青海栽培何首乌不同部位中蒽醌类成分的测定

用高效液相色谱法测定青海栽培何首乌中的主要有效成分大黄素、大黄素甲醚等蒽醌类成分。采用kromasil C18柱（4．6mm i．d．×250mm，5μm）；V（甲醇）：V（水）：V（H3PO4）=750：250：0．001为流动相，检测波长为254nm，流速为1mL／min，进样量10μL。用此方法测定青海栽培何首乌不同部位中的蒽醌类成分，大黄素和大黄素甲醚达到基线分离，线性范围分别为0．094～1．50／μg（r=0．9992），0．094～1．50／μg（r=0．9997），回收率分别为大黄素95％、大黄素甲醚102％。实验发现青海栽培何首乌块根中大黄素和大黄素甲醚成分较藤、叶中高，大黄素含量比大黄素甲醚含量高。

巨穗小麦种质株高的基因定位

巨穗小麦新种质材料是一种有茎杆粗壮、叶片短宽直立、大穗、大粒 、高结实率等特点的种质资源。本研究应用单体分析和双端体分析方法对“241”材料进行了遗传学研究。结果表明，小麦新种质材料“241”的1A、3A、5A和4B染色体上具有控制株高的隐性基因，6B染色体上具有控制株高的显性基因，其中3A、5A和6B染色体上的基因表现为强效，1A和4B染色体上的基因表现为弱效。通过双端体分析进一步将控制株高的基因定位到1AS、3AS、5AL和4BL上。

Effect of microwave treatment on chemical composition and in sacco digestibility of wheat straw in yak cow

Wheat straw was treated with microwave for 4 min and 8 min at a power of 750 W and frequency of 2,450 MHz. Chemical compositions of untreated, 4 min treated and 8 min treated Straws were analyzed and in sacco degradabilities of all these straws in yak rumens were measured. Microwave treatment didn't significantly (p > 0.05) affect the chemical composition of the straw. In sacco dry matter (DM) degradability of the straw after 18 h incubation in rumen was significantly (p < 0.01) improved by microwave treatment. In sacco crude protein (CP) degradability of the straw was not (p > 0.05) affected by microwave treatment. In sacco organic matter (OM) degradability of the straw was increased (p < 0.01) by around 20% for both the 4 min and 8 min microwave treatment, that of acid detergent fibre (ADF) was increased (p < 0.01) by 61.6% and 62.8%, and that of ash free ADF was enhanced by 72.1% and 69.6% for the 4 min and 8 min microwave treatment respectively. No significant difference was observed between the 4 min and 8 min microwave treatment on the degradability of DM, OM, CP, ADF and ash-free ADF of the straw.

基于启发式节点增强策略的PRM路径规划方法

针对一般的PRM方法用于移动机器人对复杂地形路径搜索存在的缺陷 ,本文对PRM方法进行了改进 ,提出了一套基于启发式的节点增强的策略 ,提高了PRM方法节点增强阶段对环境的适应性 .此外 ,本文建立了相应的仿真实验系统对策略的有效性进行了实验与分析

中祁连花岗岩年代学、地球化学及其构造意义

The Qilian Orogenic Belts had undergone very complicated evolutional histories and play an important role in understanding the tectonic evolutions of old terrains in northwestern China, in which granitiods formed during Proterozoic-early Mesozoic are widely outcropped. Detailed studies of these granitiods can shed some light on the tectonic evolution of this region. In this thesis, we have conducted geochronological and geochemical studies on eight selected granitic plutons to unravel their emplacement ages and petrogenesis. Furthermore, their tectonic implications were also discussed based on these results. In Neo-Proterozoic, our results suggest that two stages of magmatic activities were taken place in Central Qilian Block, GroupⅠ(750-790Ma) and Group Ⅱ(845－ 930Ma). In Neo-Paleozoic, most granitic plutons were emplaced from Ordovician to Devonian, whereas granitiods with Triassic ages have also been discovered in South Qilian Belt. Inherited zircons with old ages of 1.7Ga, 2.1Ga and 2.7Ga have also been obtained in our study. Geochemical studies suggest that the Proterzoic granites were produced under high pressures and low temperatures from metamorphosed protolith rocks with compostions from basic to intermediate. This implies that some hot sources were underplated beneath lithosophere via mantle-derived magmatism. In combination with regional geological data, we propose that the Cental Qilian block was an old arc terrene during Precambrian, and two stage granitoids were formed under a back-arc extensional setting. Granitic rocks emplaced in early Paleozoic belong to strong peraluminous S-type granites, which were derived from metagreywacke having strong relationships with collisional process. Together with previous data, our results indicate that granitoids in Qilian Orogenic Belt formed during early Paleozoic have different petrogenesis and emplaced ages, which reflect that Qilian Orogenic Belt had underwent complicated multi-stage subduction-collusional processes in early Paleozoic. On the other hand, granitic rocks in South Qilian Belt with Triassic ages were formed by subduction of East Kulun during early Paleozoic-Late Mesozoic, which represent another orogenic episode in the northern margin of Tibetan Plateau.

