Influencia de la concentración de polielectrolito en el binding específico y electrostático de iones

Màster Experimental en Química: Química Física

An investigation on the effects of Ag addition in the powder — in tube processing of long multifilamentary (Bi,Pb) - 2223/Ag superconducting tapes

It is important that long superconducting tape must have desired strain tolerance (less reduction of Jc with applied strains) and stress tolerance (less reduction of JC in applied stresses) for its use as coils and magnets. Ag addition to the BPSCCO system has many advantages with its physical and chemical inertness to the system, reduces the processing temperature, and promotes the grain growth, grain alignment and connectivity. All these not only enhance the critical current density of the tapes but also improve the mechanical properties. But the published results show very much scattering on the type of Ag additive to be selected, method of addition and its optimum percentage. Also there are some negative reports in this regard. The present work has been undertaken to study the effect of silver addition in different forms (Ag powder, Ag2O, AgNO3) on the superconducting and mechanical properties of (Bi,Pb)-2223/Ag tapes and to find out a suitable form of Ag additive and its optimum percentage to have better superconducting and mechanical properties. Also it is the aim of the present work is to optimise the process parameters needed to prepare (Bi,Pb)-2223/Ag multifilamentary tapes of length ~ 12 m in solenoid and pancake coil forms with good critical current density and homogeneity of J C along the length of the tapes.

Topological magnetic irreversibility in superconducting Pb samples of various shapes

The magnetic-field dependence of the magnetization of cylinders, disks, and spheres of pure type-I superconducting lead was investigated by means of isothermal measurements of first magnetization curves and hysteresis cycles. Depending on the geometry of the sample and the direction and intensity of the applied magnetic field, the intermediate state exhibits different irreversible features that become particularly highlighted in minor hysteresis cycles. The irreversibility is noticeably observed in cylinders and disks only when the magnetic field is parallel to the axis of revolution and is very subtle in spheres. When the magnetic field decreases from the normal state, the irreversibility appears at a temperature-dependent value whose distance to the thermodynamic critical field depends on the sample geometry. The irreversible features in the disks are altered when they are submitted to an annealing process. These results agree well with very recent high-resolution magneto-optical experiments in similar materials that were interpreted in terms of transitions between different topological structures for the flux configuration in the intermediate state. A discussion of the relative role of geometrical barriers for flux entry and exit and pinning effects as responsible for the magnetic irreversibility is given.

Development and parametric studies of pulsed nitrogen and d-switched nd:glass lasers and some of their applications

Laser engineering is an area in which developments in the existing design concepts and technology appear at an alarming rate. Now—a-days, emphasis has shifted from innovation to cost reduction and system improvement. To a major extent, these studies are aimed at attaining larger power densities, higher system efficiency and identification of new lasing media and new lasing wavelengths. Todate researchers have put to use all the ditferent Forms of matter as lasing material. Laser action was observed For the first time in a gaseous system - the He-Ne system. This was Followed by a variety of solidstate and gas laser systems. Uarious organic dyes dissolved in suitable solvents were found to lase when pumped optically. Broad band emission characteristics of these dye molecules made wavelength tuning possible using optical devices. Laser action was also observed in certain p-n junctions of semiconductor materials and some of these systems are also tunable. The recent addition to this list was the observation of laser action from certain laser produced plasmas. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the design and Fabrication techniques of pulsed Nitrogen lasers and high power Nd: Glass laserso Attempt was also made to put the systems developed into certain related experiments

Studies On Preparation And Characterization Of Hts Current Leads Using Multifilamentary Ag And Ag-Alloy Sheathed (Bi,Pb)-2223 Superconducting Tapes

