Contradições como força de mudança: o processo de formação continuada de professores do ensino médio enquanto potencializador da práxis transformadora à luz da teoria histórico-cultural

The intervention research proposed was based on the Cultural-Historical Theory based on the laws and logic of materialism historical-dialectical. Therefore, we tried to design a research process that involved all as responsible for the process. In the field of continuous teacher's training usually has been found dualistic relationship / paradoxical processes as a result of the adopted training models which are characterized by individualist human processes. The teacher training work sought to overcome this dualism, to promote the unveiling of the contradictions with regard to teaching models. As a hypothesis, we imagined that immersed in this process, teachers recognize such contradictions, and this recognition would make the contradictions become the driving force of change in teaching practice, realizing the teaching-learning-development triad as the basis of praxis. Aiming to develop a process of continuing education to bring results to the professional teachers development looking for answer the following research question: How and what the changes of teachers who participated in the Didactic-Formative Intervention process raised the quality of their teaching practices? In this context, the objective of the research was to develop a process of Didactic-Formative Intervention from the perspective of Cultural-Historical Theory with high school teachers in order to theorize about the changes in pedagogical practices of teachers and learn aspects that transform the essence teaching practice. The research involved two high school teachers of a public school in Uberlândia-MG. The training meetings took place at the school through a collective study group between the years 2013 and 2015. As procedures were used two interconnected aspects: classes observations, and a theoretical and methodological training, both for diagnosis and for the process evaluation, the second aspect has a formative dimension, and a didactic dimension (double meaning) to form didactically the teacher and to elaborate didactic procedures. The collected data were analyzed by observing the assumptions of the method, analysis by units and the processuality. As results teachers showed changes in their teaching practices regarding the organization of the pedagogical work and also centered their design educational actions based on learning and development of the students. The presence of continuous diagnosis during the classes, work with a systems of concepts and their conceptual links, problematization as a teaching method can be pointed as meaningful changes in their praxis. Regarding the training activities that emerged from the analysis of the compiled materials and analyzed throughout the process can be emphasized: forming a collective group of school teachers continuous training, diagnostics, development of practical activities, increase relationships among participants, the choice of scientific material used should have direct relation to the needs of the participants, promoting conditions that enable the emergence of contradictions between the pedagogical practice of teachers and teaching based on the perspective of the Cultural-Historical Theory. This research craved to develop and design a teachers' training processes that increase the quality of teachers life and ways of teaching in the Brazilian public school.

O cinema como recurso didático no ensino-aprendizagem de espanhol como língua estrangeira

O presente relatório final de estágio insere-se no âmbito das unidades curriculares de Prática de Ensino Supervisionada I - II e do Seminário de Investigação em Didática das Línguas Estrangeiras I – II, e tem por finalidade apresentar um projeto com contornos de investigação-ação desenvolvido com o intuito de estudar as potencialidades didáticas do cinema e de perceber em que medida este recurso poderá ajudar os discentes a desenvolverem e melhorarem competências de expressão oral, além de outras aprendizagens. Na primeira parte deste trabalho, e tendo por base um conjunto de bibliografia especializada sobre o tema, elaboramos o enquadramento teórico que expõe a temática das potencialidades do cinema como recurso didático. Numa segunda parte, numa abordagem mais prática, são apresentadas propostas didáticas com o propósito de comprovar e aplicar os pressupostos teóricos apresentados. Para o efeito e como instrumentos de recolha de dados, fizemos uso de inquéritos por questionário e da análise documental de manuais e de trabalhos realizados pelos discentes. Estes dados foram tratados através de uma análise de conteúdo e de procedimentos metodológicos quantitativos e qualitativos. Este projeto de investigação revestiu-se de grande importância ao justificar que os benefícios proporcionados pelo uso do cinema em contexto didático contribuem para o sucesso da aprendizagem dos alunos. A título de conclusão, recomenda-se uma maior utilização do cinema como recurso didático, consciencializando os discentes e docentes das suas potencialidades enquanto promotor de aprendizagem.

