Evaluation of the respiratory motion effect in small animal PET images with GATE Monte Carlo simulations

The rapid growth in genetics and molecular biology combined with the development of techniques for genetically engineering small animals has led to increased interest in in vivo small animal imaging. Small animal imaging has been applied frequently to the imaging of small animals (mice and rats), which are ubiquitous in modeling human diseases and testing treatments. The use of PET in small animals allows the use of subjects as their own control, reducing the interanimal variability. This allows performing longitudinal studies on the same animal and improves the accuracy of biological models. However, small animal PET still suffers from several limitations. The amounts of radiotracers needed, limited scanner sensitivity, image resolution and image quantification issues, all could clearly benefit from additional research. Because nuclear medicine imaging deals with radioactive decay, the emission of radiation energy through photons and particles alongside with the detection of these quanta and particles in different materials make Monte Carlo method an important simulation tool in both nuclear medicine research and clinical practice. In order to optimize the quantitative use of PET in clinical practice, data- and image-processing methods are also a field of intense interest and development. The evaluation of such methods often relies on the use of simulated data and images since these offer control of the ground truth. Monte Carlo simulations are widely used for PET simulation since they take into account all the random processes involved in PET imaging, from the emission of the positron to the detection of the photons by the detectors. Simulation techniques have become an importance and indispensable complement to a wide range of problems that could not be addressed by experimental or analytical approaches.

Leptonic CP violation

Several topics on CP violation in the lepton sector are reviewed. A few theoretical aspects concerning neutrino masses, leptonic mixing, and CP violation will be covered, with special emphasis on seesaw models. A discussion is provided on observable effects which are manifest in the presence of CP violation, particularly, in neutrino oscillations and neutrinoless double beta decay processes, and their possible implications in collider experiments such as the LHC. The role that leptonic CP violation may have played in the generation of the baryon asymmetry of the Universe through the mechanism of leptogenesis is also discussed.

Intellectual Capital in a Seaport Context

This poster, which is the result of an ongoing PhD thesis project, illustrates how and why the Intellectual Capital (IC) concept can be applied to a seaport. As far as the authors are aware, most of the research in IC has been focused on individual firms. Although some recent papers examine macro-level organizations, such as regions, none exist on seaports. Also, there is a lack of research related to the ways IC is created and maintained as a dynamic process. In addition, there is a paucity of management sciences’ research on to maritime transportation and seaports. Several research questions are thus pertinent, whose answers can have important strategic and managerial implications for the seaport and its stakeholders.

Bulas de medicamentos como instrumento de informação técnico-científica

OBJETIVO: Verificar a adequabilidade das informações contidas nos textos de bulas de medicamentos essenciais comercializados no Brasil, utilizando, como parâmetro, a legislação vigente e a literatura técnico-científica especializada. MÉTODOS: Foram analisadas 168 bulas de medicamentos de 41 fármacos selecionados pela Relação Nacional de Medicamentos Essenciais (Rename). Utilizaram-se, para análise, principalmente a Portaria SVS nº 110/97 e a literatura técnico-científica de referência USP-DI (1999). Os dados foram coletados por uma ficha de avaliação, preparada por meio de um roteiro para texto de bula, e os dados preenchidos foram agrupados e analisados segundo grau de satisfação previamente estabelecido e atribuído a cada parte da bula. RESULTADOS: Foram consideradas insatisfatórias 91,4% e 97,0% das bulas, respectivamente para Informações ao Paciente (Parte I) e Informações Técnicas (Parte II), devido, principalmente, a informações incompletas e incorretas. CONCLUSÃO: A situação encontrada sofre a influência da falta de normatização e fiscalização adequadas por parte dos órgãos governamentais competentes, associada a um baixo nível de controle social por parte dos consumidores.

