Ultrastructural Aspects of Female Aging Wistar Rat Epithelium Tongue: A HRSEM and TEM Study

Background: There is general consensus that the effects of intrinsic aging on the oral mucosa are relatively small, though potentially important to understanding the pathologies present in the aged animals. Objective: In this paper, the development of dorsal surface of rat tongue was examined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) in order to understand the age-related structural and ultrastructural changes experimentally. Methods: In this study, we used female rats 75 and 720 days old (adult and aging). Tissues of rat tongue were prepared and the specimens submitted to HRSEM and TEM techniques. Results: The analysis of HRSEM and TEM demonstrated that the same characteristic keratinous epithelium was found in aging animals, however with some modifications. Conclusion: We agree that there are obvious changes in the oral mucosa with aging and these modifications can be observed starting from the ultrastructural aspects. Copyright (C) 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel

Generation of Vortices and Observation of Quantum Turbulence in an Oscillating Bose-Einstein Condensate

We report on the experimental observation of vortex formation and production of tangled vortex distribution in an atomic BEC of (87)Rb atoms submitted to an external oscillatory perturbation. The oscillatory perturbations start by exciting quadrupolar and scissors modes of the condensate. Then regular vortices are observed finally evolving to a vortex tangle configuration. The vortex tangle is a signature of the presence of a turbulent regime in the cloud. We also show that this turbulent cloud has suppression of the aspect ratio inversion typically observed in quantum degenerate bosonic gases during free expansion.

Histopathology and laser autofluorescence of ischemic kidneys of rats

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the severity of renal ischemia/reperfusion injury as determined by histology and by laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) with excitation wavelengths of 442 nm and 532 nm. Wistar rats (four groups of six animals) were subjected to left renal warm ischemia for 20, 40, 60 and 80 min followed by 10 min of reperfusion. Autofluorescence was determined before ischemia (control) and then every 5-10 min thereafter. Tissue samples for histology were harvested from the right kidney (control) and from the left kidney after reperfusion. LIF and ischemia time showed a significant correlation (p < 0.0001 and r (2)=0.47, and p=0.006 and r (2)=0.25, respectively, for the excitation wavelengths of 442 nm and 532 nm). Histological scores showed a good correlation with ischemia time (p < 0.0001). The correlations between optical spectroscopy values and histological damage were: LIF at 442 nm p < 0.0001, LIF at 532 nm p=0.001; IFF (peak of back scattered light/LIF) at 442 nm p > 0.05, and IFF at 532 nm p > 0.05. After reperfusion LIF tended to return to preischemic basal levels which occurred in the presence of histological damage. This suggests that factors other than morphological alterations may have a more relevant effect on changes observed in LIF. In conclusion, renal ischemia/reperfusion changed tissue fluorescence induced by laser. The excitation light of 442 nm showed a better correlation with the ischemia time and with the severity of tissue injury.

Renal ischemia in rats: Mitochondria function and laser autofluorescence

Ischemia-reperfusion injury is the major cause of organ dysfunction or even nonfunction following transplantation. It can attenuate the long-term survival of transplanted organs. To evaluate the severity of renal ischemia injury determined by histology, we applied laser(442 nm and 532 nm) induced fluorescence (LIF), mitochondria respiration, and membrane swelling to evaluate 28 Wistar rats that underwent left kidney warm ischemia for 20, 40, 60, or 80 minutes. LIF performed before ischemia (control) was repeated at 20, 40, 60, and 80 minutes thereafter. We harvested left kidney tissue samples immediately after LIF determination for histology and mitochondrial analyses: state 3 and 4 respiration, respiration control rate (RCR), and membrane swelling. The association of optic spectroscopy with histological damage showed: LIF, 442 nm (r(2) = 0.39, P < .001) and 532 nm, (r(2) = 0.18, P = .003); reflecting laser/fluorescence-induced, 442 nm (r(2) = 0.20, P = .002) and 532 nm (r(2) = 0.004, P = .67). The associations between mitochondria function and tissue damage were: state 3 respiration (r(2) = 0.43, P = .0004), state 4 respiration (r(2) = 0.03, P = 0.38), RCR (r(2) = 0.28, P = .007), and membrane swelling (r(2) = 0.02, P = .43). The intensity of fluorescence emitted by tissue excited by laser, especially at a wave length of 442 nm, was determined in real time. Mitochondrial state 3 respiration and respiratory control ratio also exhibited good correlations with the grade of ischemic tissue damage.

