Maria Àngels Anglada i la traducció: de les germanes de Safo a les de Mendelssohn

En els anys vuitanta i noranta, Maria Àngels Anglada s’endinsà en l’art de la traducció i traslladà alguns títols, majoritàriament clàssics, amb l’objectiu de recuperar noms poc atesos pels discursos literaris del nostre país. Se centrà en quatre textos: Les germanes de Safo (1983), Epigrames (1993), L’esplanada (1987), i, amb Maria Ohannesian, Terra porpra i altres poemes. Anglada també va fer feina de torsimany en els seus tres llibres de viatges Paisatge amb poetes (1988), Paradís amb poetes (1993) i Retalls de la vida a Grècia i Roma (1997).

Ohjauksen ja neuvonnan vaikutukset sepelvaltimoiden ohitusleikkauspotilaiden terveyskäyttäytymiseen, terveyteen ja toimintakykyyn

Effects of counseling and guidance on health behavior, health, and functional abilities of coronary artery bypass (cab) patients Hospital periods of heart patients are brief and full of activity today, and for that reason, the meaning of counseling and guidance becomes emphasized. The present intervention study started based on observations of staff members at the heart organization. According to these observations, there were gaps in counseling and guidance intended for coronary artery bypass (CAB) patients. The purpose of the present intervention study was to describe and evaluate the program on counseling and guidance organized for patients who were referred to CAB operations. More specifically, the study was to assess its short-term (3-month), intermediate (6-month), and long-term (12-month) effects on health behavior, health, and functional abilities of CAB patients of any age on one hand and elderly on the other, as well as on their mortality. The data consisted of those individuals having coronary heart disease (CHD) and living in Uusimaa (n = 365) who went through their first CAB operation at the Helsinki University Hospital between May 7th, 1998 and December 31st, 2001. Based on the need of urgency, they were divided into two groups: 1) surgery with regular referral procedure (non-acute) or 2) surgery in the acute phase of CHD. Randomization into an intervention and a control group was separately carried out within these two groups. A subgroup was formed by including those 65 years or older who were operated on with regular referral procedure. Data on health behavior, health, and functional abilities were gathered with survey questionnaires. Times and causes of death were examined January 1st, 1998 through December 31st, 2004. Intervention included counseling and guidance in small groups. The intervention of the non-acutely operated patients was implemented prior to and following surgery, whereas the intervention of the acutely operated patients was implemented after surgery alone. The control group received regular health care services. Counseling and guidance contributed in positive terms to the frequency of alcohol use among non-acutely operated men and to the frequencies of exercise and functional ability among women. The intervention was also capable of having an effect on the exercise frequencies of elderly and acutely operated men. The present intervention did not have an effect on the body mass index, whereas it had barely a slight effect on the health status of the CAB patients. The findings of the intervention and generalizations resulting from them must be viewed critically because the data analysis utilized a multi-testing situation, many variables, and several subgroups. The study did not involve intention to treat analysis. Additionally, a loss of patients was great especially among the elderly and acutely operated patients.

Percepciones del profesorado ante la incorporación de las competencias genéricas en la formación universitaria

What are the mindsets of teachers regarding the incorporation of generic competencies into university education within the framework of the European space for higher education? After clarifying the concept of competency and generic competencies, we selected a reference set of ten generic competencies and delimited the possible ways or strategies of intervention.A sample of 277 teachers in the University of Girona completed a questionnaire in which they evaluated the importance of each one of the competencies selected for the education profile and the preferred courses of action. There was a general acceptance on the part of the teaching staff of the need for the development of generic competencies. However, it is obvious they were reticent to incorporate them into the academic curriculum, which can be attributed to gaps in their teacher training. In order to make progress on this interesting aspect of higher education, a number of possible steps are put forward

Listattujen sijoitusyhtiöiden rahoitusinstrumenttien ja sijoituskiinteistöjen läpinäkyvyys