Validação do Questionário Nórdico de Sintomas Osteomusculares como medida de morbidade

OBJETIVO: Validar a versão brasileira do Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire -- NMQ (Questionário Nórdico de Sintomas Osteomusculares -- QNSO) e apresentar as relações entre morbidade osteomuscular e variáveis demográficas, ocupacionais e relativas a hábitos. MÉTODOS: A versão brasileira do instrumento NMQ foi aplicada a uma amostra de 90 empregados em uma instituição bancária estatal, em Brasília, em 1999. Foram realizadas análises descritivas da amostra e de associação entre as variáveis. Os resultados foram comparados a dados relativos à história clínica de cada respondente. Realizou-se análise estatística de comparação entre grupos (Test t) e de correlação entre variáveis (Pearson). RESULTADOS: Os resultados mostraram concordância entre o relato de sintomas no NMQ e a história clínica em 86% dos casos. Foram verificadas diferenças na prevalência de sintomas quanto ao gênero, à função exercida e à prática de atividade física. As mulheres apresentaram maior média de severidade de sintomas em quase todas as regiões anatômicas; os gerentes relataram maior severidade de sintomas em região lombar do que escriturários; a prática de atividade física regular esteve associada à menor severidade de sintomas em membros superiores. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados mostram um bom índice de validade concorrente para a versão brasileira do NMQ e recomendam sua utilização como medida de morbidade osteomuscular. Entretanto, o instrumento necessita de uma medida de severidade de sintomas e de alterações na diagramação e no conteúdo da escala para torná-la mais compreensível e menos suscetível a um excessivo número de respostas em branco.

Spontaneous leptonic CP violation and nonzero theta(13)

We consider a simple extension of the Standard Model by adding two Higgs triplets and a complex scalar singlet to its particle content. In this framework, the CP symmetry is spontaneously broken at high energies by the complex vacuum expectation value of the scalar singlet. Such a breaking leads to leptonic CP violation at low energies. The model also exhibits an A(4) X Z(4) flavor symmetry which, after being spontaneously broken at a high-energy scale, yields a tribimaximal pattern in the lepton sector. We consider small perturbations around the tribimaximal vacuum alignment condition in order to generate nonzero values of theta(13), as required by the latest neutrino oscillation data. It is shown that the value of theta(13) recently measured by the Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment can be accommodated in our framework together with large Dirac-type CP violation. We also address the viability of leptogenesis in our model through the out-of-equilibrium decays of the Higgs triplets. In particular, the CP asymmetries in the triplet decays into two leptons are computed and it is shown that the effective leptogenesis and low-energy CP-violating phases are directly linked.

Otimização da imagem em tomografia computorizada no exame de tórax

Mestrado em Radiações Aplicadas às Tecnologias da Saúde. Área de especialização: Imagem Digital.

Otimização de dose em mamografia

Mestrado em Radiações Aplicadas às Tecnologias da Saúde. Área de especialização: Imagem Digital com Radiação X.

Development of novel ionic liquids based on ampicillin

Novel ionic liquids containing ampicillin as an active pharmaceutical ingredient anion were prepared with good yields by using a new, efficient synthetic procedure based on the neutralization of a moderately basic ammonia solution of ampicillin with different organic cation hydroxides. The relevant physical and thermal properties of these novel ionic liquids based on ampicillin were also evaluated.

Crime fiscal: "Abuso de confiança fiscal - artigo 105º RGIT"

Mestrado em Fiscalidade

Fraude Carrossel: Métodos de Combate

Mestrado em Fiscalidade

Acompanhamento da construção de obras de arte

No âmbito do Trabalho Final de Mestrado (TFM), propus a realização do presente relatório de estágio para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil, inserido no perfil de estruturas do mestrado de engenharia civil, do Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa. Para realização deste relatório, realizei um estágio com o período de quatro meses, na Mota-Engil, Engenharia e Construção, SA, onde estive integrado na obra de construção do sublanço da estrada denominada “EN238 – Sertã/ Oleiros” integrado na subconcessão do Pinhal Interior (Lote 10). A obra localiza-se na província da Beira Baixa, no distrito de Castelo Branco e abrange os concelhos de Sertã e Oleiros. Neste trabalho desenvolveram-se essencialmente duas vertentes da área da Engenharia: “Coordenação” e “Construção”.

