Raboty

No More Published, After V.42; 1914?

The management of bone tools from the Bronze Age site of El Portalón of Cueva Mayor, Sierra de Atapuerca, Burgos

In this paper we analyze the set of Bronze Age bone tools recovered at the archaeological site of El Portalón of Cueva Mayor in the Sierra de Atapuerca (Burgos). The Bronze Age cultural period is the best represented in the cavity and its study has forced us to unify the different excavation and stratigraphical criteria undertaken from the earliest archaeological excavations developed by J.M. Apellániz during the 70s until the excavations of the current research team (EIA) since 2000. We propose here for the first time a relationship between the initial system of “beds” used by Apellániz and our recent sedimentary sequence that recognizes eleven stratigraphic levels radiometrically dated from the late Upper Pleistocene to the Middle Age. Within the bone industry assemblage we recognize a large variety of utensils and ornamental elements, with native and allochthonous features, that make evident a regional as well as long distance relationships of these populations of the interior of the Iberian Peninsula during the recent Prehistory.

Ruxia i Ruxianos w romansach rycerskich autorstwa Feliciano de Silva

W niniejszym artykule przeanalizowany został sposób wykorzystania przez Feliciano de Silva autentycznego toponimu Ruxia (Ruś) przy konstruowaniu świata przedstawionego w romansie rycerskim. Jak zostaje wykazane, Feliciano de Silva jedynie częściowo wpisuje się w tendencję zaobserwowaną wcześniej m.in. u Garci Rodrigueza de Montalvo, który w swoich dziełach nakreśla jasną opozycję pomiędzy chrześcijańskim światem błędnego rycerstwa a złym i nikczemnym pogaństwem. Autor z Ciudad Rodrigo, chcąc nawiązać do chwały średniowiecznego Konstantynopola, powraca do czasów konfliktu bizantyńsko-ruskiego, który twórczo wykorzystuje w aż trzech księgach Florisel de Niquea. Ruxia, jeden z głównych przeciwników greckiego rodu, przedstawiona zostaje jako pogańska potęga militarna, której przewodzą władcy odważni, lecz zarazem owładnięci żądzą, niemoralni i okrutni.

Józef Wittlin y el exilio europeo

El presente estudio realiza un recorrido por el exilio del autor polaco Józef Wittlin, situándolo en el contexto del exilio europeo que comenzó con la toma de poder del partido nacionalsocialista en Alemania en 1933. Se hará hincapié en la relación y colaboración de Wittlin con otros exiliados europeos, especialmente autores de lengua alemana, así como en los principales lugares de confluencia de exiliados y en los problemas que afrontaron los escritores en ese momento.

Turystyka i rekreacja a jakość życia mieszkańców Leszna

The quality of life (QOL) is currently one of the main fields of study for researchers around the world. Its complex nature makes it a topic of interest for many different fields, such as philosophy, ethics, medicine, economics, sociology and physical culture sciences. Despite the differences in the way various researches define the QOL, the general agreement is that any measurement of QOL should encompass the following dimensions: objective QOL and subjective QOL (well-being). Particularly noteworthy, for any complex research is the mutual relationship between the QOL and tourism and recreation. The increase of tourism and recreation should entail a simultaneous development of local communities, as emphasized by Crouch and Ritchie this implies that the inhabitants of an area that serves a function of tourism and recreation should profit from the increased number of tourists. This benefits should be reflected in the objective QOL conditions and the subjective sense of satisfaction of the residents. The city of Leszno and it’s tourism and recreation-oriented development strategy were used to form a basis for theoretical study on QOL and to calculate the Tourism-Recreation QOL Index.

Umowa międzynarodowa w sferze kultury - wybrane aspekty ustrojowo-prawne

W artykule omówiono rolę bilateralnych i multilateralnych umów międzynarodowych w ochronie oraz popularyzacji dziedzictwa kulturowego. Wskazano na potrzebę respektowania zasady pacta sunt servanda w stosunkach międzynarodowych. W rozważaniach podkreślono, iż umowa międzynarodowa jest nie tylko źródłem the international law, ale i środkiem pokojowej współpracy między państwami i narodami bez względu na ich uwarunkowania społeczne oraz ustrojowo-prawne.