Tutkielman ensimmäisenä tavoitteena oli selvittää esittävätkö listatut suomalaiset sijoitusyhtiöt tilinpäätöksissään rahoitusinstrumenteista ja sijoi-tuskiinteistöistä IFRS-standardien mukaiset riittävät tiedot. Lisäksi selvitettiin näiden tietojen esittämistapaa. Toisena tavoitteena oli selvittää käyvän arvon määrittämisessä käytetyt menetelmät ja niiden sopivuus kyseisille tase-erille. Tutkimus tehtiin tapaustutkimuksena ja tutkimusaineistona käytettiin yhtiöiden julkisia tilinpäätöksiä vuosilta 2005–2007. Tutkimustulosten mukaan yhtiöiden tilinpäätöksissä oli puutteita rahoitusinstrumenteista ja sijoituskiinteistöistä esitetyissä tiedoissa. Vain kolme yhtiötä oli esittänyt kaikki IFRS-standardien mukaiset riittävät tiedot näistä tase-eristä. Tiedon esittämistapaa läpinäkyvyyden lisäämiseksi tulisi myös parantaa, koska monessa kohdin tiedon esittäminen oli vain yleisellä tasolla olevaa kerrontaa. Erityisesti käyvän arvon määrittäminen tulisi esittää entistä avoimemmin, koska kaikissa tapauksissa ei voida olla varmoja edes käytetyistä arvonmääritysmenetelmistä.

Química entre a microcamada superficial oceânica e os aerossóis marinhos

The sea surface microlayer (SML), although poorly understood, is important in biogeochemical cycling and sea - air exchanges; it is a source or a sink for a range of pollutants. In this paper, an overview of sampling techniques and the role of SML in biogeochemical cycles and climate is presented. The chemical and biological nature of the ocean surface film and its interaction with atmospheric aerosols are discussed. Special attention is given to organic constituents, gel-like compounds, surfactants, halogenated compounds, and metals. Estimates of air - sea exchange fluxes-with focus on organic carbon, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and polychlorinated biphenyls-are compiled. In addition, research gaps in the chemical composition of marine aerosols and their relationship with SML are described.

Love and rationality: on some possible rational effects of love

In this paper I defend the idea that rather than disrupting rationality, as the common-sense conception has done it, love may actually help us to develop rational ways of thinking and acting. I make the case for romantic or erotic love, since this is the kind of love that is more frequently associated with irrationality in acting and thinking. I argue that this kind of love may make us develop epistemic and practical forms of rationality. Based on an analysis of its characteristic action tendencies, I argue that love may help us to develop an instrumental form of rationality in determining the best means to achieve the object of love. It may also narrow down the number of practical considerations that may help us to achieve our goals. Finally, love may generate rational ways of belief-formation by framing the parameters taken into account in perception and attention, and by bringing into light only a small portion of the epistemic information available. Love may make us perceive reality more acutely.

Teaching mathematics and programming : new approaches with empirical evaluation

Programming and mathematics are core areas of computer science (CS) and consequently also important parts of CS education. Introductory instruction in these two topics is, however, not without problems. Studies show that CS students find programming difficult to learn and that teaching mathematical topics to CS novices is challenging. One reason for the latter is the disconnection between mathematics and programming found in many CS curricula, which results in students not seeing the relevance of the subject for their studies. In addition, reports indicate that students' mathematical capability and maturity levels are dropping. The challenges faced when teaching mathematics and programming at CS departments can also be traced back to gaps in students' prior education. In Finland the high school curriculum does not include CS as a subject; instead, focus is on learning to use the computer and its applications as tools. Similarly, many of the mathematics courses emphasize application of formulas, while logic, formalisms and proofs, which are important in CS, are avoided. Consequently, high school graduates are not well prepared for studies in CS. Motivated by these challenges, the goal of the present work is to describe new approaches to teaching mathematics and programming aimed at addressing these issues: Structured derivations is a logic-based approach to teaching mathematics, where formalisms and justifications are made explicit. The aim is to help students become better at communicating their reasoning using mathematical language and logical notation at the same time as they become more confident with formalisms. The Python programming language was originally designed with education in mind, and has a simple syntax compared to many other popular languages. The aim of using it in instruction is to address algorithms and their implementation in a way that allows focus to be put on learning algorithmic thinking and programming instead of on learning a complex syntax. Invariant based programming is a diagrammatic approach to developing programs that are correct by construction. The approach is based on elementary propositional and predicate logic, and makes explicit the underlying mathematical foundations of programming. The aim is also to show how mathematics in general, and logic in particular, can be used to create better programs.

