Proof: otra vuelta de tuerca

En marzo de 2006 han coincidido en nuestras pantallas los estrenos de un largometraje y de una serie televisiva donde las Matemáticas tienen un papel estelar. Se trata de La verdad oculta (singular traducción del título original Proof) y de la serie Numb3rs. En ambos casos hay un alto nivel de producción, con directores y actores famosos, y con una puesta en escena y un montaje cuidados; pero divergen en su enfoque de las matemáticas en relación con el bienestar humano.

Cómo jugársela a la incertidumbre

Si tienes que elegir entre dos alternativas, sin saber cuál es la más favorable, no pierdes nada por tomar la decisión lanzando una moneda al aire. ¿Es así? No, hay métodos mejores.

El irresistible encanto de la artesanía

La convincente fuerza de las imágenes y su belleza artesanal son habitual y lamentablemente desaprovechadas en las aulas. Las pruebas visuales no demuestran -eso dice el rigor puritano- pero asientan cimientos, aportan elegancia plástica y ayudan a la motivación. Desde primaria hasta la universidad, la enseñanza de las matemáticas está planificada bajo un obsesivo punto de vista que prima lo general sobre lo particular. Sin embargo, una didáctica humanista, que permita al alumnado construir y diseñar, sólo es posible desde un buen conocimiento de las propiedades individuales de los objetos matemáticos.

En el entorno del teorema Kou-Ku (I)

La nueva dirección de SUMA nos pregunta qué línea va a seguir “Desde la Historia”. Las líneas se hacen andando, que diría Machado, y esta respuesta es no sólo cierta en general sino obligada en nuestro caso para esta sección de la revista. No somos especialistas en historia de las matemáticas, sólo simples aficionados, y ello nos impide concretar mucho los contenidos. Sí somos especialistas otra cosa es que seamos buenos especialistas en animar tertulias sobre matemáticas para adolescentes y ello será, junto con lo que leamos y especulemos, la fuente de nuestra aportación a “Desde la Historia”. Desde nuestro profundo convencimiento de que el quehacer didáctico es un arte más que una ciencia –y aquí nos resulta obligado el recuerdo de Paco Hernán-, y por tanto improgramable, nos dejaremos llevar también aquí de la intuición de cada momento: fiaremos a la motivación contenidos y digresiones, apasionamientos, descaros y concurrencias. Lo que escribamos estará seguramente muy relacionado con las conexiones que nuestras clases nos motiven, de manera que lo más probable es que haya en los artículos una fuerte interdisciplinariedad, una mezcla de intereses personales sobre historia y de reflexiones sobre didáctica. En cualquier caso intentaremos responder a la renovada confianza que SUMA nos ha mostrado y que sinceramente agradecemos. Por supuesto, nuestra dirección de correo está disponible para cualquier sugerencia, aportación o crítica que los lectores y lectoras de SUMA queráis hacer.

Una visión de las matemáticas

En este trabajo se presenta una visión particular de las matemáticas, por ejemplo ruta matemática como recurso didáctico para utilizar con los estudiantes. Esta visión no sólo se refiere observación, Sino también e interpretación, aplicación y conexión de lo que se ve. Finalmente se exponen algunas sugerencias acerca de su aplicación en las aulas.

2000, año mundial de las matemáticas: una experiencia práctica

Con motivo de la declaración, por la UNESCO, del año 2000 como año mundial de las matemáticas, decidimos en nuestro centro, el IES n.° 3 de San Javier en Murcia, organizar una Semana de las Matemáticas, con la programación de diferentes actividades como actividades interdisciplinares, I Encuentros Matemáticos, Obra de teatro, exposiciones y conferencias.

Proceso de elaboración de actividades geométricas ricas: un ejemplo, las rotaciones

En este articulo presentamos el problema de reflexión de un grupo de trabajo en el que profesores de secundaria e investigadores en educación matemática hemos desarrollado y experimentado una secuencia de actividades ricas en el ámbito de las geometrías de rotaciones. Junto con el concepto de desarrollo de actividad rica presentamos la revisión de algunas contribuciones procedentes de la investigación y analizamos los resultados fruto de su experimentación.

