Asesoría administrativa y contable a la Fundación Proyecto el Ser Social, barrio Santa Inés localidad de Bosa

Bogotá (Colombia): Universidad de La Salle. Facultad de Ciencias Administrativas y Contables. Programa de Administración de Empresas

Plan de asesoría y capacitación en contabilidad y administración para el adulto mayor de la junta de acción comunal del barrio Antonio granados ubicado en la localidad de suba de la ciudad de Bogotá

Bogotá (Colombia) : Universidad de La Salle. Facultad de Ciencias Administrativas y Contables. Programa de Contaduría Pública

Propuesta de plan de direccionamiento estratégico para la JAC barrio Comuneros Norte

Bogotá (Colombia) : Universidad de La Salle. Facultad de Ciencias Administrativas y Contables. Programa de Contaduría Pública

Análisis comparativo de la percepción que los jóvenes de la comunidad Darío González del Barrio de San Jacinto, en el Municipio de San Salvador y el Barrio la Vega del Municipio de San Antonio los Ranchos, en Chalatenango tienen sobre el Noticiero Código 21 desde el mes de febrero hasta junio de 2016

La televisión se ha convertido gradualmente en el medio de comunicación más influyente de los últimos años en la vida cotidiana de las audiencias, independientemente del lugar donde éstas habiten o el estrato social al que pertenezcan. En ese sentido, desde el punto de vista comunicativo, resulta importante tratar de comprender de mejor manera la forma cómo se produce dicho fenómeno social, es decir, por qué consumen los productos comunicativos las audiencias, de qué manera los consumen o si les resulta de utilidad observar de forma continua o con cierta regularidad estos materiales transmitidos a través de un canal de televisión. Para lograr dicho propósito, existen diversas formas y elementos fundamentales mediante los cuales se puede conocer y observar, directa o indirectamente, no sólo la opinión de los televidentes respecto a un programa en particular, sino también se puede determinar en alguna medida si esta audiencia pasa de una actitud pasiva a una activa, debido a que arranca con la atención hacia el programa que observa para luego pasar a una etapa de comprensión, selección, valoración de lo percibido y finalmente puede o no compartir dicha información, ya sea con su familia, amigos, conocidos, entre otras personas

VULNERABILIDAD EN LOS ASENTAMIENTOS IRREGULARES DEL AMBA: ANALISIS DE CASO: BARRIO SARMIENTO

Objetivo: Consiste en buscar una metodología adecuada para identificar los criterios y las variables más significativas  que nos permitan reconocer tanto la vulnerabilidad social como la institucional ya que consideramos a la dimensión política como un elemento clave en los procesos para atenuar los niveles de vulnerabilidad de la población. Metodología: Búsqueda, análisis e interpretación de material bibliográfico y documentos de investigación donde se desarrolla el marco teórico a partir de la Teoría Social del Riesgo. Determinación de un número de variables posibles para evaluar la vulnerabilidad social e institucional. La caracterización del barrio se realiza a partir de tres ejes: urbano ambiental, socio económico y organizaciones comunitarias. Visita al barrio Sarmiento. Relevamiento de carácter expeditivo y adecuación de la metodología. Elaboración de las conclusiones. Aportes: Producir conocimiento que contribuya a generar toma de decisiones en la gestión pública para prevenir o contener el proceso de segregación a fin de mitigar los conflictos que esa disociación genera.

Participación de la mujer en la misión gubernamental Barrio Adentro

La lucha de las mujeres de Venezuela no siempre se enmarcó en la perspectiva de género, de hecho es más antigua que la emergencia del género como perspectiva teórica o categoría de análisis, estuvo permeada eso sí, tal vez como en muchos de los países de nuestra América Latina por los regímenes dictatoriales y la lucha por la conquista de la democracia, en nuestro caso, en principio representativa y actualmente, protagónica y participativa, con la llegada del Presidente Chávez al poder en 1999.

Generalized binomial Tau-leap method for biochemical kinetics incorporating both delay and intrinsic noise

The delay stochastic simulation algorithm (DSSA) by Barrio et al. [Plos Comput. Biol.2, 117–E (2006)] was developed to simulate delayed processes in cell biology in the presence of intrinsic noise, that is, when there are small-to-moderate numbers of certain key molecules present in a chemical reaction system. These delayed processes can faithfully represent complex interactions and mechanisms that imply a number of spatiotemporal processes often not explicitly modeled such as transcription and translation, basic in the modeling of cell signaling pathways. However, for systems with widely varying reaction rate constants or large numbers of molecules, the simulation time steps of both the stochastic simulation algorithm (SSA) and the DSSA can become very small causing considerable computational overheads. In order to overcome the limit of small step sizes, various τ-leap strategies have been suggested for improving computational performance of the SSA. In this paper, we present a binomial τ- DSSA method that extends the τ-leap idea to the delay setting and avoids drawing insufficient numbers of reactions, a common shortcoming of existing binomial τ-leap methods that becomes evident when dealing with complex chemical interactions. The resulting inaccuracies are most evident in the delayed case, even when considering reaction products as potential reactants within the same time step in which they are produced. Moreover, we extend the framework to account for multicellular systems with different degrees of intercellular communication. We apply these ideas to two important genetic regulatory models, namely, the hes1 gene, implicated as a molecular clock, and a Her1/Her 7 model for coupled oscillating cells.