An eigenvalue problem for the biharmonic operator on Z(2)-symmetric regions

In this work we show that the eigenvalues of the Dirichlet problem for the biharmonic operator are generically simple in the set Of Z(2)-symmetric regions of R-n, n >= 2, with a suitable topology. To accomplish this, we combine Baire`s lemma, a generalised version of the transversality theorem, due to Henry [Perturbation of the boundary in boundary value problems of PDEs, London Mathematical Society Lecture Note Series 318 (Cambridge University Press, 2005)], and the method of rapidly oscillating functions developed in [A. L. Pereira and M. C. Pereira, Mat. Contemp. 27 (2004) 225-241].

TNF-alpha polymorphisms are associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder

Introduction: Several lines of evidence support an immunologic involvement in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): the increased prevalence of OCD in patients with rheumatic fever (RF), and the aggregation of obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders among relatives of RF probands. Tumor necrosis factor alpha is a proinflammatory cytokine involved in RF and other autoimmune diseases. Polymorphisms in the promoter region of the TNFA gene have been associated with RE Given the association between OCD and RF, the goal of the present study was to investigate a possible association between polymorphisms within the promoter region of TNFA and OCD. Materials and methods: Two polymorphisms were investigated: -308 G/A and -238 G/A. The allelic and genotypic frequencies of these polymorphisms were examined in 111 patients who fulfilled DSM-IV criteria for OCD and compared with the frequencies in 250 controls. Results: Significant associations were observed between both polymorphisms and OCD. For -238 G/A, an association between the A allele and OCD was observed (X-2 = 12.05, p = 0.0005). A significant association was also observed between the A allele of the -308 G/A polymorphism and OCD (X-2 = 7.09, p = 0.007). Finally, a haplotype consisting of genotypes of these two markers was also examined. Significant association was observed for the A-A haplotype (p = 0.0099 after correcting for multiple testing). Discussion: There is association between the -308 G/A and -238 G/A TNFA polymorphisms and OCD in our Brazilian sample. However, these results need to be replicated in larger samples collected from different populations. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Chemical modification of a nanocrystalline TiO(2) film for efficient electric connection of glucose oxidase

A novel biosensor for glucose was prepared by adsorption of 1,1`-bis(4-carboxybenzyl)-4,4`-bipyridinium di-bromide compound (H(2)BpybcBr(2)) onto the surface of a nanocrystalline TiO(2) film deposited onto FTO glasses, which was used as a platform to assemble the enzyme glucose oxidase to the electrode surface. The H(2)BpybcBr(2)/TiO(2)/FTO modified electrode was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray fluorescence image, cyclic voltammograms and spectroelectrochemical measurements. The immobilization of GOD on functionalized TiO(2) film led to stable amperometric biosensing for glucose with a linear range from 153 mu mol L(-1) to 1.30 mmol L(-1) and a detection limit of 51 mu mol L(-1). The apparent Michaelis-Menten constant (K(m)) was estimated to be 3.76 mmol L(-1), which suggested a high enzyme-substrate affinity. The maximum electrode sensitivity was 1.25 mu A mmol L(-1). The study proved that the combination of viologen mediators with TiO(2) film retains the electrocatalytic activity of the enzyme, and also enhances the electron transfer process, and hence regenerating the enzyme in the reaction with glucose. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Self-reinforced composites obtained by the partial oxypropylation of cellulose fibers. 1. Characterization of the materials obtained with different types of fibers

The in-depth oxypropylation of different types of cellulose fibers, namely Avicel, Rayon, Kraft, and Filter Paper, was investigated. New biphasic mono-component materials were obtained, which could be hot-pressed to form films of cellulose fibers dispersed into a thermoplastic matrix. The success of this chemical modification was assessed by FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy. differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis and contact angle measurements. The optimization of this process led to the establishment of the optimal molar ratio between the cellulose CH groups and propylene oxide, which varied as a function of the specific morphology of the fibers. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Methanol and ethanol electro-oxidation on Pt-SnO(2) and Pt-Ta(2)O(5) sol-gel-modified boron-doped diamond surfaces

The search for more efficient anode catalyst than platinum to be used in direct alcohol fuel cell systems is an important challenge. In this study, boron-doped diamond film surfaces were modified with Pt, Pt-SnO(2) and Pt-Ta(2)O(5) nano-crystalline deposits by the sol-gel method to study the methanol and ethanol electro-oxidation reactions in acidic medium. Electrochemical experiments carried out in steady-state conditions demonstrate that the addition of SnO(2) to Pt produces a very reactive electrocatalyst that possibly adsorbs and/or dissociate ethanol more efficiently than pure Pt changing the onset potential of the reaction by 190 mV toward less positive potentials. Furthermore, the addition of Ta(2)O(5) to Pt enhances the catalytic activity toward the methanol oxidation resulting in a negative shift of the onset potential of 170 mV. These synergic effects indicate that the addition of these co-catalysts inhibits the poisoning effect caused by strongly adsorbed intermediary species. Since the SnO(2) catalyst was more efficient for ethanol oxidation, it could probably facilitate the cleavage of the C-C bond of the adsorbed intermediate fragments of the reaction. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Product verification and defect repair - status and considerations