La calculadora en la enseñanza de la matemática

La calculadora electrónica es un excelente recurso didáctico que hace mucho más que las operaciones básicas. Usarla como “calculadora” nada más sería desperdiciar una oportunidad de hacer la matemática más atractiva para muchos estudiantes. Con ella es posible por ejemplo, experimentar con patrones numéricos, explorar relaciones funcionales, desarrollar conceptos y resolver problemas con datos reales.

Scientifi c discourses on chronic pain without organic cause Incorporating gender perspective for pain resignifyng-repoliticizing

Chronic pain, without any organic or physical cause (DC), which in psycho-medical terminology is known as fi bromyalgia, (FM), is diagnosed each year to a considerable number of women in capitalistic societies. Our main interest in the following paper is to go in depth in the elaboration of this symptom, its treatment and the psychosocial effects, both in the social order as well as in the lives of the people who suffer from it. Our main goal in the following paper is to look deeper in the elaboration (conceptualization) of this symptom, its treatment and psychological affects, both in the social order as well as in the lives of the people who suffer from it, we are using linked speeches in Spanish magazines publications. The result has been the emergence of three hegemonic discourse positions: One position “scientist”, one “therapeutic of the conformity” position and one “economic and legalistic” position. Each of these has a specifi c feature, but on the whole, is enhanced, producing effects such as the absence of social context to explain the disease; disregard of gender differences in the management and treatment; the instrumentalization of pain to legitimize their practices and the subjection of women to the “psycho-biomedical” paradigm. In that way, a new signifi cance and politicization of the concept of pain is proposed.

La incidencia de los valores culturales en el voluntariado: el caso de Europa

La realidad del voluntariado es sumamente compleja hasta el punto de que resulta complicado definir y caracterizar el trabajo voluntario, dada la gran variedad de interpretaciones, motivaciones, variables sociodemográficas y aspectos culturales que configuran el perfil de los voluntarios. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la influencia conjunta de algunas variables sociodemográficas, así como de los valores culturales de índole secular o tradicional, sobre el perfil de los voluntarios en Europa. Además, se investiga qué variables orientan a los voluntarios hacia un determinado tipo de voluntariado u otro. Para ello se ha aplicado principalmente una metodología de regresión logística a partir de la información disponible en la European Value Study. Los resultados obtenidos ayudan a establecer una caracterización del voluntariado en Europa, y confirman la influencia de los valores culturales, en primer lugar, en la realización o no de trabajos de voluntariado, y en segundo lugar, en la elección que hacen estas personas del tipo de actividad con la que están comprometidos. Al analizar dos tipos de voluntariado de motivación supuestamente muy diferente, se concluye que existe un grupo de valores que influyen en ambos, aunque el sentido y la intensidad en la que lo hacen sea diferente; por otra parte, algunos valores tienen influencia o no en la realización de trabajos de voluntariado, dependiendo del tipo específico al que nos refiramos.

Cooperativism, entrepreneurship and economic development: a linking theoretical model

Cooperatives, as a kind of firms, are considered by many scholars as an remarkable alternative for overcoming the economic crisis started in 2008. Besides, there are other scholars which pointed out the important role that these firms play in the regional economic development. Nevertheless, when one examines the economic literature on cooperatives, it is detected that this kind of firms is mainly studied starting from the point of view of their own characteristics and particularities of participation and solidarity. In this sense, following a different analysis framework, this article proposes a theoretical model in order to explain the behavior of cooperatives based on the entrepreneurship theory with the aim of increasing the knowledge about this kind of firms and, more specifically, their contribution to regional economic development.

the social economy as an alternative of self employment. profile of the entrepreneur in the andalusian labour companies

This paper provides a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the profile of the entrepreneur who decides to start business through a labor society in the context of the Autonomous Community of Andalucia. Thus, first the Social Economy is presented as an important alternative to creating and promoting employment, which seeks to combine economic and social objectives in the development of activities. Subsequently, focusing on labor companies, updated its importance in the regional economy for later data and through the analysis of two samples are available, set the attributes or most significant characteristics of these entrepreneurs.