Paineellisten rumpusuodinten kunnossapitostrategian kehittäminen ja implementointi

Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli luoda UPM-Kymmene Oyj:n Kaukaan sellutehtaalle tuotannolliset näkökulmat huomioiva ja kunnossapitokustannukset optimoiva paineellisten rumpusuodinten kunnossapitostrategia. Paineelliset rumpusuotimet on sellutehtaan kuitulinjan keskeinen laiteryhmä, jonka vuosittaiset kunnossapitokustannukset ovat merkittävät. Tarkastelu työssä keskittyi paineellisen rumpusuotimen päätytiivistyksen kunnossapitostrategian kehittämiseen, koska päätytiivistys muodostaa laitteen vuosittaisista kustannuksista suurimman osan. Kunnossapitokustannusten optimointi suoritettiin strategisen johtamisen periaatteiden mukaisesti eri teknistaloudelliset näkökulmat huomioiden. Kunnossapidon toteutukselle määriteltiin tuotannon tavoitteet, jonka perusteella luotiin uusi kunnossapitostrategia. Työssä tehdyn tutkimuksen perusteella siirtymällä korjaavasta kunnossapidosta ehkäisevään kunnossapitoon, voidaan saavuttaa säästöjä kunnossapitokustannuksissa. Uuden strategian toteutumisen mahdollistamiseksi määriteltiin strategiset projektit, jotka käsittelivät muun muassa uusien tiivistemateriaalien käyttöönottoa, alajärjestelmien muutostöitä sekä toimintatapojen muutoksia. Strategian ja strategisten projektien toteutusta varten laadittiin kirjalliset dokumentit, joiden perusteella implementointi suoritetaan. Toimenpiteille määriteltiin vastuuhenkilöt ja toteutusajat, joiden mukaisesti eri organisaatiotasot toimivat. Strategia laadittiin seuraavalle kymmenelle vuodelle, mutta strategian toteutusta ja tuloksia on seurattava vuosittain. Muuttuvassa liiketoimintaympäristössä kunnossapidon optimitila ei ole staattinen, joten strategiaa on oltava valmis päivittämään. Aktiivisella ja suunnitelmallisella toiminnalla on mahdollista saavuttaa merkittäviä säästöjä tuotannon ja kunnossapidon näkökulmasta.

Social ventures : the development of the theory of sustainable contributive advantage and initial empirical tests

This thesis attempts to fill gaps in both a theoretical basis and an operational and strategic understanding in the areas of social ventures, social entrepreneurship and nonprofit business models. This study also attempts to bridge the gap in strategic and economic theory between social and commercial ventures. More specifically, this thesis explores sustainable competitive advantage from a resource-based theory perspective and explores how it may be applied to the nonmarket situation of nonprofit organizations and social ventures. It is proposed that a social value-orientation of sustainable competitive advantage, called sustainable contributive advantage, provides a more realistic depiction of what is necessary in order for a social venture to perform better than its competitors over time. In addition to providing this realistic depiction, this research provides a substantial theoretical contribution in the area of economics, social ventures, and strategy research, specifically in regards to resource-based theory. The proposed model for sustainable contributive advantage uses resource-based theory and competitive advantage in order to be applicable to social ventures. This model proposes an explanation of a social venture’s ability to demonstrate consistently superior performance. In order to determine whether sustainable competitive advantage is in fact, appropriate to apply to both social and economic environments, quantitative analyses are conducted on a large sample of nonprofit organizations in a single industry and then compared to similar quantitative analyses conducted on commercial ventures. In comparing the trends and strategies between the two types of entities from a quantitative perspective, propositions are developed regarding a social venture’s resource utilization strategies and their possible impact on performance. Evidence is found to support the necessity of adjusting existing models in resource-based theory in order to apply them to social ventures. Additionally supported is the proposed theory of sustainable contributive advantage. The thesis concludes with recommendations for practitioners, researchers and policy makers as well as suggestions for future research paths.

Key success factors and process for IT project portfolio management

The importance of Information Technology (IT) in the business environment is continuously growing. This stimulates the increase of size, complexity and number of IT projects and raises the need for IT Project Portfolio Management (IT PPM). While being actively discussed for the last few decades, IT PPM has a short history of practical implementation. This creates inconsistency in the views of different authors and provides an opportunity for additional research. As a first step, this research explores the existing studies and brings together the views of different authors on IT PPM. As a result, a high-level IT PPM Process Cycle and a set of Key Success Factors for IT PPM are proposed. IT PPM Process Cycle gives an overview of the main elements of IT PPM process, while the set of Key Success Factors provides a number of factors that should be considered during the implementation. As a second step, both theoretical deliverables are empirically tested by a case study and a survey conducted in a big multinational company. The case study is used to analyze process framework of the studied company towards the developed IT PPM Process Cycle. Subsequently, a survey was conducted among subject matter experts of the same company to evaluate the importance and relevance of the proposed Key Success Factors. Finally, this thesis concludes with findings made during the case study and provides an empirically tested selection of factors to be taken into account. These two deliverables can be used by both academics and practitioners to close the gaps in existing literature and assist in IT PPM implementation.