Instructivo pedagógico de “Guardianes del Cosmos”, 30 piezas de acercamiento a la música contemporánea de cámara

El presente trabajo es un instructivo pedagógico complementario de la obra de Cámara “Guardianes del Cosmos”, un material producto compositivo que se propone para la práctica de música contemporánea de cámara en niveles de iniciación instrumental, pre-banda y pre-orquesta -- Este instructivo se basa en los grados de dificultad sugeridos por el Ministerio de Cultura de Colombia para las prácticas aludidas y tiene, como punto de partida, la necesidad de un material multinivel que desarrolle, además, otras estéticas musicales -- Se incluyen lenguajes como politonalidad, bitonalidad, bimodalidad, polimetría, heterometría y formas de escrituras no convencionales, que puedan servir para la práctica instrumental, de cara a la formación de un instrumentista integral y con fundamentos para una formación profesional

As potencialidades da imagem como recurso didático no desenvolvimento de alunos histórica e geograficamente competentes

Relatório de investigação apresentado à Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa para obtenção de grau de mestre no Mestrado em Ensino do 1.º e 2.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico

GeoPlexo: um material manipulável para o ensino dos números complexos

This study aims to develop a manipulative material to assist the teaching and learning of Complex Numbers. Primarily, It tries to define the status of the current teaching of Complex Numbers, having as guide the bias of the research produced in dissertations and published on the website of Capes and the Virtual Library of Profmat from 2004 to 2014. It presents historical aspects of the theme, a mathematical foundation and a discussion of the use of manipulative materials as teaching resources for the teaching of mathematics. It introduces the manipulative material called GeoPlexo and a sequence of activities of potentiation and settling of complex numbers, explaining its use. It concludes with the importance of manipulative materials as a teaching resource for the teaching of Complex Numbers, especially regarding the geometric visualization of this mathematical object.

As questões de género nos materiais pedagógico-didáticos ao serviço do ensino de História e Geografia

Mestrado, Ensino de História e Geografia no 3.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico e Secundário, 7 de Julho de 2016, Universidade dos Açores (Relatório de Estágio).

Conservatorio de Música de Málaga: Proceso Pedagógico, Historia y género (1869-1959)

La investigación reconstruye la Historia del Conservatorio de Música de Málaga desde su inicio en el 1869 hasta el año 1959, momento que en su funcionamiento y dinámica tiene cierta analogía con el actual centro musical. En el trabajo confluyen tres vertientes de interés que se muestran convergentes y nos proporcionan una interesante visión y lectura de los hechos de: Historia, Pedagogía y Género, presentándose en tres bloques: 1. Historia y legislación: A lo largo de este periodo y partiendo de su correspondiente contextualización en la sociedad malagueña de la época, se tratan los elementos materiales, personales y funcionales, reconstruyendo datos de interés como las distintas ubicaciones, la financiación y base económica, los Directores que marcaron con su gobierno las diferentes etapas, las historias de los profesores que ejercieron en el centro, las circunstancias y características de los alumnos, los órganos de inspección, los reglamentos empleados, las oposiciones y procesos de acceso a la plantilla docente, las asignaturas que se impartieron, el material, el archivo musical, la biblioteca, los manuales en uso, las evaluaciones y exámenes, los resultados académicos, los títulos, la asociación de alumnos, las gratuidades y becas que se administraron, los actos más relevantes que se organizaron…. 2. Mujeres: Se sitúa al género femenino en el contexto educativo de la época, haciendo especial énfasis en el papel que tenía la música en dicha formación. A continuación se argumenta la desconocida relación profesional y cooperación que existía entre las docentes del Conservatorio malagueño y las de la Escuela Normal de Magisterio, entre las que se hallan profesoras de reconocida y estudiada trayectoria como Ana María Sólo de Zaldívar Hidalgo Chacón, María del Buen Suceso Luengo y de la Figuera, Elena Prieto Fernández de Segura, Clotilde Marín Alcalá, Emilia Miquel, María Luisa Soriano Alba, Victoria Montiel…. para terminar reconstruyendo la vida de cuatro profesoras destacadas de reconocido valor ligadas al Conservatorio: Julia Parody, Julia Torras, María Luisa Soriano Alba y Rosa Faria. Se observa en esta etapa del estudio la fuerte predominancia entre los alumnos del género femenino, aunque paradójicamente los profesionales que posteriormente se dedicaban a estos oficios eran fundamentalmente hombres. Se reflejan así los estándares que guiaban la sociedad patriarcal de entonces. Puede percibirse sin embargo un cambio sustancial con el transcurrir de los años, pues si en un inicio el Conservatorio se revela como un centro elitista que acoge sobre todo a Señoritas de la alta burguesía malagueña, de las cuales un alto porcentaje interrumpe sus estudios o los abandona para atender obligaciones maritales o familiares , poco a poco se va disolviendo ese carácter elitista y femenino de la institución, para acoger cada vez a más alumnos de clase media e incluso baja y de ambos sexos. 3. Causas y consecuencias de la labor pedagógica: se argumenta y prueba la influencia del Krausismo y la Masonería en la creación y desarrollo del centro musical, recuperando los nobles personajes que desde estas corrientes crearon y velaron por el desarrollo del centro musical custodiando y favoreciendo su evolución. Se revela cómo los premios y concursos programados por el Conservatorio supusieron la motivación y prestigio de toda una época que dejó a su paso una estela de grandes músicos. Las diferentes Metodologías empleadas no sólo utilizaban las teorías en tendencia de Maestros reputados como Hilarión Eslava, pues también se idearon y escribieron tratados propios e inéditos, sumergidos en el devenir de la historia que han sido rescatados. El Conservatorio se nutrirá del paso de magníficos profesores que dejaron su huella en prolíficas generaciones. De todos aquellos la investigación detiene la mirada en la Escuela Pianística, por ser la especialidad de preferencia del género femenino, para descubrir la línea metodológica heredada en el Piano y sus correspondientes derivaciones y ramificaciones de generación en generación, desde el profesor Ricardo Pascual a Barranco Borch, ramificándose posteriormente en Madrid con Julia Parody y reafirmándose en Málaga con Julia Torras hasta la generación de la familia Socías. Dicha Escuela Pianística dio fecundos frutos, encarnados en alumnos que destacarían en el panorama internacional como Manuel Carra o Esteban Sánchez.