荣成基底片麻岩原岩岩石成因及其构造意义

Extensive high to ultrahigh pressure metamorphic rocks are outcropped in the the Dabie-Sulu UHP orogenic belt. Disputes still exist about for protolith nature of metamorphic rocks, petrogenesis, tectonic setting, and influence on upper mantle during the Triassic deep subduction. In this study, a combined study of petrology, geochemistry, isotope geochemistry and zircon chronology was accomplished for high-grade gneisses in the basement of the ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic Rongcheng terrane to reveal protolith nature and petrogenesis of the gneisses and to disucss the magmatic succession along the northern margin of the Yangtze block in Neoproterozoic. Gneisses in the Rongcheng terrane are characterized by negative Nb, Ta, P and Ti anomalies, relatively low Sr/Y ratios and relatively high Ba/La, Ba/Nb and Ba/Zr ratios, mostly displaying geochemical affinity to Phanerozoic volcanic arc. Neoproterozoic protolith ages (0.7 ~ 0.8 Ga) and Paleoproterozoic average crustal residence time (1.92 ~ 2.21 Ga) favour a Yangtze affinity. The gneisses mostly display characteristics of enrichment of LREE, flat heavy rare earth elements (REE) patterns, moderately fractionation between LREE and HREE and slight negative or positive Eu anomalies, probably reflecting that melting took place in the middle to low crust (26 ~ 33 km), where amphibole fractionated from the melts and/or inherited from source material as major mineral phases in the source area. Sr-Nd isotopic composition of the gneisses supports this conclusion. According to εNd(t) and εHf(t) values, the gneisses can be divided into three groups. Gneisses of group I have the highest εNd(t) and εHf(t) values, corresponding to the range of -6 ~ -3 and -2.9 ~ 13.4, respectively. This suggests obvious influx of depleted mantle or juvenile crust in the formation of protoliths. Gneisses of group II have medium εNd(t) (-9 ~ -7) and εHf(t) values (-15.8 ~ -1.4), corresponding to relatively high TDM2(Nd) (1.99 ~ 2.31 Ga) and TDM2(Hf) (1.76 ~ 2.67 Ga) , respectively. This suggests these gneisses were formed by partial melting of Paleoproterozoic crust. Gneisses of group III have the lowest εNd(t) (-15 ~ -10) and εHf(t) values (-15.8 ~ -1.4), corresponding to the largest TDM2(Nd) (1.99 ~ 2.31 Ga) and TDM2(Hf) ( 1.76 ~ 2.67 Ga), respectively. This indicates that gneisses of group III were formed by remelting of Archean crustal material and further demonstrates existence of an Archean basement probably of the Yangtze affinity beneath the Rongcheng terrane. Gneisses of three groups have also certain different geochemical characteristics. Contents of REEs and trace elements reduce gradually from group I to group III. Zirconium saturation temperatures also show similar tendency. Compared to gneisses of group II and group III, gneisses of group I display geochemical feature similar to extensional tectonic setting, having relatively little influence by the source area. Therefore, geochemical characteristics for gneisses of group I can indictate that the protoliths of the Rongcheng gneisses formed in an extensional rifting tectonic setting. This conclusion is supported by the results of eclogites and gabbros previously reported in the Dabie-Sulu orogenic belt. Statistical results of the protolith ages of the Rongcheng gneisses show two age peaks around ~728 Ma and ~783 Ma with an about 50 Ma gap. Extensive magatism in abou 750 Ma along the northern margin of the Yangtze block can hardly be observed in the Rongcheng terrane. This phenomenon likely suggests discontinuous Neoproterozoic magmatism along the northern margin of the Yangtze block.