A Model for Integrating the Publication and Preservation of Journal Articles

Presentation at Open Repositories 2014, Helsinki, Finland, June 9-13, 2014

Not Going it Alone: The US National Agenda for Digital Stewardship and Repositories

Presentation at Open Repositories 2014, Helsinki, Finland, June 9-13, 2014

Factors Affecting Customer Profitability: a Bibliometric Study

The first objective of the thesis is to find out which factors impact on customer profitability has been studied in scientific articles. The second objective is to find out the main authors and publishers from the subject area. Expectations were to find factors from marketing and management accounting literature, but this study did not succeed to gather management accounting perspective on the subject area. This study used bibliometric methods. The data for this study was collected manually from Scopus and Web of Science databases. Search words resulted 770 articles and from those 82 were included to further analyze. Descriptive analysis, citation analysis and content analysis were made. Bibexcel and Pajek software were used in this study. Publication activity was concentrated on years 2004-2013. The most productive author around the subject area is Kumar Vipin from Georgia State University (USA). A multiple customer profitability factors were identified. A lot of research was made for example about satisfaction, relationship duration, loyalty, marketing actions and customer equity drivers. The research is concentrated on service sector. The results are suggesting that there are research gaps in business-to-business and manufacturing sector.

Learning from projects: a qualitative metasummary

The objective of this thesis was to form an understanding about the common gaps in learning from projects, as well as possible approaches to bridging them. In the research focus were the questions on how project teams create knowledge, which fac- tors affect the capture and re-use of this knowledge and how organizations can best capture and utilize this project-based knowledge. The method used was qualitative metasummary, a literature-based research method that has previously been mainly applied in the domains of nursing and health care research. The focus was laid on firms conducting knowledge-intensive business in some form of matrix organization. The research produced a theoretical model of knowledge creation in projects as well as a typology of factors affecting transfer of project-based knowledge. These include experience, culture and leadership, planning and controlling, relationships, project review and documentation. From these factors, suggestions could be derived as to how organizations should conduct projects in order not to lose what has been learned.

Nichesourcing The Uralic Languages For The Benefit Of Linguistic Research And Lingual Societies

