SCADA House Intelligent Management for Energy Efficiency Analysis in Domestic Consumers

The implementation of smart homes allows the domestic consumer to be an active player in the context of the Smart Grid (SG). This paper presents an intelligent house management system that is being developed by the authors to manage, in real time, the power consumption, the micro generation system, the charge and discharge of the electric or plug-in hybrid vehicles, and the participation in Demand Response (DR) programs. The paper proposes a method for the energy efficiency analysis of a domestic consumer using the SCADA House Intelligent Management (SHIM) system. The main goal of the present paper is to demonstrate the economic benefits of the implemented method. The case study considers the consumption data of some real cases of Portuguese house consumption over 30 days of June of 2012, the Portuguese real energy price, the implementation of the power limits at different times of the day and the economic benefits analysis.

Dependable Embedded Wireless Infrastructure

DEWI will provide key solutions for wireless seamless connectivity and interoperability in the everyday physical environment of citizens, thereby significantly contributing to the emerging smart home and smart public space.

Partneriverkostoon perustuvan liiketoimintakonseptin kehittäminen ja kuvaaminen

Diplomityön tavoitteena on selvittää yritysten välistä verkostoitumista ja kehittää menetelmä, jolla voidaan kuvata yritysverkostoon perustuvaa liiketoimintaa. Menetelmää sovelletaan tutkimuskohteena olevaan älykotiliiketoimintaan, siten että muodostetaan liiketoimintaa kuvaava toimintotason arvoverkko. Tutkimus on laadullinen tapaustutkimus. Yritysten välisen verkostoitumisen voidaan todeta yleistyneen nopeasti kaikilla aloilla. Verkosto voi muodostua esimerkiksi jonkin vahvan toimijan ympärille, jolloin verkosto toimii keskusyrityksen intressien mukaisesti. Verkostoyritykset voivat olla myös kilpailijoita keskenään. Yritys voi toimia samanaikaisesti useassa eri verkostossa. Yritysverkoston suunnitteluun tarkoitettu arvoverkon muodostusprosessi perustuu arvoverkkotutkimukseen. Muodostusprosessissa määritetään asiakasryhmät, joille tuotteita/palveluja halutaan tarjota. Jos yrityksen omat resurssit eivät riitä toimintojen toteuttamiseen, ne hankitaan ulkopuolelta. Tämän jälkeen kartoitetaan ulkoiset toimijat, jotka toteuttavat kyseistä toimintoa. Kartoitusten perusteella muodostetaan toimintotason arvoverkko liiketoimintakonseptin hahmottamiseksi. Tutkituista toimijoista valitaan omaa osaamista parhaiten täydentävät partnereiksi. Vastaavalla tavalla voidaan myös etsiä kokonaan uusia liiketoimintakokonaisuuksia.

Vanhusten hyvä kotona asuminen: tutkimusta kuntatuottavuudesta, älykodeista ja apuvälinepalveluprosesseista