华南地壳岩石弹性和变形性质的高温高压实验研究

The South continent of China lies to southeast of Eurasia block. It is an active area from the view of crust growth and continent spread and is a transition zone between continental crust and oceanic crust. The compressional wave velocities and anisotropies of typical crustal metamorphic rocks were determined at high temperature (up to 1000 ℃) and high pressure(up to 800MPa). The experimental results show that the velocities generally increase with pressure, and is unaffected by temperature up to around 550 ℃. But the velocities of all experimental samples start to drop above a temperature point. For an example, this greatly reduce the speed of wave propagation in amphibolite and serpentinite above 760 ℃ and above 550 ℃ respectively, which may be due to dehydrate of amphibole and serpentine. P-wave anisotropy coefficients of those rocks range from 2% to 10% at 800MPa and 500 ℃. The anisotropies decrease with increasing pressure at room temperature, but hardly change as function of temperature at constant 800MPa or 600MPa pressure. The average velocity of the six crustal rocks is 6.28km/s under the condition of 800MPa and 550 ℃, which is consistent with the result of deep seismic sounding data. Based on this experimental result, we deduce there may exist a lot of felsic granulites and amphibolites at the depth of 15-25km underground. With increasing temperature and pressure, the deformation behavior of the rocks undergoes from localized brittle fracture, semi-brittle deformation (cataclastic flow or semi-brittle faulting, semi-brittle flow) to homogeneous crystal-plastic flow. This transition is associated with mechanical behavior and micro-mechanism. It is very important to understanding earthquake source mechanics, the strength of the lithosphere and the style of deformation. The experiments were conducted at temperature of 600-1000 ℃, confining pressure of 500MPa, and stain rates of 10~(-4)-10~(-6) S~(-1). For fine-grained natural amphibolite, the results of experiments show that brittle faulting is major failure mode at temperature <600 ℃, but crystal-plastic deformation is dominate at temperature >800 ℃, and there is a transition with increasing temperature from sembrittle faulting to cataclastic flow and sembrittle flow at temperature of 670-750 ℃. For medium-grained natural Felsic granulite, the results of experiments show that brittle faulting is major failure mode at temperature <500 ℃, but crystal-plastic deformation is dominate at temperature >700 ℃, and there is a transition with increasing temperature from semibrittle faulting to cataclastic flow and sembrittle flow at temperature of 500-600 ℃.

塔里木盆地奥陶系不整合面岩溶作用特征与油气储层研究

Based on the principle and methods of carbonate sedimentology and reservoir geology, and guided by the theories of carbonate reservoir geology, the palaeokarst of Ordovician carbonate rocks in Tarim Basin has been comprehensively studied with multiple methods from different branches of geology. It is indicated that the features and distribution of palaeokarstification have developed in Ordovician carbonates. The controlling of karstification to Ordovician carbonate reservoirs has been discussed. Regional distribution of carbonate reservoirs controlled by karstification has been predicted within this basin. The main consents and conclusions of the this dissertation is as follows: Nine key indicators to the recognition of palaeokarst are proposed in terms of careful observation upon the well cores, lithological and geochemical analyses, and drilling and logging responses to the karst caves and fractures. The time and environment of cave filling are documented from careful research of lithofacies, mineralogy, and geochemistry of the physical and chemical fillings within karst caves. The caves in Ordovician carbonates were filled in Early Carboniferous in Lunnan area. The muddy filling in upper caves was deposited under subaerial fresh-water setting, while the muddy filling in lower caves was formed in the mixed water body of fresh-water and dominated sea water. Although most chemical fillings are suggested being precipated in the burial diagenetic environment after karstification but mineralogic and geochemical characteristics of some chemical fillings indicates they formed in meteoric environment during the karstification. It is obvious that the palaeokarst has been zoned in vertical profile. It can be divided into four units from top to bottom: surface karst, vadose karst, phreatic and tranquil flow zones. Between two types of limestone karst and dolostone karst are firstly differentiated in Tarim Basin, based on the comparison of features of each karst zone in limestone and dolostone regions. In Tabei area, the lowest depth of karstification is approximately 300 m below the Upper Ordovician unconformity interface, while the bottom depth of karstification in Tazhong area ranges commonly from 300 to 400 m, in rare cases may be up to 750 m below the upper Ordovician unconformity interface. In Lunnan and Tazhong areas, the palaeokarst morphology and the surface hydrosystem are firstly reconstructed based on the top of carboniferous "Shuangfeng limestone bed (Double-Peaks limestone)" as basal. According to the palaeomorphologic feature, karst topography can be divided into three units: karst upland, karst slope, and karst valley. Vadose zone was well developed in karst upland, and it can be found in a quite depth. Both vadose and phreatic zones were well developed in karst slope and upstream valley. In downstream valley, the karstification is not strong, the vadose and phreatic zones are thin in thickness. In Tazhong and Yingmaili areas, karstification is also developed in relict carbonate palaeo-hills which existed as isolated blocks admits clastic strata.