Oscillatory regulation of Hes1: Discrete stochastic delay modelling and simulation

Discrete stochastic simulations are a powerful tool for understanding the dynamics of chemical kinetics when there are small-to-moderate numbers of certain molecular species. In this paper we introduce delays into the stochastic simulation algorithm, thus mimicking delays associated with transcription and translation. We then show that this process may well explain more faithfully than continuous deterministic models the observed sustained oscillations in expression levels of hes1 mRNA and Hes1 protein.

Computational approaches for modelling intrinsic noise and delays in genetic regulatory networks

This chapter focuses on the interactions and roles between delays and intrinsic noise effects within cellular pathways and regulatory networks. We address these aspects by focusing on genetic regulatory networks that share a common network motif, namely the negative feedback loop, leading to oscillatory gene expression and protein levels. In this context, we discuss computational simulation algorithms for addressing the interplay of delays and noise within the signaling pathways based on biological data. We address implementational issues associated with efficiency and robustness. In a molecular biology setting we present two case studies of temporal models for the Hes1 gene (Monk, 2003; Hirata et al., 2002), known to act as a molecular clock, and the Her1/Her7 regulatory system controlling the periodic somite segmentation in vertebrate embryos (Giudicelli and Lewis, 2004; Horikawa et al., 2006).

‘It’s about finding a way’ : children, sites of opportunity, and building everyday peace in Colombia

The multiple forms of violence associated with protracted conflict disproportionately affect young people. Literature on conflict-affected children often focuses on the need to provide stability and security through institutions such as schools but rarely considers how young people themselves see these sites as part of their everyday lives. The enduring, pervasive, and complex nature of Colombia’s conflict means many young Colombians face the challenges of poverty, persistent social exclusion, and violence. Such conditions are exacerbated in ‘informal’ barrio communities such as los Altos de Cazucá, just south of the capital Bogotá. Drawing on field research in this community, particularly through interviews conducted with young people aged 10 to 17 this article explores how young people themselves understand the roles of the local school and ngo in their personal conceptualisations of the violence in their everyday lives. The evidence indicates that children use spaces available to them opportunistically and that these actions can and should be read as contributing to local, everyday forms of peacebuilding. The ways in which institutional spaces are understood and used by young people as ‘sites of opportunity’ challenges the assumed illegitimacy of young people’s voices and experiences in these environments.

An embodied everyday peace in the midst of violence

Orthodox notions of peace built on liberal institutionalism have been critiqued for their lack of attention to the local and the people who populate these structures. The concept of an ‘everyday peace’ seeks to take into account the agency and activity of those frequently marginalised or excluded and use these experiences as the basis for a more responsive way of understanding peace. Further, reconceptualising and complicating a notion of ‘everyday peace’ as embodied recognises marginalised people as competent commentators and observers of their world, and capable of engaging with the practices, routines and radical events that shape their everyday resistances and peacebuilding. Peace, in this imagining, is not abstract, but built through everyday practices amidst violence. Young people, in particular, are often marginalised or rendered passive in discussions of the violences that affect them. In recognising this limited engagement, this paper responds through drawing on fieldwork conducted with conflict-affected young people in a peri-urban barrio community near Colombia’s capital Bogota to forward a notion of an embodied everyday peace. This involves exploring the presence and voices of young people as stakeholders in a negotiation of what it means to build peace within daily experience in the context of local and broader violence and marginalisation. By centring young people’s understandings of and contributions within the everyday, this paper responds to the inadequacies of liberal peacebuilding narratives, and forwards a more complex rendering of everyday peace as embodied.

Stochastic linear multistep methods for the simulation of chemical kinetics

In this paper, we introduce the Stochastic Adams-Bashforth (SAB) and Stochastic Adams-Moulton (SAM) methods as an extension of the tau-leaping framework to past information. Using the theta-trapezoidal tau-leap method of weak order two as a starting procedure, we show that the k-step SAB method with k >= 3 is order three in the mean and correlation, while a predictor-corrector implementation of the SAM method is weak order three in the mean but only order one in the correlation. These convergence results have been derived analytically for linear problems and successfully tested numerically for both linear and non-linear systems. A series of additional examples have been implemented in order to demonstrate the efficacy of this approach.