The application vistas of superconductors have widened very much since the discovery of high TC superconductors (HTS) as many of the applications can be realised at 77 K rather than going down to 4.2 K, the liquid He temperature. One such application is the HTS current lead which is used to connect a superconducting system with a room temperature power source. Minimising heat leak to the cryogenic environment is the main advantage of introducing current leads into superconducting systems. The properties of HTSS likes zero resistance (avoiding joule heating) and very low thermal conductivity (minimized conductive heat transfer) make them ideal candidates to be used as current leads. There are two forms of HTS current leads. (i) bulk form (tube or rod) prepared either from YBCO or BSCCO and (ii) tape form prepared from Bi-2223 multifilamentary tapes. The tape form of current leads has many advantages with respect to the mechanical and thermal stability related criteria. Crucial information on various aspects of HTS current lead development are not available in the literature as those are kept proprietary by various companies around the world. The present work has been undertaken to tailor the properties of multifilamentary tapes for the current lead application and to optimise the processing parameters of the same for enhanced critical current density and field tolerance. Also it is the aim of the present investigation is to prepare prototype current leads engineered for operation in conduction cooled mode and test them for operational stability

Nd:Glass Laser-Induced Damage To Thin Films, Two-Photon Excited Fluorescence And Plasma Studies

Laser-induced damage is the principal limiting constraint in the design and operation of high-power laser systems used in fusion and other high-energy laser applications. Therefore, an understanding of the mechanisms which cause the radiation damage to the components employed in building a laser and a knowledge of the damage threshold of these materials are of great importance in designing a laser system and to operate it without appreciable degradation in performance. This thesis, even though covers three distinct problems for investigations using a dye Q-switched multimode Nd:glass laser operating at 1062 nm and emitting 25 ns (FWHM) pulses, lays its main thrust on damage threshold studies on thin films. Using the same glass laser two-photon excited fluorescence in rhodamine 6G and generation and characterisation of a carbon plasma have also been carried out.

Relativistic many-electron SCF correlation diagram for superheavy quasimolecules: Pb - Pb

We present the first relativistic many-electron SCF correlation diagram for a superheavy quasimolecule: Pb - Pb. The discussion shows a large number of quantitative as well as qualitative differences as compared with the known one-electron correlation diagram.

Estudi de nusos rígids prefabricats de formigó

Una de les principals limitacions de les edificacions industrialitzades resoltes amb prefabricat de formigó, és que els nusos que defineixen les interseccions dels seus elements són articulacions, provocant diferències importants del model estructural d’una obra resolta “in situ” on els nusos poden ser considerats encastaments elàstics. Aquest projecte proposa fer un pas més en aquesta limitació exposada i plantejar sistemes de nusos rígids, resolts amb el propi prefabricat que permetin variar el model de nusos articulats a rígids. Això augmentarà el grau d’hiperestaticitat de l’estructura, redistribuint els esforços en els seus elements, disminuint les deformacions i les longituds de vinclament dels pilars. L’objecte del treball és definir la millora que aporta la utilització de nusos rígids en el càlcul estructural, basada en una disminució de sol·licitacions al llarg del pilar, possibilitat de reducció de secció de pilars, reducció de l’armadura necessària en pilars i jàsseres, i finalment, un estalvi econòmic. Partirem d’un edifici d’habitatges d’ús residencial PB+3 de planta rectangular de 24·11 m i de 13,5 m d’altura. Aquesta tipologia d’edifici serà el punt de partida per al plantejament, sobre d’aquesta base, de 3 models estructurals diferents, amb la intenció de satisfer de forma raonada i minuciosa 3 plantejaments estàticament diferents

Factores asociados a recuperación visual deficiente después de cirugía exitosa para desprendimiento de retina regmatógeno

Introducción: Varias características pueden afectar el pronóstico visual después de resolver quirúrgicamente el desprendimiento de retina. Existen características no observables por el ojo humano por si solo pero si por tomografía óptica coherente que se relacionan con la recuperación visual. Objetivo: Describir las características clínicas y topográfica en los periodos pre y postquirúrgico de ojos que ha sufrido DR regmatógeno con compromiso macular y su relación con la calidad de recuperación visual después de una cirugía considerada exitosa desde el punto de vista anatómico. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo en el que se comparan algunas características en tres periodos perioeperatorios, uno antes y dos después de cirugía (3 y 6 meses) de 24 ojos con DRregmatógeno y compromiso macular intervenidos mediante retinopexia combinada con vitrectomía pars plana. Resultados: La recuperación visual mejor o igual que logMAR 0,397 (20/50) se dió en 41,7% de ojos y 16,7%. alcanzaron agudeza visual logMAR 0,301 (20/40). Cinco ojos no alcanzaron una ganancia de líneas de visión mayor a cinco. El líquido submacular ausente se observó en la mayoría de ojos que recuperaron más de cinco líneas al igual que aquellos con elipsoide conservado. La regularidad del neuroepitelio y el edema en el periodo posquirúrgico no mostraron comportamientos claros respecto a recuperación visual al igual que la altura del desprendimiento y el número de cuadrantes afectados. Una mejor recuperación visual fue más frecuente en aquellos con menos de cinco semanas de desprendimiento de retina. Conclusiones: El retraso menor a cinco semanas en la resolución del desprendimiento de retina, la conservación del elipsoide y la ausencia de líquido submacular en el periodo postquirúrgico se observó más frecuentemente en ojos con mejor recuperación visual.

