How Social is European Integration? Bruges European Economic Policy (BEEP) Briefing 18/2007

The social dimension of the internal market or of the EU more generally has recently been under quite fundamental attack. Calls for 'Europe' to be 'more social' have been heard repeatedly. Witness the polarized debates about the services directive, the anxieties concerning several ECJ cases about what limitations of the free movement of workers (posted or not) are justified or the assertion of a 'neo-liberal agenda' in Brussels disregarding or eroding the social dimension. This BEEP Briefing paper takes an analytical approach to these issues and to the possible 'framing' involved. Such an analysis reveals a very different picture than the negative framing in such debates has it: there is nothing particular 'a-social' about the internal market or the EU at large. This overall conclusion is reached following five steps. First, several 'preliminaries' of the social dimension have to be kept in mind (including the two-tier regulatory & expenditure structure of what is too loosely called 'social Europe' ) and this is only too rarely done or at best in partial, hence misleading, ways. Second, the social acquis at EU and Member States' levels is spelled out, broken down into four aspects (social spending; labour market regulation; industrial relations; free movements & establishment). Assessing the EU acquis in the light of the two levels of powers shows clearly that it is the combination of the two levels which matters. Member States and e.g. labour unions do not want the EU level to become deeply involved ( with some exceptions) and the actual impact of free movement and establishment is throttled by far-reaching host-country control and the requirement of a 'high level of social protection' in the treaty. Third, six anxieties about the social dimension of the internal market are discussed and few arguments are found which are attributable to the EU or its weakening social dimension. Fourth, another six anxieties are discussed emerging from the socio-economic context of the social dimension of the EU at large. The analysis demonstrates that, even if these anxieties ought to be taken serious, the EU is hardly or not the culprit. Fifth, all this is complemented by a number of other facts or arguments strengthening the case that the EU social dimension is fine.

The Monetary Policy of the European Central Bank (2002-2015). CEPS Special Report No. 109/May 2015

This paper examines the policies pursued by the European Central Bank (ECB) since the inception of the euro. The ECB was originally set up to pursue price stability, with an eye also to economic growth and financial stability as subsidiary goals, once the primary goal was secured. The application of a single monetary policy to a diverse economic area has entailed a pronounced pro-cyclicality in its real economic effects on the eurozone periphery. Later, monetary policy became the main policy instrument to tackle financial instability elicited by the failure of Lehman Brothers and the sovereign debt crisis in the eurozone. In the process, the ECB emerged as the lender of last resort in the sovereign debt markets of participating countries. Persistent economic depression and deflation eventually brought the ECB into the uncharted waters of unconventional policies. That the ECB could legally perform all of these tasks bears witness to the flexibility of the TFEU and its Statute, but its tools and operating procedures were stretched to their limit. In the end, the place of the ECB amongst EU policy-making institutions has been greatly enhanced, but has entailed repeated intrusions into the broader domain of economic policies – not least because of its market intervention policies – whose consequences have yet to be ascertained.

The Monetary Policy of the European Central Bank (2002-2015). Bruges European Economic Policy Briefings (BEEP) 35/2015.

This paper examines the policies pursued by the European Central Bank (ECB) since the inception of the euro. The ECB was originally set up to pursue price stability, with an eye also to economic growth and financial stability as subsidiary goals, once the primary goal was secured. The application of a single monetary policy to a diverse economic area has entailed a pronounced pro-cyclicality in its real economic effects on the eurozone periphery. Later, monetary policy became the main policy instrument to tackle financial instability elicited by the failure of Lehman Brothers and the sovereign debt crisis in the eurozone. In the process, the ECB emerged as the lender of last resort in the sovereign debt markets of participating countries. Persistent economic depression and deflation eventually brought the ECB into the uncharted waters of unconventional policies. That the ECB could legally perform all of these tasks bears witness to the flexibility of the TFEU and its Statute, but its tools and operating procedures were stretched to their limit. In the end, the place of the ECB amongst EU policy-making institutions has been greatly enhanced, but has entailed repeated intrusions into the broader domain of economic policies – not least because of its market intervention policies – whose consequences have yet to be ascertained.