水对辉绿岩脆延性转化的影响

Transition from brittle fracture to ductile creep of the Gaojiabian diabase is investigated as a function of temperature and water content. Experiments are conducted at 500 MPa confining pressure, with strain rate being 1 * 10~(-4) and temperature from 300 ℃ to 800 ℃. The transition from semibrittle to ductile flow of dry diabase occurs at temperatures between 700 ℃ and 750 ℃, while the transition of wet diabase takes place at about 500 ℃. The transition temperature in the wet diabase is about 200 ℃ lower than in the dry diabase. The strength of both dry and wet samples is temperature insensitive in brittle-semibrittle regime and temperature sensitive in ductile regime. At the same conditions, water within the sample could weaken the strength of wet samples. The microstructures of dry and wet samples are different. In experimental conditions, feldspars show two different deformation mechanisms, the first acting in brittle and semibrittle regime and the second acting in plastic regime, and water must have greatly affected the two mechanisms. Strength of pyroxene is lower than that of feldspar at low temperature. Pyroxene can be transformed to hornblende in deformation process and this transformation is quite temperature and water dependent. Feldspar plays a key role in the deformation in its first mechanism regime, and no dominant minerals are identified in the second mechanism regime of feldspar. The result of FTIR analysis show that water exists in wet sample in the form of -OH.

胶东昆嵛山复式花岗岩体的演化—岩石学和锆石U-Pb年代学研究

Kunyushan composite granite pluton is located in northeast part of the Sulu UHP collisional belt, Jiaodong peninsula, eastern China. It is regarded as the boundary of the Jiaodong block and the Sulu UHP collisional belt. The body is unique in the Dabieshan-Sulu UHP collisional orogen for its feature of multiple intrusions of diverse types granitoid rocks in a long span after UHP the collision between the North China and the Yangtze plates in late Triassic. It can be grouped into four series on the basis of petrology and petrochemistry. They are mid-K calc-alkaline granitoids, strongly peraluminous granites, high-K calc-alkaline granitoids and syenitic granite of shoshonitic series. In this thesis, the later three types of rocks are investigated geochronologically in detail. The grain zircon U-Pb isotope dilution dating technique has been employed in this study. Zircon morphology are presented and discussion on the chemical and physical conditions of the granite formation have been carried out in addtion. Strongly peraluminous granites comprises foliated monzogranite and garnet bearing leucogranite. They occupy more than half of the area of the Kunyushan composite body. Three zircon samples of foliated monzogranites have been analyzed, they yield lower intercept ages mainly in the range of 140-150 Ma. The formation of these rocks was likely to be at 700-600 ℃, implied by zircon morphology. Two zircon samples of the garnet bearing leucogranite yield lower intercept ages from 130 Ma to 140 Ma. Zircon morphology indicate that the liquidus temperature of the magma was about 750 °C. Syenitic granite of shoshonitic series occur in the north central part of the body, and the volume is quite small contrast to other types. One zircon sample was chosen from this rock, and yield lower intercept age of 121+1.8/-2.1 Ma. Zircon morphology indicate that the liquidus temperature of this rock is up to 900 °C, which is much higher than others'. High-K calc-alkaline granitoids can be divided into two types on the basis of rock texture and structure. One is Kf-porphyritic monzogranite. It's outcrop is quite small. Zircon ages of one sample constrain the emplacement of this rock at about 112 Ma. The other is medium-grain to coarse-grain monzogranite. Zircons from it yield lower intercept age of 100.5+2.9/-4.6 Ma. The variation of zircon morphology suggest that these two monzogranites were outcomes of a single magma at different stage. The former emplaced earlier than the latter. The liquidus temperature of the magma was about 800 ℃ Inherited zircon is ubiquitous in the Kunyushan composite body. Most of the samples yield upper intercept ages of late Proterozoic. It was considered that only the Yangtze plate underwent a crustal growth during late Proterozoic among the two plates which involved into the UHP collision. Inherited zircon of about 200 Ma can also be observed in strongly peraluminous and high-K calc-alkaline granitoids. Two samples out of eight yield upper intercept ages of Achaean.

