895 resultados para Medium and large-sized enterprises


Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

A parte mais setentrional da Amaznia ocidental tem sido pouco estudada no que diz respeito diversidade de mamferos, especialmente a rea correspondente aos interflvios I-Japur e Japur-Negro, no Brasil. Essa fauna, alm das de aves e rpteis, vm sendo constantemente impactada pela atividade humana onde pode se destacar a caa. O objetivo desta dissertao foi iniciar o levantamento sistemtico da diversidade da mastofauna das Reservas de Desenvolvimento Sustentvel Mamirau e Aman em diferentes hbitats e o seu uso pela populao humana local. Urna listagem atualizada das espcies de mamferos foi gerada para os interflvios I-Japur e Japur-Negro, bem como para cada rea amostrada. A caa e suas implicaes sobre esta fauna, alm das de aves e rpteis, foi analisada em seis comunidades da RDS Mamirau e quatro comunidades da RDS Aman, de forma a gerar subsdios para o manejo dessas Unidades de Conservao. Para tanto, foram realizadas expedies para o levantamento da mastofauna existente e o monitoramento da atividade de caa em 10 comunidades por um perodo de dois anos. O estudo realizado representou o primeiro levantamento sistemtico sobre a diversidade de mamferos de Aman, que considerou todas as ordens presentes na regio. Tambm, a lista da mastofauna produzida para Mamirau representou um acrscimo de 25 % em relao s listas anteriores. Foram identificadas 57 espcies de mamferos na rea da reserva Aman e 40 espcies na rea da reserva Mamirau. Os resultados j obtidos esclareceram questes sobre a identidade de algumas espcies de mamferos das reservas. A diversidade de mamferos das duas reas estudadas foi determinante para os padres de caa encontrados no perodo de estudo. A atividade de caa em Aman seguiu o principal padro da atividade na Amaznia, onde mamferos herbvoros e aves de grande e mdio porte foram as espcies mais caadas e estas representaram a maior porcentagem no peso abatido. O principal padro da atividade de caa encontrado em Mamirau se caracterizou por ter os quelnios, primatas e aves de grande e mdio porte como as espcies mais caadas durante o perodo de estudo. Foram apresentadas consideraes acerca do estabelecimento de estratgias de manejo de fauna cinegtica para as reas de estudo, esperando contribuir para um futuro modelo de uso sustentvel da fauna silvestre nas reservas, que leve em considerao aspectos biolgicos, econmicos e culturais da regio.

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Fundao de Amparo Pesquisa do Estado de So Paulo (FAPESP)

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

La mobilit nelle aree urbane di medie e grandi dimensioni risente di molte criticit e spesso causa di numerose discussioni. L'utilizzo sempre crescente del mezzo di trasporto privato ha prodotto conseguenze negative: l'aumento del traffico e degli incidenti stradali, dell'inquinamento atmosferico e del rumore sono accompagnati da un forte spreco energetico. Dall'altra parte, il trasporto pubblico locale (TPL) non riuscito a costruirsi canali preferenziali all'interno dell'immaginario cittadino, poich sottomesso da un modello economico e un mercato fortemente dipendenti dall'automobile. Una via d'uscita dalla mobilit non sostenibile basata sull'utilizzo di combustibili fossili porta a concepire un trasporto pubblico locale gratuito, fruibile dal cittadino in qualsiasi momento della giornata. Attraverso un'analisi dell'azienda del trasporto pubblico bolognese (ATC) e dei dati provenienti dalla sanit regionale, questa tesi intende mostrare che vi sar un miglioramento della qualit di vita in aree urbane nel momento in cui la teoria della decrescita venga condivisa da tutti i cittadini. Cos sar possibile liberare i centri urbani dai mezzi privati e quindi dagli alti livelli di inquinamento acustico e atmosferico, e dare ai cittadini la vera libert di movimento. Mobility in medium and large sized urban areas is critical and often a cause for numerous debates. The use of private transport is in constant increase and has generated negative consequences: congestion and road accidents, air and noise pollutio as well as a considerable waste of energy. On the other hand, the local public transport (LPT) has not succeeded in representing the preferred choice by citizens in the urban imaginary. Its potential has been subdued by economic models and markets that are largely dependant on the production of vehicles. An alternative to the current non sustainable mobility based on the combustion of fossil fuels could be the provision of a free local transport network available to the citizen from anywhere at any time. This dissertation's objective is to show how an improvement of the quality of life in urban areas is connected to a collective awareness on the degrowth theory. I intend to achieve this by analysing thoroughly the system of the public transportation agency in Bologna (ATC) and considering data from the local health department. Only then we will be able to limit private vehicles from city centres and as a result of that drastically decrease air and noise pollution whilst providing a true service for a free moving citizen.