Product verifications have become a cost-intensive and time-consuming aspect of modern electronics production, but with the onset of an ever-increasing miniaturisation, these aspects will become even more cumbersome. One may also go as far as to point out that certain precision assembly, such as within the biomedical sector, is legally bound to have 0 defects within production. Since miniaturisation and precision assembly will soon become a part of almost any product, the verifications phases of assembly need to be optimised in both functionality and cost. Another aspect relates to the stability and robustness of processes, a pre-requisite for flexibility. Furthermore, as the re-engineering cycle becomes ever more important, all information gathered within the ongoing process becomes vital. In view of these points, product, or process verification may be assumed to be an important and integral part of precision assembly. In this paper, product verification is defined as the process of determining whether or not the products, at a given phase in the life-cycle, fulfil the established specifications. Since the product is given its final form and function in the assembly, the product verification normally takes place somewhere in the assembly line which is the focus for this paper.

A influência da cidadania empresarial na imagem corporativa

Disponível na pintegra no link: http://portalrevistas.ucb.br/index.php/esf/article/viewFile/2937/2169

A cardioplastia passiva na função ventricular de ratos infartados e na formação de fluxo colateral extramiocárdico induzido pela aplicação de vegf165

A cardiomioplastia (CDM) tem sido proposta com uma alternativa de tratamento cirúrgico para pacientes em estado avançado de cardiomiopatia dilatada e isquêmica. Os resultados clínicos e experimentais demonstram que este procedimento atenua o processo de remodelamento ventricular, através da compressão dinâmica ou passiva do miocárdio pelo grande dorsal (GD). Além disso, estudos observaram formação de vasos colaterais do GD para o coração após a CDM. O infarto do miocárdio (IM) induz disfunção e remodelamento ventricular e tem sido muito utilizado na literatura como modelo experimental de isquemia miocárdica. A aplicação de fatores angiogênicos diretamente no miocárdio isquêmico tem mostrado resultados positivos na estimulação da formação de colaterais. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da CDM associada ao tratamento com VEGF165 na função ventricular e no desenvolvimento de fluxo colateral extramiocárdico em ratos infartados. Foram utilizados ratos machos Wistar (n=57, 220-250g) divididos em grupos infartados e controles. As alterações temporais induzidas pelo IM (ligadura da artéria coronária esquerda) foram avaliadas aos 14 (IM-14) e aos 56 (IM-56) dias pós IM sendo comparadas com seus respectivos controles (C-14 e C-56). Animais controles (C-CDM) e infartados (IM-CDM) foram submetidos à CDM passiva (sem estimulação do GD) após 14 dias de IM e avaliados aos 56 dias. Ratos controles foram submetidos à cirurgia fictícia de IM e de CDM (S-IMCDM) e ratos infartados à cirurgia fictícia de CDM (IM-SCDM) a fim de verificar eventuais alterações induzidas pelos procedimentos cirúrgicos. Um grupo de ratos infartados recebeu a administração de uma dose de 25µg de VEGF165 na artéria principal do GD imediatamente antes da CDM (14 dias de IM) e foi avaliados aos 56 dias (IMCDM-VEGF). Ao final do protocolo os animais foram anestesiados (pentobarbital sódico, 40mg/Kg) e a artéria carótida direita foi canulada para registro da PA. Logo após, esta cânula foi inserida no ventrículo esquerdo (VE) para registro da pressão ventricular. O registro e processamento dos sinais de pressão foram realizados utilizando-se um sistema de aquisição de sinais (CODAS, 1 Khz). O débito cardíaco (DC) e os fluxos regionais (coração e rins) foram avaliados através da infusão de 300 000 microesferas azuis no ventrículo esquerdo. Após a infusão de 50 000 microesferas amarelas na artéria principal do GD o fluxo colateral extramiocárdico do GD para o coração (FCO GD→coração) foi quantificado através da divisão do número de microesferas amarelas no coração pelo número de microesferas amarelas no GD. Após