高温高压下部分熔融岩石和岩石玻璃弹性波速研究

人类对地球深部结构的认识主要依赖于天然地震的观测资料，高温高压下矿物、岩石和岩浆玻璃的弹性波速测量，是对野外地震波探测资料进行物质反演的重要依据，也为建立地球内部结构模型和地球动力学研究提供重要的实验数据。大量研究证实，高温高压下岩石的部分熔融将形成地震波低速层。然而，前人的研究中，多以岩石的纵波波速（Vp）测量结果来讨论区域地壳结构和低速层的成因，而且很少对实验过程中的中间产物进行观察分析。另一方面，由于玻璃在高温高压下具有特殊的弹性性质，一些科学家推测地球内部岩石的非晶质化也将导致地震波低速层形成。但目前这一推测尚缺乏充分的实验数据支持。为此，作者依托YJ-3000吨大腔体高压实验技术平台，利用脉冲反射法和透射－反射法，完成了： （Ⅰ）三江地区花岗岩和角闪斜长片麻岩在最高压力2.0GPa、最高温度1200℃下的纵波波速（Vp）和最高温度600℃下的横波波速（Vs）研究，并通过岩石物态变化过程中的取样实验，综合探讨岩石中矿物脱水、固－固相变、部分熔融对其弹性波速的影响。获得以下主要结论： ① 花岗岩和角闪斜长片麻岩的Vp和Vs随压力及温度的变化趋势基本一致。室温下岩石的Vp和Vs随压力升高而升高，岩石波速具明显的各向异性，而且其各向异性随压力增大到约0.5GPa后逐渐趋于一恒定值； ② 恒定压力下，岩石的Vp和Vs首先随温度升高近线性缓慢降低，当750℃ 950℃后，石英相变完成，岩石的波速由于熔体含量增加又快速降低； ③ 高温高压下岩石的Vp和Vs研究显示了对三江地区地壳结构一致的约束结果，即该区花岗岩主要分布在上地壳，而角闪斜长片麻岩从上地壳底部到中地壳底部均有分布，这一结果与前人利用Vp研究建立的该区地壳模型基本一致； ④ 在三江地区中上地壳高石英含量的岩石中，石英的α－β相变是地壳地震波低速层形成的主要因素，而随岩石中石英含量的变化，高温高压下岩石的部分熔融及岩石的波速各向异性也可能形成低速层。 （Ⅱ）化学成分从基性到酸性的7种岩石的熔体玻璃在1.0GPa和2.0GPa，最高温度1000℃下的Vp研究和最高温度730℃下的Vs研究。获得以下主要结论： ① 与岩石波速随压力增大而增大不同，室温、0.4－2.0GPa压力下，除两种基性岩石（正长辉石岩和粗面玄武岩）的熔体玻璃外，其它5种中酸性岩石的熔体玻璃的Vp均随压力增大而减小，而这7种玻璃的Vs全部随压力增大而减小。而且，玻璃波速随压力增加而异常降低的幅度随样品中SiO2含量的增高逐渐增大； ② 恒定压力下，随实验温度升高，各种玻璃的弹性波速缓慢降低。当温度高于玻璃转变温度Tg后，玻璃弹性波速的温度系数（∂V/∂T）增大约3倍以上； ③ 研究证实了一种新的地震波低速层成因模式，即上地幔岩石中如果含有超过10vol％的玄武岩玻璃，将会形成地震波低速层；假如下地壳基性岩石中中酸性非晶质体含量超过20vol％，也可能导致地壳低速层的形成。

