased to exist, what has replaced it? The question of whether or not a new ideal has replaced that of the New Man, and what that ideal might be, constitutes a stepping-stone for further studies in the area of Cuban narrative of the Special Period and beyond.

Phylogenetic analysis of within -host serially-sampled viral data

The primary goal of this dissertation is the study of patterns of viral evolution inferred from serially-sampled sequence data, i.e., sequence data obtained from strains isolated at consecutive time points from a single patient or host. RNA viral populations have an extremely high genetic variability, largely due to their astronomical population sizes within host systems, high replication rate, and short generation time. It is this aspect of their evolution that demands special attention and a different approach when studying the evolutionary relationships of serially-sampled sequence data. New methods that analyze serially-sampled data were developed shortly after a groundbreaking HIV-1 study of several patients from which viruses were isolated at recurring intervals over a period of 10 or more years. These methods assume a tree-like evolutionary model, while many RNA viruses have the capacity to exchange genetic material with one another using a process called recombination. ^ A genealogy involving recombination is best described by a network structure. A more general approach was implemented in a new computational tool, Sliding MinPD, one that is mindful of the sampling times of the input sequences and that reconstructs the viral evolutionary relationships in the form of a network structure with implicit representations of recombination events. The underlying network organization reveals unique patterns of viral evolution and could help explain the emergence of disease-associated mutants and drug-resistant strains, with implications for patient prognosis and treatment strategies. In order to comprehensively test the developed methods and to carry out comparison studies with other methods, synthetic data sets are critical. Therefore, appropriate sequence generators were also developed to simulate the evolution of serially-sampled recombinant viruses, new and more through evaluation criteria for recombination detection methods were established, and three major comparison studies were performed. The newly developed tools were also applied to "real" HIV-1 sequence data and it was shown that the results represented within an evolutionary network structure can be interpreted in biologically meaningful ways. ^

Utilizing Real Objects to Increase Reading Comprehension in Students with Significant Cognitive Disabilities

This poster presents the results of a study conducted to evaluate the effects of pairing read-alouds with real objects related to stories read to students with significant cognitive disabilities to increase reading comprehension skills. The participants are four elementary students. The target audience is special education teachers.

Singing About Expected Behaviors for Group Instruction

The proposed study will be displayed on a poster board that contains the research methods and results due to the use of music intervention with students with ASD.