Prospectiva estrat??gica: instrumento para a constru????o do futuro e para a elabora????o de pol??ticas p??blicas

A prospectiva estrat??gica aparece como ferramenta que, apoiada nos instrumentos de an??lise econ??mica e social existentes e em t??cnicas espec??ficas, como o Delphi, a constru????o de cen??rios, a matriz de impactos cruzados e outras, possibilita ???vis??es de futuro???, que permitir??o a elabora????o de pol??ticas p??blicas que visem ?? constru????o de futuro desej??vel. Este trabalho pressup??e um Estado formulador de pol??ticas p??blicas e detentor de instrumentos de planejamento, o que nos remete a um vi??s ideol??gico: de que, no capitalismo contempor??neo, Estado e mercado coordenem os sistemas econ??micos, conforme explicitado no Plano Diretor da Reforma do Aparelho de Estado (Governo Federal, Brasil, 1995). S?? a aceita????o dessa hip??tese pode supor a exist??ncia e a necessidade de pol??ticas p??blicas, remetendo-nos o campo da ideologia e contrapondo-nos ao liberalismo.

Determining factors of environmental management practices in portuguese local entities

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to analyse the development of environmental management practices by Portuguese local entities and their determining factors. Design/methodology/approach: The data were collected by sending a postal questionnaire. In order to measure the degree of development of environmental management practices an index of environmental management practices (EMPI) was developed, which reflects the extent to which a set of 16 environmental management practices have been implemented by the entities included in the sample. Four variables are considered in this study as possible factors that drive the development of environmental management practices by local entities, namely type of entity, size, proactive environmental strategy and Local Agenda 21 Findings: Results indicate the degree of development of environmental management practices in Portuguese local entities is low. Additionally, entity size, the adoption of proactive environmental strategies and the implementation of Local Agenda 21 are explaining factors of the degree of development of such practices. Originality/value: This study adds to the international research on environmental management in public sector by providing empirical data from a country, Portugal, where empirical evidence is still relatively limited.

Determining factors of environmental management practices in portuguese local entities

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyse the development of environmental management practices by Portuguese local entities and their determining factors. Design/methodology/approach – The data were collected by sending a postal questionnaire. In order to measure the degree of development of environmental management practices, an index of environmental management practices (EMPI) was developed, which reflects the extent to which a set of 16 environmental management practices have been implemented by the entities included in the sample. In total, four variables are considered in this study as possible factors that drive the development of environmental management practices by local entities: type of entity; size; proactive environmental strategy; and Local Agenda 21. Findings – Results indicate the degree of development of environmental management practices in Portuguese local entities is low. Additionally, entity size, the adoption of proactive environmental strategies and the implementation of Local Agenda 21 are explaining factors of the degree of development of such practices. Originality/value – The paper adds to the international research on environmental management in the public sector by providing empirical data from a country, Portugal, where empirical evidence is still relatively limited.

Fast optimum-predictive control and capacitor voltage balancing strategy for bipolar back-to-back NPC converters in high-voltage direct current transmission systems

Multilevel power converters have been introduced as the solution for high-power high-voltage switching applications where they have well-known advantages. Recently, full back-to-back connected multilevel neutral point diode clamped converters (NPC converter) have been used inhigh-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems. Bipolar-connected back-to-back NPC converters have advantages in long-distance HVDCtransmission systems over the full back-to-back connection, but greater difficulty to balance the dc capacitor voltage divider on both sending and receiving end NPC converters. This study shows that power flow control and dc capacitor voltage balancing are feasible using fast optimum-predictive-based controllers in HVDC systems using bipolar back-to-back-connected five-level NPC multilevel converters. For both converter sides, the control strategytakes in account active and reactive power, which establishes ac grid currents in both ends, and guarantees the balancing of dc bus capacitor voltages inboth NPC converters. Additionally, the semiconductor switching frequency is minimised to reduce switching losses. The performance and robustness of the new fast predictive control strategy, and its capability to solve the DC capacitor voltage balancing problem of bipolar-connected back-to-back NPCconverters are evaluated.