富磷过铝质岩浆体系的实验研究

富磷过铝质岩浆是过铝质岩浆体系中的一个重要类型，它通常以富P，高ASI[铝饱和指数，Al2O3/(Na2O+K2O+CaO)摩尔比值]，贫Fe、Mg、Ca，强烈亏损REE、Th、Y，与稀有金属(W、Sn、Be、Nb、Ta)矿化具有成因联系为特征。富磷过铝质岩浆体系的性状及其演化的地球化学特征、岩浆液态分离、磷酸盐-硅酸盐矿物对平衡对熔体相中磷的制约以及富磷过铝质岩浆－热液体系中微量元素(包括REE)地球化学行为等科学问题尚未得到系统解决，目前更缺乏实验地球化学的直接证据。对上述科学问题的研究、探索，将有助于了解富磷过铝质岩浆体系形成和演化的地球化学特征，有助于揭示磷对微量元素(包括稀有、稀土元素)地球化学行为的影响，这对于理解过铝质岩浆体系成岩、成矿作用过程具有重要的理论和实际意义。 本文以天然钠长花岗岩为初始物，针对上述内容，开展了不同PTX条件下高温高压下实验研究，获得了如下重要认识： 1) 确定了100 MPa条件下磷对过铝质岩浆液相线温度的影响。随着体系中P2O5的含量增大，液相线温度由1.91 wt%P2O5的780 C降至4.83 wt%P2O5的760C、7.71 wt%P2O5的740 C，即体系中每增加1 wt%P2O5，液相线温度降低约7~10 C； 2) 不同PTX条件下的实验产物中均未见不混溶球粒结构、乳滴结构或流动构造，初步推断富磷过铝质岩浆体系中可能不存在单纯由磷引起的岩浆液态分离现象； 3) 锰铝榴石-磷灰石矿物平衡反应制约着形成过铝质初始岩浆中P2O5含量，熔体相中P2O5含量在750 C的0.47~0.80 wt%、830 C的0.35~2.26 wt%范围内。熔体相中的P2O5含量与ASI之间存在二次函数关系(P2O5 wt%=3.5×ASI2-11.3×ASI+9.5 )。锰铝榴石溶解，促使体系中Al2O3活度增大，含锰氟磷灰石的溶解及其端元磷灰石结晶之间的化学平衡，导致熔体相中P2O5的降低，很可能是熔体中P2O5随体系ASI增大而降低的机制。 4) 不同PTX条件下稀有金属元素(W、Sn、Be、Nb、Ta)在流体/熔体相间的分配系数(Dif/m)<<0.1，预示着W、Sn、Be、Nb、Ta强烈富集在富磷过铝质熔体相中。由此，可推测富P过铝质岩浆体系的演化晚期，不太可能分异出富含上述成矿元素的成矿流体。随着岩浆分异演化的进行，残余熔体相中最终导致绿柱石、锆石、锡石、铌钽矿物等矿物饱和结晶，形成有经济意义的花岗岩型或伟晶岩型稀有金属矿床。 5) 不同PTX条件下REE在流体/熔体间的分配系数(DREE)随REE的原子序数增大而逐渐降低，构成右倾的平滑曲线，不存在在Nd-Pm、Gd、Ho-Er处的拐点；Y与Ho在流体/熔体相间分配系数的比值(DY/DHo)约为1，不受体系温度、压力和P2O5含量变化的影响。上述实验结果揭示，富磷过铝质量岩浆演化至岩浆-热液过渡阶段，熔体-流体作用不会导致Y-Ho间的分异，不会引起REE间的分异，因此，富磷过铝质岩浆演化晚期的熔体-流体作用过程不可能是产生稀土“四分组”效应的根本机理。