Efficient simulation of stochastic chemical kinetics with the Stochastic Bulirsch-Stoer extrapolation method

Background Biochemical systems with relatively low numbers of components must be simulated stochastically in order to capture their inherent noise. Although there has recently been considerable work on discrete stochastic solvers, there is still a need for numerical methods that are both fast and accurate. The Bulirsch-Stoer method is an established method for solving ordinary differential equations that possesses both of these qualities. Results In this paper, we present the Stochastic Bulirsch-Stoer method, a new numerical method for simulating discrete chemical reaction systems, inspired by its deterministic counterpart. It is able to achieve an excellent efficiency due to the fact that it is based on an approach with high deterministic order, allowing for larger stepsizes and leading to fast simulations. We compare it to the Euler τ-leap, as well as two more recent τ-leap methods, on a number of example problems, and find that as well as being very accurate, our method is the most robust, in terms of efficiency, of all the methods considered in this paper. The problems it is most suited for are those with increased populations that would be too slow to simulate using Gillespie’s stochastic simulation algorithm. For such problems, it is likely to achieve higher weak order in the moments. Conclusions The Stochastic Bulirsch-Stoer method is a novel stochastic solver that can be used for fast and accurate simulations. Crucially, compared to other similar methods, it better retains its high accuracy when the timesteps are increased. Thus the Stochastic Bulirsch-Stoer method is both computationally efficient and robust. These are key properties for any stochastic numerical method, as they must typically run many thousands of simulations.

The conservation status of the world’s reptiles

Effective and targeted conservation action requires detailed information about species, their distribution, systematics and ecology as well as the distribution of threat processes which affect them. Knowledge of reptilian diversity remains surprisingly disparate, and innovative means of gaining rapid insight into the status of reptiles are needed in order to highlight urgent conservation cases and inform environmental policy with appropriate biodiversity information in a timely manner. We present the first ever global analysis of extinction risk in reptiles, based on a random representative sample of 1500 species (16% of all currently known species). To our knowledge, our results provide the first analysis of the global conservation status and distribution patterns of reptiles and the threats affecting them, highlighting conservation priorities and knowledge gaps which need to be addressed urgently to ensure the continued survival of the world’s reptiles. Nearly one in five reptilian species are threatened with extinction, with another one in five species classed as Data Deficient. The proportion of threatened reptile species is highest in freshwater environments, tropical regions and on oceanic islands, while data deficiency was highest in tropical areas, such as Central Africa and Southeast Asia, and among fossorial reptiles. Our results emphasise the need for research attention to be focussed on tropical areas which are experiencing the most dramatic rates of habitat loss, on fossorial reptiles for which there is a chronic lack of data, and on certain taxa such as snakes for which extinction risk may currently be underestimated due to lack of population information. Conservation actions specifically need to mitigate the effects of human-induced habitat loss and harvesting, which are the predominant threats to reptiles.

Factores que inciden en la calidad de los cueros en el municipio de León

En el presente trabajo, se estudió la situación existente, con respecto a los factores que influyen sobre la calidad de los cueros en las ternerias artesanales, semindustriales e industriales en el municipio de León específicamente en el barrio de El Laborío, ubicada en la zona Noroeste de dicho. Municipio. Esto se analizó a través de encuesta realizada con los teneros, realizando un muestreo en base a 25 cueros o 50 tiras para lo cual se escogieron las siguientes variables: perdidas por Torsalo, Pérdidas por Garrapata, Pérdidas por Cuchillo de Rastro, Pérdidas por Procesos Químicos, Pérdidas por Mal Salados, pérdidas por Herraje, perdidas por Procesos en Tenerlas:(procesos de Descarne, Descodado, Golpes de Divididas, Golpes de Batán, Exceso de Recorte). El análisis estadístico utilizado fue la estadística descriptiva.. Además, que se tomaron en este estudio el l00% de las tenerías que existen en el municipio de León de las cuales se analizaron las variables antes mencionadas, de las que resulto que las tenerías Industriales utilizan mayor número de procesos, pero con menor tiempo de elaboración, 82 horas; las tenerías artesanales son afectadas por mayor cantidad de factores con 10; Existen solamente cuatro criterios de para la compra del cuero crudo en las tenerías Artesanales: El departamento de Masaya es donde mayormente se comercializa la mayoría de los productos elaborado por las diferentes tenerías; Las pérdidas económicas al año en los terneros industriales es de U$ 59,626.80. mientras que en las tenerías Semindustriales es de U$ 74 327.33, y por ultimo las tenerlas Artesanales pierden U $ 277.297.71 para un total de pérdidas al País de U$ 411,251.84 al año, que equivale al 58 por ciento de las exportaciones anuales en el País.