The purpose of the research was to investigate operational processes related to home care of the elderly as well as use of assistive devices in smart home environments, and operational processes that are generally related to use of assistive devices – from the point of view of productivity improvement. The themes were looked into from the points of view of both the elderly and care personnel. In addition, perspectives of near relatives of the elderly, of the larger service system as well as of companies that provided assistive devices to the smart homes were taken into consideration. In the study of home care processes, 32 customer interviews and 17 employee interviews were carried out. This report contains a summary that is based on a separate report of the home care study. The study of home care was conducted in 2006. The use of technological and mechanical assistive devices and the related operational processes were investigated with the help of the smart home pilot in 2007–2008. The study is described in this report. The smart home pilot was implemented in four different housing service units for elderly people at Lahti, Nastola and Hollola. They were in use during short-term housing periods related to, for instance, end of hospitalisation, holidays of caring relatives and assessment of living and housing conditions. More than 60 different assistive devices and technologies were brought to the smart homes. During the pilot period, experiences of customers and personnel as well as processes related to the use of assistive devices were investigated. The research material consisted of 20 survey questionnaires of personnel and customers, four interviews with customers, five interviews with personnel, feedback survey responses from 14 companies, and other data that were collected, for instance, in orientation events. The research results highlighted the need for tailored services based on an elderly person’s needs and wishes, while taking advantage of innovative and technological solutions. As in the earlier home care study, also assistive device-related operational processes were looked into with the help of concepts of ‘resource focus’, ‘lost motion’ and ‘intermediate landing’. The following were identified as central operational processes in assistive device-related services (regardless of the service provider): (1) acquisition process of technologies and assistive devices as well as of rearrangement and rebuilding works in the home, (2) introduction and orientation process (of the elderly, their relatives and care personnel), (3) information and communication process, and (4) service and monitoring process. In addition, the research focused on design and desirability of assistive devices as well as their costs, such as opportunity costs. The process-based points of view gave new knowledge that may be used in the future to develop service processes and clarify their ownership so that separately managed cross-functional processes could be built with participants from different sectors to operate alongside organisations of elderly care. Development of functionality of assistive device-related services is a societally significant issue.

enControl wear

Aquest projecte s'endinsa en l'ecosistema Android Wear, ampliant l'aplicació d'smart home "enControl" als dispositius smart watch. Durant el projecte s'han seguit totes les fases de desenvolupament de l'aplicació: des dels primers dissenys fins a la implementació final que funciona correctament.

Tulevaisuuden älykotiliiketoiminnan toimitusverkoston kartoitus

Tutkimus kartoitetaan tulevaisuuden älykotiliiketoiminnan palvelutuottaja-verkostoa. Lisäksi delphi-prosessia seuraten, pyritään kyselyn kautta vali-doimaan tulevaisuudesta tehty skenaario. Kysely tehtiin 42 yrityksen stra-tegiasta vastaavalle johtajalle. Selvitettäviä asioita olivat skenaarion liike-toiminnallinen kiinnostavuus, toteutumiskelpoisuus ja yrityksen siinä ha-luama rooli. Lisäksi selvitettiin mm. yritysten yhteistyökyvykkyyttä, innova-tiivisuutta, asiakassuuntautuneisuutta ja teknologinen valmiutta. Pääpaino oli selvittää verkoston muodostaja eli johtaja yritys. Kysely validoi kaikkien vastanneiden osalta tulevan skenaarion. Tulosten perusteella pystyttiin erottamaan 12 potentiaalista johtajaa. Nämä erottui-vat kyselyn kaikilla osa-alueilla parempina kuin muut yritykset. Potentiaali-set johtajat näkivät tulevaisuuden optimistisempana kuin muut ja lisäksi ne harjoittavat jo nyt liiketoimintaa, joka on lähellä kuvattua älykotipalveluver-kostoa. Tuloksia voidaan hyödyntää muodostettaessa palveluverkostoa uusille markkinoille. Kuvatun mallin toteutuminen vaatii kuitenkin julkisen sektorin palvelutoiminnan uudistusta, sillä se sisältää useita rinnakkaisia prosesseja julkisen terveydenhuollon kanssa.

Customer Driven Service Development – Technology-based Care and Services for the Elderly

The objective of this master’s thesis was to examine technology-based smart home devices and services. Topic was approached through basic theories, transaction cost theory and resource-based view in order to build basis for this thesis. Conceptual framework was discussed by means of networks, value networks and service systems which provide a useful framework for service development. The needs of the elderly living at home were discussed in order to find out which technology-based services could be used to satisfy the needs. Segmentation and need data collected previously during proactive home visits was exploited and additionally a survey targeted to experts and professionals of social and health care sector was done to verify the needs. Finally, the results of the survey were analyzed using quality function deployment method to figure out the most important and suitable service offerings for the elderly. As a conclusion of analysis, social media and monitoring services are the most useful technology-based services. However, traditional home services will still maintain their necessity too.