Law and Literature – a Meaningful Connection

The connection between law and (imaginative) literature can still affect surprisingly. The theme of the present article is to summarize some of the basic features of the movement, which is called „Law and Literature” and to suggest some starting-points with which it is associated. These starting points include, for instance linguistic conception of law, narratology in law or the relations between law and culture. The article offers an overview of the classical approaches connecting law and literature and mentions the reasons for this connection: e.g. cultivation of law and lawyers, improvement of judicial decisions or improvement of legal interpretation. Some of the findings resulting from the joint of law and literature can be used in practice and goes beyond „mere” theory. The article is to be seen as an introduction to the movement of „Law and Literature”, presentation of ideas on which this movement is based and offering the possibility of its further development.

Zaufanie a stosunki osobiste

Trust is a pervasive phenomenon in our lives. We trust our family members and lovers, our physicians and teachers, our politicians and even strangers on the street. Trust has instrumental value for us, but at the same time it is often accompanied by risk. This is the reason why it is important to distinguish trust that is warranted or justified from blind trust. In order to answer the question how trust is justified, however, it is crucial to know exactly what is the fundamental nature of trust. In the paper, I reconstruct three accounts of trust that operate with the assumption that trust is fundamentally a mental state – the cognitivist account, the voluntaristic account and the affect-based account. I argue that all of these accounts make reference to deeply held intuitions about trust that are incompatible with each other. As a solution to this unfortunate dialectical situation, I suggest to give up the assumption that trust is primarily a mental state. Instead, I argue for a position according to which trust is best understood as a two-place predicate that characterizes a specific relationship in which we can stand to each other.

Czy jesteśmy odpowiedzialni za nasze działania?

The article discusses a responsibility game which is, in fact a ‘question-answer-game’. Firstly, the characteristic of the responsibility game is made. Secondly, the ontology of the responsibility game is settled. Thirdly, the causality of our intentions and the process of decision making are analysed in-depth. Fourthly, the importance of a decision criterion for the process of decisionmaking is proven; whereby, a definition of an action an agent is morally responsible for is finally formulated.

Heurystyka strachu. Czy ambiwalencja lęku może być dla nas pouczająca?

The paper assumes that fear presents a certain degree of ambivalence. To say it with Hans Jonas (1903-1993), fear is not only a negative emotion, but may teach us something very important: we recognize what is relevant when we perceive that it is at stake. Under this respect, fear may be assumed as a guide to responsibility, a virtue that is becoming increasingly important, because of the role played by human technology in the current ecological crisis. Secondly, fear and responsibility concern both dimensions of human action: private-individual and publiccollective. What the ‘heuristics of fear’ teaches us, is to become aware of a deeper ambivalence, namely the one which characterizes as such human freedom, which may aim to good or bad, to self-preservation or self-destruction. Any public discussion concerning political or economic issues related with human action (at an individual or collective level) ought not to leave this essential idea out of consideration.

Inclusion as a Moral Challenge: the Potential of the Konstanz Method of Dilemma Discussion® (KMDD®)

This article presents the Konstanz Method of Dilemma Discussion ® (KMDD ®) and explains the integration of the KMDD ® in ethics lessons. In this paper, some special learning effects of this inclusive teaching and learning method are shown. Furthermore, it investigates the questions of how to achieve more knowledge in ethics lessons by dialogue and how to realize better moral development, particularly by handling of differentiation. Moral education of all participants who are involved in the learning process (learners and teacher alike) is a crucial task of every true inclusion. True inclusion means building optimal learning conditions in keeping with the free will of all participants. Because our society is transforming constantly in both global and demographic aspects, coping with these challenges is mandatory.

Kształtowanie umiejętności wnioskowania sylogistycznego

The article consists of two parts. In the first part the author presents the characteristics of syllogistic reasoning, in the second part describes a set of exercises that are useful in teaching and developing the skill of syllogistic reasoning. The exercises belong to the teaching tools called interactive teaching methods and are of varying level of difficulty.