The emerging technologies have recently challenged the libraries to reconsider their role as a mere mediator between the collections, researchers, and wider audiences (Sula, 2013), and libraries, especially the nationwide institutions like national libraries, haven’t always managed to face the challenge (Nygren et al., 2014). In the Digitization Project of Kindred Languages, the National Library of Finland has become a node that connects the partners to interplay and work for shared goals and objectives. In this paper, I will be drawing a picture of the crowdsourcing methods that have been established during the project to support both linguistic research and lingual diversity. The National Library of Finland has been executing the Digitization Project of Kindred Languages since 2012. The project seeks to digitize and publish approximately 1,200 monograph titles and more than 100 newspapers titles in various, and in some cases endangered Uralic languages. Once the digitization has been completed in 2015, the Fenno-Ugrica online collection will consist of 110,000 monograph pages and around 90,000 newspaper pages to which all users will have open access regardless of their place of residence. The majority of the digitized literature was originally published in the 1920s and 1930s in the Soviet Union, and it was the genesis and consolidation period of literary languages. This was the era when many Uralic languages were converted into media of popular education, enlightenment, and dissemination of information pertinent to the developing political agenda of the Soviet state. The ‘deluge’ of popular literature in the 1920s to 1930s suddenly challenged the lexical orthographic norms of the limited ecclesiastical publications from the 1880s onward. Newspapers were now written in orthographies and in word forms that the locals would understand. Textbooks were written to address the separate needs of both adults and children. New concepts were introduced in the language. This was the beginning of a renaissance and period of enlightenment (Rueter, 2013). The linguistically oriented population can also find writings to their delight, especially lexical items specific to a given publication, and orthographically documented specifics of phonetics. The project is financially supported by the Kone Foundation in Helsinki and is part of the Foundation’s Language Programme. One of the key objectives of the Kone Foundation Language Programme is to support a culture of openness and interaction in linguistic research, but also to promote citizen science as a tool for the participation of the language community in research. In addition to sharing this aspiration, our objective within the Language Programme is to make sure that old and new corpora in Uralic languages are made available for the open and interactive use of the academic community as well as the language societies. Wordlists are available in 17 languages, but without tokenization, lemmatization, and so on. This approach was verified with the scholars, and we consider the wordlists as raw data for linguists. Our data is used for creating the morphological analyzers and online dictionaries at the Helsinki and Tromsø Universities, for instance. In order to reach the targets, we will produce not only the digitized materials but also their development tools for supporting linguistic research and citizen science. The Digitization Project of Kindred Languages is thus linked with the research of language technology. The mission is to improve the usage and usability of digitized content. During the project, we have advanced methods that will refine the raw data for further use, especially in the linguistic research. How does the library meet the objectives, which appears to be beyond its traditional playground? The written materials from this period are a gold mine, so how could we retrieve these hidden treasures of languages out of the stack that contains more than 200,000 pages of literature in various Uralic languages? The problem is that the machined-encoded text (OCR) contains often too many mistakes to be used as such in research. The mistakes in OCRed texts must be corrected. For enhancing the OCRed texts, the National Library of Finland developed an open-source code OCR editor that enabled the editing of machine-encoded text for the benefit of linguistic research. This tool was necessary to implement, since these rare and peripheral prints did often include already perished characters, which are sadly neglected by the modern OCR software developers, but belong to the historical context of kindred languages and thus are an essential part of the linguistic heritage (van Hemel, 2014). Our crowdsourcing tool application is essentially an editor of Alto XML format. It consists of a back-end for managing users, permissions, and files, communicating through a REST API with a front-end interface—that is, the actual editor for correcting the OCRed text. The enhanced XML files can be retrieved from the Fenno-Ugrica collection for further purposes. Could the crowd do this work to support the academic research? The challenge in crowdsourcing lies in its nature. The targets in the traditional crowdsourcing have often been split into several microtasks that do not require any special skills from the anonymous people, a faceless crowd. This way of crowdsourcing may produce quantitative results, but from the research’s point of view, there is a danger that the needs of linguists are not necessarily met. Also, the remarkable downside is the lack of shared goal or the social affinity. There is no reward in the traditional methods of crowdsourcing (de Boer et al., 2012). Also, there has been criticism that digital humanities makes the humanities too data-driven and oriented towards quantitative methods, losing the values of critical qualitative methods (Fish, 2012). And on top of that, the downsides of the traditional crowdsourcing become more imminent when you leave the Anglophone world. Our potential crowd is geographically scattered in Russia. This crowd is linguistically heterogeneous, speaking 17 different languages. In many cases languages are close to extinction or longing for language revitalization, and the native speakers do not always have Internet access, so an open call for crowdsourcing would not have produced appeasing results for linguists. Thus, one has to identify carefully the potential niches to complete the needed tasks. When using the help of a crowd in a project that is aiming to support both linguistic research and survival of endangered languages, the approach has to be a different one. In nichesourcing, the tasks are distributed amongst a small crowd of citizen scientists (communities). Although communities provide smaller pools to draw resources, their specific richness in skill is suited for complex tasks with high-quality product expectations found in nichesourcing. Communities have a purpose and identity, and their regular interaction engenders social trust and reputation. These communities can correspond to research more precisely (de Boer et al., 2012). Instead of repetitive and rather trivial tasks, we are trying to utilize the knowledge and skills of citizen scientists to provide qualitative results. In nichesourcing, we hand in such assignments that would precisely fill the gaps in linguistic research. A typical task would be editing and collecting the words in such fields of vocabularies where the researchers do require more information. For instance, there is lack of Hill Mari words and terminology in anatomy. We have digitized the books in medicine, and we could try to track the words related to human organs by assigning the citizen scientists to edit and collect words with the OCR editor. From the nichesourcing’s perspective, it is essential that altruism play a central role when the language communities are involved. In nichesourcing, our goal is to reach a certain level of interplay, where the language communities would benefit from the results. For instance, the corrected words in Ingrian will be added to an online dictionary, which is made freely available for the public, so the society can benefit, too. This objective of interplay can be understood as an aspiration to support the endangered languages and the maintenance of lingual diversity, but also as a servant of ‘two masters’: research and society.