高温高压下花岗闪长质熔体结晶作用的实验研究

岩浆的分离结晶作用是岩浆演化的重要过程，与许多火成岩石的形成密切相关。自二十世纪50年代以来，采用实验手段研究岩浆的形成、演化一直受到地质学家的高度重视。 本文在0.5-2.0GPa、650-750℃和一定水含量条件下，以东准噶尔花岗闪长岩为初始物，进行了花岗闪长质岩浆结晶作用的实验研究。其结果可为东准噶尔地区A型花岗岩的成因提供一定的实验依据。通过对实验产物详细的岩相学观察和电子探针分析，获得以下主要认识： （1）熔体的含水量对矿物开始结晶的温度和晶出矿物的形状、颗粒大小有重要影响。相同时间内熔体含水量高时结晶出的矿物自形程度更好、粒度增大；随着熔体含水量的增加，斜长石的液相线温度降低；保持熔体含水量不变的情况下，随着压力的增加斜长石从熔体中结晶的温度降低。 （2）在压力为0.5GPa、熔体水饱和的条件下，花岗闪长质熔体中斜长石在675℃时开始结晶。结晶的斜长石与原岩的斜长石相比，其成分相对富钠长石而贫钙长石。在温度和熔体水含量一定的条件下，从花岗闪长质熔体中晶出的斜长石随着压力的增加，其钙长石组分增加。 （3）实验产物中的角闪石属于钙角闪石类，具体以普通角闪石为主。与初始花岗闪长岩的角闪石相比，实验产物的角闪石SiO2含量低，Fe3+很少。结晶形成的黑云母为铁叶云母，在2.0GPa压力时没有黑云母晶出而出现多硅白云母。 （4）花岗闪长质熔体发生矿物结晶后的残余熔体的成分受温度、压力和含水量的变化而变化。残余熔体中SiO2含量随着矿物从熔体中结晶程度的增加而升高。与无斜长石结晶的情况相比，有斜长石结晶时残余熔体的SiO2含量要高。在Na2O+K2O-CaO、FeO/(FeO+MgO)分别与SiO2的协变图中，残余熔体成分均落入A型花岗岩区，反映了它们与A型花岗岩在主量元素组成上的近似。因此，本文的实验证明，东准噶尔地区的A型花岗岩浆可以通过花岗闪长质岩浆发生角闪石、黑云母、斜长石的分离结晶作用形成。

汶川地震后青少年创伤后应激障碍症状及其相关因素研究

The present paper studies focus on the symptoms of the post-traumatic stress disorder in adolescents post-disaster. 482 students from 6 secondary schools and 17 primary schools in the extremely severe disaster areas in Mianzhu, Sichuan province and 785 students from 3 primary schools and 9 secondary schools in the severe disaster areas in Baoji, Shaanxi respectively were surveyed on the symptoms of the post-traumatic stress disorder and the extent of disaster exposure after the Wenchuan earthquake. Self-compiled background information questionnaire and CRIES were used for the investigation. In this study, we contrast the extent of disaster exposure in the two areas in order to explore the related factors about the post-traumatic stress disorder in adolescent post-disaster. The main results of this paper can be summarized as follows： 1. There are significant positive corrections between the post-traumatic stress disorder and the extent of disaster exposure(get trapped in the earthquake、relatives and friends have been injured in the earthquake、look at relatives and friends dying in the earthquake).The more exposed in the disaster, the more serious symptom of the post-traumatic stress disorder. The trauma exposure indicators (get trapped in the earthquake, relatives and friends have been injured in the earthquake、look at relatives and friends dying in the earthquake)were all significant predictors for PTSD severity. 2. There are significant sex difference in the extent（F=8.750, p <0.05） and the incidence rate of PTSD（χ =20.735, df=5,p =0.001）, the extent and the incidence rate of girls in Mianzhu is significantly higher than that of boys. 3. The age is also an influence factor of PTSD. The extent （F=7.246, p <0.001）and the incidence rate （χ =20.735, df=5,p =0.001）of PTSD get higher as adolescent in Mianzhu get older. 4. As the extremely severe disaster areas, the extent of disaster exposure of Mianzhu areas significantly higher than that of the severe disaster areas Baoji. However, there are not difference in the extent of PTSD between two areas（t=0.181，df=1265,p=0.857）, there are only significant difference in the incidence rate of PTSD between two areas（χ =8.766，df=1,p=0.003）, the incidence rate of PTSD in Mianzhu areas significantly higher than that of Baoji areas.