汶川地震后青少年创伤后应激障碍症状及其相关因素研究

The present paper studies focus on the symptoms of the post-traumatic stress disorder in adolescents post-disaster. 482 students from 6 secondary schools and 17 primary schools in the extremely severe disaster areas in Mianzhu, Sichuan province and 785 students from 3 primary schools and 9 secondary schools in the severe disaster areas in Baoji, Shaanxi respectively were surveyed on the symptoms of the post-traumatic stress disorder and the extent of disaster exposure after the Wenchuan earthquake. Self-compiled background information questionnaire and CRIES were used for the investigation. In this study, we contrast the extent of disaster exposure in the two areas in order to explore the related factors about the post-traumatic stress disorder in adolescent post-disaster. The main results of this paper can be summarized as follows： 1. There are significant positive corrections between the post-traumatic stress disorder and the extent of disaster exposure(get trapped in the earthquake、relatives and friends have been injured in the earthquake、look at relatives and friends dying in the earthquake).The more exposed in the disaster, the more serious symptom of the post-traumatic stress disorder. The trauma exposure indicators (get trapped in the earthquake, relatives and friends have been injured in the earthquake、look at relatives and friends dying in the earthquake)were all significant predictors for PTSD severity. 2. There are significant sex difference in the extent（F=8.750, p <0.05） and the incidence rate of PTSD（χ =20.735, df=5,p =0.001）, the extent and the incidence rate of girls in Mianzhu is significantly higher than that of boys. 3. The age is also an influence factor of PTSD. The extent （F=7.246, p <0.001）and the incidence rate （χ =20.735, df=5,p =0.001）of PTSD get higher as adolescent in Mianzhu get older. 4. As the extremely severe disaster areas, the extent of disaster exposure of Mianzhu areas significantly higher than that of the severe disaster areas Baoji. However, there are not difference in the extent of PTSD between two areas（t=0.181，df=1265,p=0.857）, there are only significant difference in the incidence rate of PTSD between two areas（χ =8.766，df=1,p=0.003）, the incidence rate of PTSD in Mianzhu areas significantly higher than that of Baoji areas.

本文围绕灾后青少年的创伤后应激障碍（post-traumatic stress disorder，PTSD）症状情况展开调查研究，分别于2009年1月10日至20日与2009年3月20日至3月28日分层随机抽样调查了极重灾区四川绵竹的6所中学和17所小学482名学生和重灾区陕西宝鸡市陈仓区、凤翔县等3所小学和9所中学785名学生，利用自编背景资料和儿童事件冲击量表对其进行问卷调查。对两地青少年遭受的创伤暴露情况以及PTSD情况进行了详细的调查，并对两个受灾严重程度不同地区的受灾情况进行了对比，探讨影响灾后青少年PTSD的因素。 本文的主要结论是： 1．PTSD症状程度与创伤暴露程度（被困、亲友受伤、目睹死亡）正相关，创伤暴露程度越高，PTSD症状越严重。被困、亲友受伤和目睹死亡是PTSD症状的有力预测因素。 2. 绵竹青少年PTSD的症状严重程度和症状检出率存在显著的性别差异，女生的PTSD症状严重程度（F=8.750, p <0.05）和症状检出率（χ =12.941, df=1,p =0.000），均显著地高于男生。 3. 年龄也是影响PTSD的一个因素，绵竹青少年PTSD的症状严重程度（F=7.246, p <0.001）和症状检出率（χ =20.735, df=5,p =0.001）有随着年龄的增大而增高的趋势。 4. 作为极重灾区的四川绵竹虽然遭受的创伤暴露严重程度显著高于重灾区陕西宝鸡地区，但是两地在PTSD症状严重程度（t=0.181，df=1265,p=0.857）上差异并不显著，只在PTSD症状检出率（χ =8.766，df=1,p=0.003）上差异显著，绵竹地区的PTSD症状检出率显著高于宝鸡地区。