Analyzing and Computing the Sustainability Gains of Building Automation

Smart home implementation in residential buildings promises to optimize energy usage and save significant amount of energy simply due to a better understanding of user's energy usage profile. Apart from the energy optimisation prospects of this technology, it also aims to guarantee occupants significant amount of comfort and remote control over home appliances both at home locations and at remote places. However, smart home investment just like any other kind of investment requires an adequate measurement and justification of the economic gains it could proffer before its realization. These economic gains could differ for different occupants due to their inherent behaviours and tendencies. Thus it is pertinent to investigate the various behaviours and tendencies of occupants in different domain of interests and to measure the value of the energy savings accrued by smart home implementations in these domains of interest in order to justify such economic gains. This thesis investigates two domains of interests (the rented apartment and owned apartment) for primarily two behavioural tendencies (Finland and Germany) obtained from observation and corroborated by conducted interviews to measure the payback time and Return on Investment (ROI) of their smart home implementations. Also, similar measures are obtained for identified Australian use case. The research finding reveals that building automation for the Finnish behavioural tendencies seems to proffers a better ROI and payback time for smart home implementations.

Proximity Based Authentication in IoT

IoT consists of essentially thousands of tiny sensor nodes interconnected to the internet, each one of which executes the programmed functions under memory and power limita- tions. The sensor nodes are distributed mainly for gathering data in various situations. IoT envisions the future technologies such as e-health, smart city, auto-mobiles automa- tion, construction sites automation, and smart home. Secure communication of data under memory and energy constraints is major challenge in IoT. Authentication is the first and important phase of secure communication. This study presents a protocol to authenticate resource constraint devices in physical proximity by solely using the shared wireless communication interfaces. This model of authentication only relies on the abundance of ambient radio signals to authenticate in less than a second. To evaluate the designed protocol, SkyMotes are emulated in a network environment simulated by Contiki/COOJA. Results presented during this study proves that this approach is immune against passive and active attacks. An adversary located as near as two meters can be identified in less than a second with minimal expense of energy. Since, only radio device is used as required hardware for the authentication, this technique is scalable and interoperable to heterogeneous nature of IoT.

Trasformazione di un ambiente fisico in Cyber-Physical Ecosystem

Obiettivo di questo lavoro di tesi è il perfezionamento di un sistema di Health Smart Home, ovvero un ambiente fisico (ad esempio un'abitazione) che incorpora una rete di comunicazione in grado di connettere apparecchi elettronici e servizi controllabili da remoto, con l'obiettivo di facilitare la vita ad anziani, malati o disabili nelle loro case. Questo lavoro di tesi mostrerà come è stato possibile realizzare tale sistema partendo dalle teorie e dalle tecnologie sviluppate per il Web Semantico, al fine di trasformare l'ambiente fisico in un Cyber Physical (Eco)System perfettamente funzionante.

Un framework per applicazioni di monitoraggio e domotica basato su tecnologie android e arduino