Impact of the intrinsic motivation on the academic performance through voluntary assignments: An empirical analysis

The students academic performance is a key aspect for all agents involved in a higher education quality program. However, there is no unanimity on how to measure it. Some professionals choose assessing only cognitive aspects while others lean towards assessing the acquisition of certain skills. The need to train increasingly adapted professionals in order to respond to the companies’ demands and being able to compete internationally in a global labour market requires a kind of training that goes beyond memorizing. Critical and logical thinking are amongst written language skills demanded in the field of Social Sciences. The objective of this study is to empirically demonstrate the impact of voluntary assignments on the academic performance of students. Our hypothesis is that students who complete high quality voluntary assignments are those more motivated and, therefore, those with higher grades. An experiment with students from the "Financial Accounting II" during the academic year of 2012/13 at the Business and Economics School of the UCM was carried out. A series of voluntary assessments involving the preparation of accounting essays were proposed in order to develop skills and competencies as a complement to the lessons included in the curriculum of the subject. At the end of the course, the carrying-out or not of the essay together with its critical, reflective quality and style, were compared. Our findings show a relationship between the voluntarily presented papers of quality and the final grade obtained throughout the course. These results show that the students intrinsic motivation is a key element in their academic performance. On the other hand, the teachers role focuses on being a motivating element through the learning process.

Education in J.J. Rousseau: a methodological antecedent of competence based teaching

Taking into account the huge repercussion and influence that J.J. Rousseau has had on modern pedagogy, the recent tercentenary of his birth is a good opportunity to think about his outstanding relevance nowadays. This paper is a theoretical and educative research developed with an analytic and comparative hermeneutical method. The main objective is to show how some concepts of his philosophy of education have a great similarity with certain changes that the present competency based teaching is demanding, so it could be considered its methodological background. In order to achieve this objective this exposure has been divided in three parts. The first part is an analysis of Rousseau's educational theory as developed in the first three books of the Emilio, in which one of the main themes is self experience-based learning, fostering self-sufficiency, curiosity and the motivation for learning. Rousseau proposed as a method the negative education, which requires, among other conditions, a constant monitoring of the learner by the tutor. In the second part, a brief summary of the most relevant changes and characteristics of competency-based teaching is developed, as well as its purpose. The student’s participation and activity are highlighted within their own learning process through the carrying out of tasks. The new educational model involves a radical change in the curriculum, in which it is highlighted the transformation of the methodology used in the classroom as well as the role of the teacher. Finally, the aim of the third part is to offer a comparative synthesis of both proposals grouping the parallelisms found in 4 topics: origin of the two models, its aims, methodology, and change in the teaching roles.

Video games in the classrooms: implications of a disruptive innovation to develop the Multiple Intelligences

The present study aims to identify the framework of personal, organizational and technical variables that contribute to the viability and successful of innovative educational practices with video games within the school context to enhance the multiple intelligences. For this purpose, advantage was taken on the information previously collected through a questionnaire about the views, thoughts and experiences of a group of teachers of childhood and primary education (N=25) who voluntarily participated in a blended training activity from Center of Teachers (CEFIRE) of Valencia, around a community of practice aimed at promoting and advising projects for implementing educational video games in the classroom. The mixed methodology adopted has allowed the following: a) describe the relationship between their degree of development and daily use made of ICT in the classroom, their level of familiarity with video games,  their previous experience to integrate them for educational purposes..., and their participation in projects that focus on game-based learning; b) conduct content analysis of the opinions and thoughts expressed in a forum for teachers on innovation on and methodological strategies adopted reflected in a virtual board; and c) develop a SWOT analysis: Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats inherent in the implementation of experience with video games in the classroom. Among the conclusions, it is highlighted that, even though most did not have specific training or enough technological resources and the planning and implementation of innovation required them a great investment of time, their personal interest, the support given by members of the online community of practice, helped to encourage their activity, along with receptivity, positive attitude and high motivation of students with the experience. These aspects have been crucial to promote successful innovative practices with video games.