Isótopos radiactivos.

Se inicia con una pequeña reseña histórica sobre el descubrimiento de la radioactividad. Se analiza su naturaleza, y características de los tres tipos de radiaciones. Continúa con las propiedades de los isótopos y de los isótopos radioactivos. Radioactividad artificial. Aplicaciones de los radioisótopos. Peligros que implica el uso de los radioisótopos Medidas de protección y concluye con una breve reseña sobre los radioisótopos en el momento actual.

Impacto de la formaci??n del profesorado universitario : aspectos metodol??gicos y propuesta para futuras investigaciones

Resumen basado en el de la publicaci??n

Development paths of university teachers during a pedagogical development course

Resumen basado en el de la publicaci??n

Política pública e educação em Princesa Isabel/pb : tensão dos opostos entre 2000-2008

Esta pesquisa analisa as políticas públicas para a educação básica no município de Princesa Isabel/PB e tem como objeto de investigação a análise das políticas implementadas no período de 2000 a 2008, cujo tema central se refere à tensão dialética entre gestores e professores no fenômeno da educação político-prática municipal. A pesquisa em seu contexto evoca uma leitura reflexiva das matizes que integram a construção do processo educacional, partindo-se da concepção de Estado, de sociedade e de política como direito público subjetivo garantido pela Constituição Federal de 1988, até a identificação das ações políticas efetivamente implementadas pelo município no recorte temporal citado. O problema constitutivo emerge na seguinte forma expressiva: a política pública e a educação em Princesa Isabel formaram uma unidade dual do processo educativo entre 2000-2008? Tendo em vista ter sido dado prioridade à construção e implementação do eixo político-pedagógico, o método dialético aparece em todo o texto, mais explicitamente na dialética de leitura, quando se promove a leitura dos instrumentos de recolha de dados onde se faz uma análise criteriosa da tensão dialética constatada entre os opostos, pela mediação dos indicadores de leitura subordinados às categorias estudadas. O primeiro capítulo contextualiza as categorias política pública e educação dentro do espaço epistêmico da sociedade como atividade de conhecimento de poder estatal, a partir de um processo de tomadas de decisões que culmina na escolha das prioridades que vão definir os interesses públicos, de onde emergem os objetos material e formal da pesquisa. O segundo, mapeando o binômio política-educação em Princesa Isabel, identifica as práxis político-pedagógicas efetivamente implantadas no município à luz da leitura dos instrumentos de coleta de dados postos sob o ângulo da tensão histórico-dialética dos opostos em busca da síntese como práxis histórica da construção de um processo educacional democrático e libertador. O terceiro e último, constitui-se no eixo principal da pesquisa, cujos referenciais são extraídos por meio de uma análise criteriosa dos instrumentos utilizados no decorrer do trabalho, onde se trabalhou acerca da complexidade dualista existente entre política e educação e constatou-se que, em face da complexidade dialética verificada pela tensão dos opostos e das relações de influências recíprocas que uns exercem sobre os outros, as ações educativas devem ser trabalhadas de maneira tal que os atores envolvidos no processo mantenham uma estreita e correlata interação, onde o diálogo deve ser o fio condutor dessa construção. Os resultados evidenciam a confirmação do hipotético como tese de que a política pública e a educação em Princesa Isabel não realizaram a unidade político-pedagógica entre os anos 2000 a 2008.