New ionic liquids and salts derived from β-Lactam antibiotics

In recent years ionic liquids (ILs) have been increasing the popularity and the number of applications. Ionic liquids were used mainly as solvent in organic synthesis, but in recent years they are also used in analytical chemistry, separation chemistry and material science. Additional to significant developments in their chemical properties and applications, ionic liquids are now bringing unexpected opportunities at the interface of chemistry with the life sciences. Ionic liquids (ILs) are currently defined as salts that are composed solely of cations and anions which melt below 100ºC. Our goal in this work is to explore the dual activity of the ionic liquids, due to the presence of two different ions, an anion with bacterial activity as β-lactam antibiotics and different kinds of cations. In this work the anions of ILs and salts were derived from three different antibiotics: ampicillin, penicillin and amoxicillin. The cations were derived from substituted ammonium, phosphonium pyridinium and methylimidazolium salts, such as: tetraethyl ammonium, trihexiltetradecilphosphonium, cetylpyridinium, choline (an essential nutrient), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium, and 1-ethanol-3-methyl imidazolium structures. Commercial ammonium and phosponium halogen salts were first transformed into hydroxides on ionic exchange column (Amberlite IRA-400) in methanol. The prepared hydroxides were then neutralized with β-lactam antibiotics. After crystallization we obtained pure ILs and salts containing β-lactam antibiotics. This work presents a novel method for preparation of new salts of antibiotics with low melting point and their chemistry and microbiological characterization.

Development of novel ionic liquids based on valproate anion

Valproic acid (2-propyl pentanoic acid) is a pharmaceutical drug used for treatment of epileptic seizures absence, tonic-clonic (grand mal), complex partial seizures, and mania in bipolar disorder [1]. Valproic acid is a slightly soluble in water and therefore as active pharmaceutical ingredient it is most commonly applied in form of sodium or magnesium valproate salt [1].However the list of adverse effects of these compounds is large and includes among others: tiredness, tremor, sedation and gastrointestinal disturbances [2]. Ionic liquids (ILs) are promising compounds as Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs)[3]. In this context, the combinations of the valproate anion with appropriate cation when ILs and salts are formed can significantly alter valproate physical, chemical and thermal properties.[4] This methodology can be used for drug modification (alteration of drug solubility in water, lipids, bioavailability, etc)[2] and therefore can eliminate some adverse effect of the drugs related to drug toxicity due for example to its solubility in water and lipids (interaction with intestines). Herein, we will discuss the development of ILs based on valproate anion (Figure 1) prepared according a recent optimized and sustainable acid-base neutralization method [4]. The organic cations such as cetylpyridinium, choline and imidazolium structures were selected based on their biocompatibility and recent applications in pharmacy [3]. All novel API-ILs based on valproate have been studied in terms of their physical, chemical (viscosity, density, solubility) and thermal (calorimetric studies) properties as well as their biological activity.

Synthesis, characterization and antiproliferative activity on cancer cell lines of new ionic liquids from ampicillin

Ionic Liquids (ILs) are ionic compounds that possess melting temperature below 100ºC and they have been a topic of great interest since the mid-1990s due to their unique properties. The range of IL uses has been broadened, due to a significant increase in the variety of physical, chemical and biological ILs properties. They are now used as Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) and recent interests are focused on their application as innovative solutions in new medical treatment and delivery options.1 In this work, our principal objective was the synthesis and investigation of physicochemical and medical properties of ionic liquids (ILs) and organic salts from ampicillin. This approach is of huge interest in pharmaceutical industry as cation and anion composition of ILs and organic salts can greatly alter their desired properties, namely the melting temperature and even synergistic effects can be obtained.2,3 For the synthesis of these compounds we used a recently developed method proposed by Ohno et al.4 for the preparation of quaternary ammonium and phosphonium hydroxides, that were neutralized by ampicillin. After purification we obtained pure ILs and salts in good yields. These ILs shows good antimicrobial and antifungal activities. As it is well known that some ionic liquids containing phosphonium and ammonium cation also shows anti-cancer activity1,5 we also decided to study these compounds against some cancer cell lines.