Doenças neurológicas

As convulsões são o problema neurológico mais comum nos animais de companhia. Convulsão é o quadro clínico gerado por descargas elétricas paroxísticas, descontroladas e transitórias nos neurónios do encéfalo, levando a alterações da consciência, atividade motora, funções viscerais, perceção sensorial, conduta e memória. A anamnese é muito importante para o diagnóstico, pois é o proprietário quem na maioria das vezes presencia o evento e, os dados obtidos podem auxiliar no plano de diagnóstico e terapêutico. É importante reconhecer, no entanto, que esta informação é coadjuvante ao exame neurológico. As convulsões podem ter causas extracranianas (ex: metabólicas e toxicas), intracranianas (ex: traumatismos, enfermidades infeciosas, malformações congénitas) e idiopáticas (epilepsia idiopática). É fundamental tentar identificar a causa das convulsões através da realização do exame clínico e neurológico, com atenção especial aos sistemas cardio-circulatório, respiratório, digestivo e urinário. Devem ser realizados exames complementares adequados (hemograma, urianálise, enzimas hepáticas, ureia, creatinina, glicemia, sorologias, reação em cadeia de polimerase, radiografias torácicas, ultrassonografia, tomografia computorizada e ressonância magnética quando disponíveis). O objetivo do tratamento antiepilético é controlar as convulsões sem efeitos adversos, no entanto, o clínico apenas pode tentar reduzir a frequência e severidade das convulsões a um nível que não comprometa substancialmente a qualidade de vida do animal e dos proprietários, evitando efeitos secundários.

La relation entre le climat scolaire, le contexte scolaire et l'adoption des différents rôles lors d’une situation de violence scolaire

Le sujet de la présente étude est la violence scolaire, phénomène complexe et polysémique qui préoccupe légitimement le monde de l’éducation depuis plus de trente ans. À partir des analyses factorielles exploratoires, analyses de variance factorielle et finalement analyses multivariées de covariance, cette recherche vise plus précisément à dégager la relation entre le climat scolaire, le contexte scolaire et les différents rôles adoptés par les élèves du niveau secondaire lors d’une situation de violence scolaire. Les données de la présente étude ont été collectées par Michel Janosz et son équipe pendant l’année 2010, dans quatre établissements éducatifs provenant d’une commission scolaire de la grande région de Montréal. L’échantillon de départ est composé de 1750 élèves qui fréquentent des classes ordinaires et spéciales du premier et deuxième cycle du secondaire âgés entre 10 et 18 ans. Pour fins d’analyse, deux petites écoles ainsi que les classes spéciales ont été retirées. Il demeure donc 1551 élèves dans l’échantillon initial analysé. Les résultats des analyses permettent de constater d’une part, la relation significative existante entre les dimensions du climat scolaire et l’adoption des différents rôles lors d’une situation de violence scolaire, les climats d’appartenance et de sécurité étant les plus importants, et d’autre part d’observer des différences dans les perceptions que les élèves ont de la violence scolaire selon le niveau et selon l’école.

Salir de casa para volver a casa : lectura de la genética autoficcional de Alejandro Zambra (2006-2011)

Ce travail est une analyse exhaustive des romans publiés par l’écrivain chilien Alejandro Zambra entre 2006 et 2011. Compte tenu de son appartenance à la génération postdictatoriale, on va se concentrer sur la reconstruction autofictionnelle de l’enfance, et sur la façon dont elle reproduit, questionne et renverse le récit dictatorial dominant qui relègue les enfants sur le plan des personnages secondaires. Pour identifier le développement du discours, on va s’appuyer sur des outils critiques de la génétique littéraire dont le concept central « d’avant-texte » nous permet de faire une lecture rétrospective de Bonsái et de La vida privada de los árboles comme des précurseurs idéologiques de Formas de volver a casa. En raison de la centralité jouée par l’espace dans ces romans, on va consacrer une grande partie du travail à la représentation spatiale et la manière dont l’espace configure la position des personnages à l’intérieur du schème narratif. C’est dans cette relation que l’on identifie la dichotomie spatiale élaborée dans les œuvres, car l’espace et la vie privée sont reliés à l’inertie et la résignation dans l’univers textuel, tandis que l’action et le questionnement appartiennent au domaine de l’espace et la vie publics. Lus l’un après l’autre, les romans témoignent du parcours suivi de l’écrivain, qui assimile le récit dictatorial en évitant la confrontation narrative au début, pour, par la suite, approcher le passé, l’histoire familiale et la dictature, dans un processus autofictionnel qui projette les différentes voies du retour chez soi.

La solidarité du politique et du poétique chez H. Arendt

Hannah Arendt est surtout connue pour avoir écrit une magistrale enquête historique sur le totalitarisme (Les origines du totalitarisme) et pour avoir défendu une conception exigeante de la politique développée dans un langage réputé pour être très hellénisant. Cette façon de concevoir la politique repose principalement sur le concept d’action qu’Arendt travaille à redéfinir au sein d’un contexte historique et d’une tradition qui témoignent, selon elle, d’un « oubli de l’action ». Ce qu’Arendt reproche au premier chef à la tradition de la philosophie politique est d’avoir confondu, dès ses premiers balbutiements, le faire et l’agir, interprétant ce dernier à l’aune de la fabrication (poiesis) et recouvrant du même souffle la spécificité de l’action (praxis). Sa propre théorie politique travaille ainsi à repenser l’action pour elle-même et à en faire de nouveau le centre de la vie politique. C’est donc notamment en se référant aux expériences politiques pré-philosophiques athéniennes qu’Arendt parvient à illustrer les potentialités que recèle l’action comprise comme spontanéité dévoilante. Or, il nous apparaît que ses efforts achoppent finalement sur le contexte moderne et que ce fait n’échappe probablement pas à Arendt elle-même. L’impasse suscitée par la modernité est ainsi à nos yeux l’occasion de mettre au jour un versant plus proprement poétique de l’œuvre d’Arendt, se dessinant en filigrane de sa théorie politique et qui n’est que très peu abordé au sein de la littérature secondaire francophone. Pour ce faire, nous proposons dans un premier temps d’interroger les efforts d’Arendt pour valoriser l’action politique afin de faire ressortir les ressources de ce concept. Dans un second temps, nous confrontons le concept d’action au contexte moderne tel que le conçoit Arendt pour montrer qu’il existe dans ses écrits un modèle alternatif de rapport au monde et à autrui que celui mis en avant par l’action et que cet autre modèle doit énormément au poétique.