Effect Of Platform Connection And Abutment Material On Stress Distribution In Single Anterior Implant-supported Restorations: A Nonlinear 3-dimensional Finite Element Analysis.

Although various abutment connections and materials have recently been introduced, insufficient data exist regarding the effect of stress distribution on their mechanical performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different abutment materials and platform connections on stress distribution in single anterior implant-supported restorations with the finite element method. Nine experimental groups were modeled from the combination of 3 platform connections (external hexagon, internal hexagon, and Morse tapered) and 3 abutment materials (titanium, zirconia, and hybrid) as follows: external hexagon-titanium, external hexagon-zirconia, external hexagon-hybrid, internal hexagon-titanium, internal hexagon-zirconia, internal hexagon-hybrid, Morse tapered-titanium, Morse tapered-zirconia, and Morse tapered-hybrid. Finite element models consisted of a 4×13-mm implant, anatomic abutment, and lithium disilicate central incisor crown cemented over the abutment. The 49 N occlusal loading was applied in 6 steps to simulate the incisal guidance. Equivalent von Mises stress (σvM) was used for both the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the implant and abutment in all the groups and the maximum (σmax) and minimum (σmin) principal stresses for the numerical comparison of the zirconia parts. The highest abutment σvM occurred in the Morse-tapered groups and the lowest in the external hexagon-hybrid, internal hexagon-titanium, and internal hexagon-hybrid groups. The σmax and σmin values were lower in the hybrid groups than in the zirconia groups. The stress distribution concentrated in the abutment-implant interface in all the groups, regardless of the platform connection or abutment material. The platform connection influenced the stress on abutments more than the abutment material. The stress values for implants were similar among different platform connections, but greater stress concentrations were observed in internal connections.

Improved Selective Cholesterol Adsorption By Molecularly Imprinted Poly(methacrylic Acid)/silica (pmaa-sio₂) Hybrid Material Synthesized With Different Molar Ratios.

The present paper describes the synthesis of molecularly imprinted polymer - poly(methacrylic acid)/silica and reports its performance feasibility with desired adsorption capacity and selectivity for cholesterol extraction. Two imprinted hybrid materials were synthesized at different methacrylic acid (MAA)/tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) molar ratios (6:1 and 1:5) and characterized by FT-IR, TGA, SEM and textural data. Cholesterol adsorption on hybrid materials took place preferably in apolar solvent medium, especially in chloroform. From the kinetic data, the equilibrium time was reached quickly, being 12 and 20 min for the polymers synthesized at MAA/TEOS molar ratio of 6:1 and 1:5, respectively. The pseudo-second-order model provided the best fit for cholesterol adsorption on polymers, confirming the chemical nature of the adsorption process, while the dual-site Langmuir-Freundlich equation presented the best fit to the experimental data, suggesting the existence of two kinds of adsorption sites on both polymers. The maximum adsorption capacities obtained for the polymers synthesized at MAA/TEOS molar ratios of 6:1 and 1:5 were found to be 214.8 and 166.4 mg g(-1), respectively. The results from isotherm data also indicated higher adsorption capacity for both imprinted polymers regarding to corresponding non-imprinted polymers. Nevertheless, taking into account the retention parameters and selectivity of cholesterol in the presence of structurally analogue compounds (5-α-cholestane and 7-dehydrocholesterol), it was observed that the polymer synthesized at the MAA/TEOS molar ratio of 6:1 was much more selective for cholesterol than the one prepared at the ratio of 1:5, thus suggesting that selective binding sites ascribed to the carboxyl group from MAA play a central role in the imprinting effect created on MIP.