a oclusão da artéria do GD foram infundidas 300 000 microesferas azuis no VE e o fluxo colateral extramiocárdico do coração para o GD (FCO coração→GD) foi avaliado pela divisão do número de microesferas azuis no GD pelo número de microesferas azuis no coração. O IM induziu hipotensão e aumento da pressão diastólica final (PDF) nos grupos IM-14 (84±6 e 6,88±2,6 mmHg) e IM-56 (98±3 e 15,4±2 mmHg) em relação aos seus respectivos controles (C-14: 102±4 e –3,2±0,5; C-56: 114±3 e 0,5±1,7 mmHg). O débito cárdiaco (DC) foi menor no grupo IM-56 (49,5±9 ml/min) em relação ao grupo IM-14 (72±9 ml/min). A máxima velocidade de relaxamento do VE (-dP/dt) estava reduzida nos grupos IM-14 (-2416±415 vs -4141±309 mmHg/seg nos C-14) e IM-56 (-3062±254 vs -4191±354 mmHg/seg nos C-56) e a de contração do VE (+dP/dt) somente no grupo IM-56 (4191±354 vs 5420±355 mmHg/seg nos C-56). O IM não alterou o fluxo e a resistência vascular coronariana, no entanto, o fluxo renal estava reduzido e a resistência renal aumentada no grupo IM-56 quando comparados ao grupo C-56. Os animais com 56 dias de IM apresentaram aumento de massa ventricular (pv) e da razão peso ventricular/peso corporal (pv/pc) em relação aos controles (1,3±0,04 vs 0,98±0,04 23 g e 3,37±0,08 vs 2,54±0,09 mg/g nos C-56). O tamanho do infarto foi menor no grupo IM-14 (35±3 % do VE) em relação ao grupo IM-56 (44±2 % do VE). Os grupos sham não apresentaram alterações nos parâmetros avaliados em relação aos seus controles. Os ratos infartados submetidos à CDM não apresentaram hipotensão (105±2 mmHg), nem aumento da PDF (4,8±1,7 mmHg) conforme observado no grupo IM-56. O FC, o DC, a RVP e os fluxos e a resistência vascular coronariana foram semelhantes entre os grupos C-56, IM-56, C-CDM e IM-CDM. A +dP/dt e a –dP/dt mostraram-se reduzidas nos grupos C-CDM e IM-CDM em relação ao grupo C-56. O fluxo e a resistência vascular renal estavam normalizadas nos ratos IM-CDM. O pv (1,11±0,04g) e a razão pv/pc (2,94±0,09 mg/g) apresentaram-se similares aos valores do grupo C-56 e o tamanho do IM foi semelhante entre os grupo IM-56 e IM-CDM (44±2 vs 45±3 % do VE). O grupo IMCDM-VEGF apresentou normalização dos parâmetros hemodinâmicos e morfométricos de forma semelhante aos do grupo IM-CDM quando comparados ao grupo IM-56. A resistência coronariana mostrou-se reduzida nos animais IMCDM-VEGF (22,07±2,01 mmHg/ml/min/g) quando comparada ao grupo C-CDM (37,81±4 mmHg/ml/min/g), apesar do fluxo coronariano ter sido similar entre os grupos submetidos à CDM. O FCOcoração→GD ocorreu predominantemente nos animais dos grupo C-CDM e IMCDM-VEGF (70% e 83,3% vs 28,6% no IM-CDM) enquanto que o FCO GD-coração foi observado em todos os animais dos grupos IM-CDM e IMCDM-VEGF (20% no C-CDM). A administração de VEGF165 aumentou o FCO GD→coração em valores absolutos e normalizados por grama (24,85±10,3% e 62,29±23,27%/g) em relação aos grupos C-CDM (0,88±0,89% e 1,42±1,42%/g) e IM-CDM (4,43±1,45 % e 7,66±2,34 %/g). O FCO GD→coração normalizado foi maior nos animais IM-CDM em relação aos C-CDM. O grupo IMCDM-VEGF (4,47±1,46 %/g) apresentou maior FCO coração→GD normalizado em comparação ao grupo MI-CDM (2,43±1,44 %/g). O tamanho do infarto foi menor nos animais do grupo IMCDM-VEGF (36±3 % do VE) em relação aos grupos IM-56 e IM-CDM. Correlações positivas foram obtidas entre o FCO GD→coração e o volume sistólico e (r=0,7) e o fluxo coronariano (r=0,7), e entre a PDF e a razão pv/pc (r=0,8) e o tamanho do IM (r=0,6). Além disso, correlações inversas foram observadas entre o tamanho do infarto e o volume sistólico (r=0,8) e o FCO GD→coração (r=0,7). Estes resultados permitem concluir que a CDM passiva preveniu a disfunção e o remodelamento do VE em ratos infartados. A aplicação de VEGF165 induziu diminuição do tamanho do IM que pode estar associado ao aumento do fluxo colateral extramiocárdico do GD→coração observado neste grupo tratado com VEGF. Estes achados sugerem que o uso de fatores angiogênicos, como o VEGF165, pode induzir melhora da perfusão das regiões isquêmicas do coração infartado, limitando a perda tecidual. Este efeito associado ao da compressão passiva do VE infartado pelo GD pós CDM, pode prevenir as disfunções decorrentes de isquemias miocárdicas.