HVDC transmission systems: Bipolar back-to-back diode clamped multilevel converter with fastoptimum-predictive control and capacitor balancing strategy

Voltage source multilevel power converter structures are being considered for high power high voltage applications where they have well known advantages. Recently, full back-to-back connected multilevel neutral diode clamped converters (NPC) have been used in high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems. Bipolar back-to-back connection of NPCs have advantages in long distance HVDC transmission systems, but highly increased difficulties to balance the dc capacitor voltage dividers on both sending and receiving end NPCs. This paper proposes a fast optimum-predictive controller to balance the dc capacitor voltages and to control the power flow in a long distance HVDCsystem using bipolar back-to-back connected NPCs. For both converter sides, the control strategy considers active and reactive power to establish ac grid currents on sending and receiving ends, while guaranteeing the balancing of both NPC dc bus capacitor voltages. Furthermore, the fast predictivecontroller minimizes the semiconductor switching frequency to reduce global switching losses. The performance and robustness of the new fast predictive control strategy and the associated dc capacitors voltage balancing are evaluated. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A study on dynamic state information (DSI) around users for safe urban life

To select each node by devices and by contexts in urban computing, users have to put their plan information and their requests into a computing environment (ex. PDA, Smart Devices, Laptops, etc.) in advance and they will try to keep the optimized states between users and the computing environment. However, because of bad contexts, users may get the wrong decision, so, one of the users’ demands may be requesting the good server which has higher security. To take this issue, we define the structure of Dynamic State Information (DSI) which takes a process about security including the relevant factors in sending/receiving contexts, which select the best during user movement with server quality and security states from DSI. Finally, whenever some information changes, users and devices get the notices including security factors, then an automatic reaction can be possible; therefore all users can safely use all devices in urban computing.

Controlador Boundary-Scan

A crescente complexidade dos sistemas electrónicos associada a um desenvolvimento nas tecnologias de encapsulamento levou à miniaturização dos circuitos integrados, provocando dificuldades e limitações no diagnóstico e detecção de falhas, diminuindo drasticamente a aplicabilidade dos equipamentos ICT. Como forma de lidar com este problema surgiu a infra-estrutura Boundary Scan descrita na norma IEEE1149.1 “Test Access Port and Boundary-Scan Architecture”, aprovada em 1990. Sendo esta solução tecnicamente viável e interessante economicamente para o diagnóstico de defeitos, efectua também outras aplicações. O SVF surgiu do desejo de incutir e fazer com que os fornecedores independentes incluíssem a norma IEEE 1149.1, é desenvolvido num formato ASCII, com o objectivo de enviar sinais, aguardar pela sua resposta, segundo a máscara de dados baseada na norma IEEE1149.1. Actualmente a incorporação do Boundary Scan nos circuitos integrados está em grande expansão e consequentemente usufrui de uma forte implementação no mercado. Neste contexto o objectivo da dissertação é o desenvolvimento de um controlador boundary scan que implemente uma interface com o PC e possibilite o controlo e monitorização da aplicação de teste ao PCB. A arquitectura do controlador desenvolvido contém um módulo de Memória de entrada, um Controlador TAP e uma Memória de saída. A implementação do controlador foi feita através da utilização de uma FPGA, é um dispositivo lógico reconfiguráveis constituído por blocos lógicos e por uma rede de interligações, ambos configuráveis, que permitem ao utilizador implementar as mais variadas funções digitais. A utilização de uma FPGA tem a vantagem de permitir a versatilidade do controlador, facilidade na alteração do seu código e possibilidade de inserir mais controladores dentro da FPGA. Foi desenvolvido o protocolo de comunicação e sincronização entre os vários módulos, permitindo o controlo e monitorização dos estímulos enviados e recebidos ao PCB, executados automaticamente através do software do Controlador TAP e de acordo com a norma IEEE 1149.1. A solução proposta foi validada por simulação utilizando o simulador da Xilinx. Foram analisados todos os sinais que constituem o controlador e verificado o correcto funcionamento de todos os seus módulos. Esta solução executa todas as sequências pretendidas e necessárias (envio de estímulos) à realização dos testes ao PCB. Recebe e armazena os dados obtidos, enviando-os posteriormente para a memória de saída. A execução do trabalho permitiu concluir que os projectos de componentes electrónicos tenderão a ser descritos num nível de abstracção mais elevado, recorrendo cada vez mais ao uso de linguagens de hardware, no qual o VHDL é uma excelente ferramenta de programação. O controlador desenvolvido será uma ferramenta bastante útil e versátil para o teste de PCBs e outras funcionalidades disponibilizadas pelas infra-estruturas BS.

O Balanced Scorecard no contexto das empresas cotadas no mercado de ações da EuroNext Lisboa