Questa tesi tratta dello sviluppo di un progetto chiamato Faxa e di una sua concreta applicazione nell’ambito della domotica (CasaDomotica). Faxa è un framework per la comunicazione via wireless tra dispositivi che supportano il sistema operativo Android e dispositivi Arduino Ethernet, comunicazione che avviene localmente attraverso il wi-fi. Il progetto si inserisce nel panorama più ampio chiamato “Internet of Things”, ovvero internet delle cose, dove ogni oggetto di uso domestico è collegato ad Internet e può essere quindi manipolato attraverso la rete in modo da realizzare una vera e propria “smart house”; perchè ciò si attui occorre sviluppare applicazioni semplici e alla portata di tutti. Il mio contributo comincia con la realizzazione del framework Faxa, così da fornire un supporto semplice e veloce per comporre programmi per Arduino e Android, sfruttando metodi ad alto livello. Il framework è sviluppato su due fronti: sul lato Android è composto sia da funzioni di alto livello, necessarie ad inviare ordini e messaggi all'Arduino, sia da un demone per Android; sul lato Arduino è composto dalla libreria, per inviare e ricevere messaggi. Per Arduino: sfruttando le librerie Faxa ho redatto un programma chiamato “BroadcastPin”. Questo programma invia costantemente sulla rete i dati dei sensori e controlla se ci sono ordini in ricezione. Il demone chiamato “GetItNow” è una applicazione che lavora costantemente in background. Il suo compito è memorizzare tutti i dati contenuti nei file xml inviati da Arduino. Tali dati corrispondono ai valori dei sensori connessi al dispositivo. I dati sono salvati in un database pubblico, potenzialmente accessibili a tutte le applicazioni presenti sul dispositivo mobile. Sul framework Faxa e grazie al demone “GetItNow” ho implementato “CasaDomotica”, un programma dimostrativo pensato per Android in grado di interoperare con apparecchi elettrici collegati ad un Arduino Ethernet, impiegando un’interfaccia video semplice e veloce. L’utente gestisce l’interfaccia per mezzo di parole chiave, a scelta comandi vocali o digitali, e con essa può accendere e spegnere luci, regolare ventilatori, attuare la rilevazione di temperatura e luminosità degli ambienti o quanto altro sia necessario. Il tutto semplicemente connettendo gli apparecchi all’Arduino e adattando il dispositivo mobile con pochi passi a comunicare con gli elettrodomestici.

Progettazione ed implementazione di un data warehouse di supporto alla profilazione dei consumi energetici domestici

Sviluppo e analisi di un dataset campione, composto da circa 3 mln di entry ed estratto da un data warehouse di informazioni riguardanti il consumo energetico di diverse smart home.

Applicazioni di tecnologie IoT e wearable alla domotica: un caso di studio

Oggigiorno milioni di persone fanno uso di Internet per gli utilizzi più disparati: dalla ricerca di informazioni sul Web al gioco online; dall'invio e ricezione di email all'uso di applicazioni social e tante altre attività. Mentre milioni di dispositivi ci offrono queste possibilità, un grande passo in avanti sta avvenendo in relazione all'uso di Internet come una piattaforma globale che permetta a oggetti di tutti i giorni di coordinarsi e comunicare tra di loro. È in quest'ottica che nasce Internet of Things, l'Internet delle cose, dove un piccolo oggetto come un braccialetto può avere un grande impatto nel campo medico per il monitoraggio da remoto di parametri vitali o per la localizzazione di pazienti e personale e l'effettuazione di diagnosi da remoto; dove un semplice sensore ad infrarosso può allertarci a distanza di una presenza non autorizzata all'interno della nostra abitazione; dove un'autovettura è in grado di leggere i dati dai sensori distribuiti sulla strada. Questa tesi vuole ripercorrere gli aspetti fondamentali di Internet of Things, dai sistemi embedded fino alla loro applicazione nella vita odierna, illustrando infine un progetto che mostra come alcune tecnologie IoT e wearable possano integrarsi nella domotica, come per esempio l'utilizzo di uno smartwatch, come Apple Watch, per il controllo dell'abitazione.

Personalisation of intelligent homecare services adapted to children with motor impairments

Ambient Intelligence could support innovative application domains like motor impairments' detection at the home environment. This research aims to prevent neurodevelopmental disorders through the natural interaction of the children with embedded intelligence daily life objects, like home furniture and toys. Designed system uses an interoperable platform to provide two intelligent interrelated home healthcare services: monitoring of children¿s abilities and completion of early stimulation activities. A set of sensors, which are embedded within the rooms, toys and furniture, allows private data gathering about the child's interaction with the environment. This information feeds a reasoning subsystem, which encloses an ontology of neurodevelopment items, and adapts the service to the age and acquisition of expected abilities. Next, the platform proposes customized stimulation services by taking advantage of the existing facilities at the child's environment. The result integrates Embedded Sensor Systems for Health at Mälardalen University with UPM Smart Home, for adapted services delivery.