Mesenchymal Stromal Cells From Adipose Tissue Attached To Suture Material Enhance The Closure Of Enterocutaneous Fistulas In A Rat Model.

Surgical treatment for enterocutaneous fistulas (EF) frequently fails. Cell therapy may represent a new approach to treatment. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have high proliferative and differentiation capacity. This study aimed to investigate whether MSCs could adhere to suture filament (SF), promoting better EF healing. MSCs, 1 × 10(6), from adipose tissue (ATMSCs) were adhered to a Polyvicryl SF by adding a specific fibrin glue formulation. Adhesion was confirmed by confocal and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A cecal fistula was created in 22 Wistar rats by incising the cecum and suturing the opening to the surgical wound subcutaneously with four separate stitches. The animals were randomly allocated to three groups: control (CG)-five animals, EF performed; injection (IG)-eight animals 1 × 10(6) ATMSCs injected around EF borders; and suture filament (SG): nine animals, sutured with 1 × 10(6) ATMSCs attached to the filaments with fibrin glue. Fistulas were photographed on the operation day and every 3 days until the 21st day and analyzed by two observers using ImageJ Software. Confocal and SEM results demonstrated ATMSCs adhered to SF (ATMSCs-SF). The average reduction size of the fistula area at 21st day was greater for the SG group (90.34%, P < 0.05) than the IG (71.80%) and CG (46.54%) groups. ATMSCs adhered to SF maintain viability and proliferative capacity. EF submitted to ATMSCs-SF procedure showed greater recovery and healing. This approach might be a new and effective tool for EF treatment.

Brazilian Natural Fiber (jute) As Raw Material For Activated Carbon Production.

Jute fiber is the second most common natural cellulose fiber worldwide, especially in recent years, due to its excellent physical, chemical and structural properties. The objective of this paper was to investigate: the thermal degradation of in natura jute fiber, and the production and characterization of the generated activated carbon. The production consisted of carbonization of the jute fiber and activation with steam. During the activation step the amorphous carbon produced in the initial carbonization step reacted with oxidizing gas, forming new pores and opening closed pores, which enhanced the adsorptive capacity of the activated carbon. N2 gas adsorption at 77K was used in order to evaluate the effect of the carbonization and activation steps. The results of the adsorption indicate the possibility of producing a porous material with a combination of microporous and mesoporous structure, depending on the parameters used in the processes, with resulting specific surface area around 470 m2.g-1. The thermal analysis indicates that above 600°C there is no significant mass loss.

Experimento didático de quimiometria para análise exploratória de óleos vegetais comestíveis por espectroscopia no infravermelho médio e análise de componentes principais: um tutorial, parte I

This manuscript aims to show the basic concepts and practical application of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) as a tutorial, using Matlab or Octave computing environment for beginners, undergraduate and graduate students. As a practical example it is shown the exploratory analysis of edible vegetable oils by mid infrared spectroscopy.

Produção de serapilheira e decomposição do material foliar em um cerradão na Estação Ecológica de Jataí, município de Luiz Antônio, SP, Brasil

We estimate litter production and leaf decomposition rate in a cerradão area, physiognomy little studied and very threatened in São Paulo State. During the period of study, litter production was 5646.9 kg.ha-1.year-1, which the 'leaf' fraction corresponded to 4081.2 kg.ha¹.year¹; the 'branch' fraction, to 1066.1 kg.ha-1.year-1; the 'reproductive structures' fraction, to 434.1 kg.ha-1.year-1; and the 'miscellaneous' fraction to 65.5 kg.ha-1.year-1. Litter production was highly seasonal and negatively correlated with relative humidity and air temperature. Leaf production was negatively correlated with relative humidity, rainfall, and air temperature. There was no significant difference between litter production found in this study and those in two other sites with cerradão and semideciduous forest, but these physiognomies differed significantly from the cerrado sensu stricto. Leaf decomposition rate (K) was 0.56. Half-life of the decomposing material was 1.8 years and turnover time was 2.3 years.

Pedagogia do esporte : organização, sistematização, aplicação e avaliação de conteúdos esportivos na educação não formal = Sport pedagogy : organization, systematization and application of sports content in non-formal education

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física