Mestrado em Contabilidade e Análise Financeira

Resposta contextual automática a mensagens electrónicas

A evolução tecnológica, associada às mudanças sociais a que temos assistido, nomeadamente nas últimas décadas, originou mudanças significativas na forma como os utentes interagem com as instituições, passando a privilegiar a utilização de meios electrónicos, tais como as mensagens de correio electrónico, em detrimento de formas mais tradicionais, como a carta e o telefone. Neste contexto, sendo o ISEP uma instituição de ensino superior que alberga milhares de alunos e recebe centenas de novos alunos todos os anos, necessita de ter condições para que possa responder de forma atempada às inúmeras mensagens de correio electrónico que recebe. Esta necessidade fez com que surgisse um projecto, de nome SiRAC, que servisse para auxiliar na resposta a essas mensagens. O SiRAC tem como objectivo responder a mensagens de correio electrónico de forma automática. De salientar que se admite não ser possível responder a todas as mensagens, privilegiando-se aquelas que são recorrentemente colocadas à Divisão Académica. Assim será possível encurtar o tempo de comunicação entre os diversos intervenientes, criando uma relação mais próxima entre o ISEP e o público que o contacta. O SiRAC analisa as mensagens e procura responder de forma automática sempre que o seu conteúdo possa ser classificado como fazendo parte de um conjunto de questões previamente identificadas pelos recursos humanos da Divisão Académica como recorrentes e para as quais já exista uma resposta tipo. As questões constantes da mensagem são identificadas através de palavras e expressões normalmente associadas aos diferentes tipos de questão. O envio da resposta pressupõe a identificação correcta dos tipos associados e de acordo com requisitos mínimos definidos, de forma a evitar enviar uma resposta errada a uma mensagem. A implementação do SiRAC permite a libertação de recursos humanos da Divisão Académica que anteriormente estavam afectas à resposta de mensagens para o desempenho de outras funções.

Estratégias de implementação de plataformas de e-maintenance na indústria: desenvolvimento de uma aplicação para um sistema logístico de viaturas

Mestrado em Engenharia Electrotécnica – Sistemas Eléctricos de Energia

Critérios de projecto de um data centre

Dissertação de Natureza Científica para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil na Área de Especialização de Edificações

Reliable real-time communication in CAN networks

Controller area network (CAN) is a fieldbus network suitable for small-scale distributed computer controlled systems (DCCS), being appropriate for sending and receiving short real-time messages at speeds up to 1 Mbit/sec. Several studies are available on how to guarantee the real-time requirements of CAN messages, providing preruntime schedulability conditions to guarantee the real-time communication requirements of DCCS traffic. Usually, it is considered that CAN guarantees atomic multicast properties by means of its extensive error detection/signaling mechanisms. However, there are some error situations where messages can be delivered in duplicate or delivered only by a subset of the receivers, leading to inconsistencies in the supported applications. In order to prevent such inconsistencies, a middleware for reliable communication in CAN is proposed, taking advantage of CAN synchronous properties to minimize the runtime overhead. Such middleware comprises a set of atomic multicast and consolidation protocols, upon which the reliable communication properties are guaranteed. The related timing analysis demonstrates that, in spite of the extra stack of protocols, the real-time properties of CAN are preserved since the predictability of message transfer is guaranteed.

RSS and LEA adaptation for indoor location using fingerprinting

Fingerprinting is an indoor location technique, based on wireless networks, where data stored during the offline phase is compared with data collected by the mobile device during the online phase. In most of the real-life scenarios, the mobile node used throughout the offline phase is different from the mobile nodes that will be used during the online phase. This means that there might be very significant differences between the Received Signal Strength values acquired by the mobile node and the ones stored in the Fingerprinting Map. As a consequence, this difference between RSS values might contribute to increase the location estimation error. One possible solution to minimize these differences is to adapt the RSS values, acquired during the online phase, before sending them to the Location Estimation Algorithm. Also the internal parameters of the Location Estimation Algorithms, for example the weights of the Weighted k-Nearest Neighbour, might need to be tuned for every type of terminal. This paper focuses both approaches, using Direct Search optimization methods to adapt the Received Signal Strength and to tune the Location Estimation Algorithm parameters. As a result it was possible to decrease the location estimation error originally obtained without any calibration procedure.

Rabies in the state of São Paulo: the rodents question

The authors looked over the epidemiological data on the aggression by rodents in the period 1976-1985 in the records of the Instituto Pasteur in the State of São Paulo (Brazil). They observed that out of 367 379 people attacked, 22 250 were victims of rodents. Mainly responsible for these accidents were urban rodents, whose capture, however, was a limiting factor for the sending of samples to the laboratory. Laboratory diagnosis carried out in 1 083 samples of rodents did not show any positive case in the period, in spite of the presence of rabies in other animals species. It is conclude that, as rabies is rare among rodents, tests are necessary for the identification of the virus whenever suspicion of a positive case occurs; in addition, in the absence of reported cases of human death caused by rabies related to rodents, possibility exists for a reduction of antirabies treatments following exposure to these animals.

Digital marketing strategies

Internship Report presented to Instituto de Contabilidade e Administração do Porto for the Master’s degree in Marketing Digital under the guidance of Dr. José Magalhães Author Note This internship was carried out under the Erasmus Program for college students and under the agreement between the sending institution, Instituto Superior de Contabilidade e Administração do Porto and the host company, eRise, located in Budapest, Hungary, under the guidance of Vilmos Schwarz.