Brief narrative of events touching various reforms /

Last page blank.

Autobiography of Mary Antoinette Doolittle prior to becoming a member of the Shaker community at New Lebanon, N.Y., in the year 1824.

Cf. MacLean, J.P. Shaker lit., 214.

Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and related agencies appropriations for 2012 : hearings before a subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, first session /

Shipping list no.: 2011-0418-P (pt. 1), 2011-0423-P (pt. 2A), 2011-0426-P (pt. 2B), 2011-0439-P (pt. 3), 2011-0432-P (pt. 4), 2012-0085-P (pt. 5), 2012-0221-P (pt. 6), 2012-0256-P (pt. 7).

Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and related agencies appropriations for 2013 : hearings before a subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, second session /

Shipping list no. 2012-0243-P (pt. 1, 4), 2012-0266-P (pt. 2A), 2012-0267-P (pt. 2B), 2012-0250-P (pt. 3), 2013-0038 (pt. 5), 2013-0040-P (pt. 6), 2012-0298-P (pt. 7).

Pieces that have won prizes; also many encore pieces.

Encore pieces: An old man's soliloquy / Roswell Field -- A n old sweetheart of mine / James Whitcomb Riley -- And the band played / Maurice E. McLaoughlin -- The ballad of the colors ; Ben Bolt / Thomas Dunn English -- A brave little girl ; Casey at the bat / Anon -- The cataract of Lodore / Robert Southey -- The countersign was Mary / Margaret Eytinge -- Dinnis Kilboo's sanatarium / Chas. T. Catlin -- A dude in a horse-car / G.W. Kyle -- Elsinore / Lucy H. Hooper -- Entertaining sister's beau / Bret Harte -- Family financiering ; Farmer John ; Father's voice ; A fly's cogitations / Anon -- Foreign views of the statue / Fred. Emerson Brooks -- Going to school / Anon -- Grandma -- The granger and the gambler / W.H. -- A great tune / John Habberton -- Hail fellow, well met / Albert Hardy -- Hans and Fritz -- How girls study / Belle McDonald -- Jack the evangelist / N.Y. Evangelist -- The kitchen clock / J.V. Cheney -- Life's magnet / Ella Wheeler Wilcox -- The little boy's prayer / S.M. Talbot -- Little Nan -- Little orphant Annie / James Whitcomb Riley -- A little woman / Eugene Field -- Maud Rosihue's choice / T. Edwin Leary -- The mischievous misses / James G. Small -- Miss Maloney on the Chinese question / Mary M. Dodge -- Mrs. Stuart learns how to skate / Clara Augusta -- My lover / Emma Mortimer White -- My garden / Anon -- Nancy / Arty Brace -- Now and then / Anon -- O captain, my captain / Walt Whitman -- The old man in a palace car / John H. Yates -- The orthod-ox team / Fred Emerson Brooks -- The porter's story / Maurice Edmunds -- The proposal -- Romeo and Juliet / The Poet-Scout -- Room enough for all / Anon -- The saint and the sinner / Madeline Bridges -- Sam / Albert Hardy -- A schoolroom idyl / Charles B. Going -- A telephone message -- The countersign / J. Hooker Hamersley -- Uncle Ned's defense / Anon -- Unforgiven / Frank McHale -- The valentine / Mary D. Brine -- Wash dolly up like that / Eleanor Kirk Ames -- What is a gentleman / N.L. O'D -- The witness / Anon -- Yellow roses / J. Hooker Hamersley.

On the gospel by St. John.

Reprinted from "The Christian witness."

Christian nation : "righteousness exalteth a nation".

"'Our Banner' was merged in the 'Christian Nation' in June, 1894, 'Reformed Pres. Standard' merged in the 'Christian Nation' April 1, 1909, The 'Christian Nation' made an international weekly Oct. 4, 1911." (Vol. 56, No. 1426, January 17, 1912)

Soldier poets : songs of the fighting men.

"First edition, September 1916 ... Reprinted August 1917."