La ense??anza de espa??ol en Estados Unidos dentro del Modelo de Inmersi??n Dual G??mez y G??mez

Resumen basado en el de la publicaci??n

Applicability of dual-route reading models to Spanish

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

Biblioteca dual : de biblioteca escolar a biblioteca pública

Este trabalho de investigação assenta num estudo comparativo da realidade das Bibliotecas Escolares e das Bibliotecas Públicas, procurando quer os pontos de contacto, quer as divergências entre ambas. No âmbito da nova filosofia de edificação das bibliotecas construídas pela empresa pública Parque Escolar, EPE, prevê-se a implantação das mesmas junto à entrada das escolas, de forma a servir não só a população escolar, sua principal razão de ser, mas também facilitar a abertura à comunidade. Tendo em conta este duplo papel das bibliotecas, foram analisadas as implicações ao nível da Selecção, do Tratamento e da Difusão da Informação nas mesmas, bem como as políticas de funcionamento e os recursos humanos que a situação exige. O estudo desta nova realidade faz-se a partir da análise dos dois casos concretos de Bibliotecas Escolares duais, em funcionamento efectivo, em Portugal. Complementarmente, são também objecto de análise as directrizes nacionais e internacionais que sustentam o funcionamento das Bibliotecas Escolares e das Bibliotecas Públicas, procedendo-se ainda à investigação da existência deste tipo de realidade a nível internacional, como ponto de partida para comparativamente analisar a situação portuguesa, face à realidade internacional. A identificação de pontos fortes e de pontos fracos a nível nacional e internacional, permite perceber as implicações que esta política organizacional pressupõe, quer para os seus utilizadores, quer para os professores bibliotecários, quer para o eficaz funcionamento destas bibliotecas, que procuram cumprir um duplo papel de Biblioteca Escolar e de Biblioteca Pública.

Sensitivity and specificity of tympanometric gradient and middle ear resonance in young children and infants

This paper discusses the use of tympanometric gradient, middle ear resonance and static admittance as diagnostic tools for testing the hearing of children and infants.

Dual citizenship or dual identity? Does 'transnationalism' supplant 'nationalism' among returning Trinidadians?

In this article we focus on the dual identities of relatively young Trinidadians who have decided to return to the island of their birth, or of their parents, while still in their thirties and forties. Highly-educated professional transnational migrants mostly make tip our sample of 36; 26 possess dual citizenship. We focus on our informants' narratives about their transnational experiences, self-appraisals of their dual identities and how they value dual citizenship. More generally, we ask does transnationalism supplant nationalism among our returning informants? Unsurprisingly, the diverse responses we document do not support the commonly held explanatory relationship between return adaptations, 'national belonging' and the expected dominance of 'transnational belonging'. Family, relations intervene significantly, both to encourage transnationalism and to strengthen nationalism. Feelings of notional belonging often accompany transnationalism. Notably, we view dual citizenship strategically and pragmatically as advantageous to the continuation of transnational practices.

Assessing the sources and magnitude of diurnal nitrate variability in the San Joaquin River (California) with an in-situ optical nitrate sensor and dual nitrate isotopes

We investigated diurnal nitrate (NO3-) concentration variability in the San Joaquin River using an in situ optical NO3- sensor and discrete sampling during a 5-day summer period characterized by high algal productivity. Dual NO3- isotopes (delta N-15(NO3) and delta O-18(NO3)) and dissolved oxygen isotopes (delta O-18(DO)) were measured over 2 days to assess NO3- sources and biogeochemical controls over diurnal time-scales. Concerted temporal patterns of dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations and delta O-18(DO) were consistent with photosynthesis, respiration and atmospheric O-2 exchange, providing evidence of diurnal biological processes independent of river discharge. Surface water NO3- concentrations varied by up to 22% over a single diurnal cycle and up to 31% over the 5-day study, but did not reveal concerted diurnal patterns at a frequency comparable to DO concentrations. The decoupling of delta N-15(NO3) and delta O-18(NO3) isotopes suggests that algal assimilation and denitrification are not major processes controlling diurnal NO3- variability in the San Joaquin River during the study. The lack of a clear explanation for NO3- variability likely reflects a combination of riverine biological processes and time-varying physical transport of NO3- from upstream agricultural drains to the mainstem San Joaquin River. The application of an in situ optical NO3- sensor along with discrete samples provides a view into the fine temporal structure of hydrochemical data and may allow for greater accuracy in pollution assessment.