Cognitive Surveillance Architecture for Scenario Understanding

Uno de los mayores retos para la comunidad científica es conseguir que las máquinas posean en un futuro la capacidad del sistema visual y cognitivo humanos, de forma que, por ejemplo, en entornos de video vigilancia, puedan llegar a proporcionar de manera automática una descripción fiable de lo que está ocurriendo en la escena. En la presente tesis, mediante la propuesta de un marco de trabajo de referencia, se discuten y plantean los pasos necesarios para el desarrollo de sistemas más inteligentes capaces de extraer y analizar, a diferentes niveles de abstracción y mediante distintos módulos de procesamiento independientes, la información necesaria para comprender qué está sucediendo en un conjunto amplio de escenarios de distinta naturaleza. Se parte de un análisis de requisitos y se identifican los retos para este tipo de sistemas en la actualidad, lo que constituye en sí mismo los objetivos de esta tesis, contribuyendo así a un modelo de datos basado en el conocimiento que permitirá analizar distintas situaciones en las que personas y vehículos son los actores principales, dejando no obstante la puerta abierta a la adaptación a otros dominios. Así mismo, se estudian los distintos procesos que se pueden lanzar a nivel interno así como la necesidad de integrar mecanismos de realimentación a distintos niveles que permitan al sistema adaptarse mejor a cambios en el entorno. Como resultado, se propone un marco de referencia jerárquico que integra las capacidades de percepción, interpretación y aprendizaje para superar los retos identificados en este ámbito; y así poder desarrollar sistemas de vigilancia más robustos, flexibles e inteligentes, capaces de operar en una variedad de entornos. Resultados experimentales ejecutados sobre distintas muestras de datos (secuencias de vídeo principalmente) demuestran la efectividad del marco de trabajo propuesto respecto a otros propuestos en el pasado. Un primer caso de estudio, permite demostrar la creación de un sistema de monitorización de entornos de parking en exteriores para la detección de vehículos y el análisis de plazas libres de aparcamiento. Un segundo caso de estudio, permite demostrar la flexibilidad del marco de referencia propuesto para adaptarse a los requisitos de un entorno de vigilancia completamente distinto, como es un hogar inteligente donde el análisis automático de actividades de la vida cotidiana centra la atención del estudio. ABSTRACT One of the most ambitious objectives for the Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition research community is that machines can achieve similar capacities to the human's visual and cognitive system, and thus provide a trustworthy description of what is happening in the scene under surveillance. Thus, a number of well-established scenario understanding architectural frameworks to develop applications working on a variety of environments can be found in the literature. In this Thesis, a highly descriptive methodology for the development of scene understanding applications is presented. It consists of a set of formal guidelines to let machines extract and analyse, at different levels of abstraction and by means of independent processing modules that interact with each other, the necessary information to understand a broad set of different real World surveillance scenarios. Taking into account the challenges that working at both low and high levels offer, we contribute with a highly descriptive knowledge-based data model for the analysis of different situations in which people and vehicles are the main actors, leaving the door open for the development of interesting applications in diverse smart domains. Recommendations to let systems achieve high-level behaviour understanding will be also provided. Furthermore, feedback mechanisms are proposed to be integrated in order to let any system to understand better the environment and the logical context around, reducing thus the uncertainty and noise, and increasing its robustness and precision in front of low-level or high-level errors. As a result, a hierarchical cognitive architecture of reference which integrates the necessary perception, interpretation, attention and learning capabilities to overcome main challenges identified in this area of research is proposed; thus allowing to develop more robust, flexible and smart surveillance systems to cope with the different requirements of a variety of environments. Once crucial issues that should be treated explicitly in the design of this kind of systems have been formulated and discussed, experimental results shows the effectiveness of the proposed framework compared with other proposed in the past. Two case studies were implemented to test the capabilities of the framework. The first case study presents how the proposed framework can be used to create intelligent parking monitoring systems. The second case study demonstrates the flexibility of the system to cope with the requirements of a completely different environment, a smart home where activities of daily living are performed. Finally, general conclusions and future work lines to further enhancing the capabilities of the proposed framework are presented.