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Die Marantaceae (550 Arten) sind eine weltweit verbreitete Familie von Stauden und Lianen aus dem Unterwuchs tropischer Tieflandregenwlder. Der morphologisch-kologische Vergleich des basal abzweigenden Sarcophrynium-Astes mit dem in abgeleiteter Position stehenden Marantochloa-Ast, soll beispielhaft evolutionre Muster in der Familie beleuchten. So wird in der Doktorarbeit zum ersten Mal ein berblick ber die Bltenbiologie und Phylogenie von rund 30 der 40 afrikanischen Marantaceae Arten prsentiert. Die Analysen basieren auf Daten von drei mehrmonatigen Feldaufenthalten in Gabun jeweils zwischen September und Januar. Vier Bltentypen werden beschrieben, die jeweils mit einer spezifischen Bestubergilde verbunden sind (kleine, mittlere, groe Bienen bzw. Vgel). Bestubungsexperimente belegen, dass 18 Arten selbstkompatibel, aber nur zwei Arten autogam sind, also keine Bestubungsvermittler bentigen. Der Fruchtansatz ist generell gering (10 -30 %). Die komplexe Synorganisation der Blte ermglicht in den Marantaceae einen explosiven Bestubungsmechanismus. Um dessen kologische Funktionalitt zu verstehen, werden die Blten von 66 Arten, alle wichtigen ste der Marantaceae abdeckend, unter einem morphologisch-funktionalen Gesichtspunkt untersucht. Es gibt groe bereinstimmungen zwischen allen untersuchten Arten im Zusammenspiel (Synorganisation) der wichtigsten Bauelemente (Griffel, Kapuzenblatt, Schwielenblatt), die eine przise Pollenbertragung ermglichen. Basierend auf Daten von nrDNA (ITS, 5S) und cpDNA (trnL-F) wird fr ein nahezu komplettes Artenspektrum die Phylogenie der zwei afrikanischen ste erstellt. Hierauf werden morphologische und kologische Merkmale sowie geographischer Verbreitungsmuster nach dem Parsimonieprinzip rekonstruiert, um so deren evolutionre Bedeutung fr die Marantaceae abschtzen zu knnen. Die Ergebnisse weisen auf die Beteiligung einer Vielzahl verschiedener Artbildungsfaktoren hin.

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

We present a real-world staff-assignment problem that was reported to us by a provider of an online workforce scheduling software. The problem consists of assigning employees to work shifts subject to a large variety of requirements related to work laws, work shift compatibility, workload balancing, and personal preferences of employees. A target value is given for each requirement, and all possible deviations from these values are associated with acceptance levels. The objective is to minimize the total number of deviations in ascending order of the acceptance levels. We present an exact lexicographic goal programming MILP formulation and an MILP-based heuristic. The heuristic consists of two phases: in the first phase a feasible schedule is built and in the second phase parts of the schedule are iteratively re-optimized by applying an exact MILP model. A major advantage of such MILP-based approaches is the flexibility to account for additional constraints or modified planning objectives, which is important as the requirements may vary depending on the company or planning period. The applicability of the heuristic is demonstrated for a test set derived from real-world data. Our computational results indicate that the heuristic is able to devise optimal solutions to non-trivial problem instances, and outperforms the exact lexicographic goal programming formulation on medium- and large-sized problem instances.

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Purchasing and supply management (PSM) has become increasingly important for companies to survive in current highly competitive market. Increased outsourcing has extended the role of PSM, making external resource management and supplier relationships critical success factors in business. However, the recent research has mainly concentrated on large enterprises. Therefore the PSM issues related to medium-sized enterprises represent a significant research area. The thesis aims to explore the status and role of PSM in Finnish medium-sized firms, understand how strategic companies consider PSM to be, clarify what are the competence requirements for PSM professionals, and increase the understanding of PSM capabilities needed from the points view of individual competence and organisational capabilities. The study uses data that was collected in 2007 from purchasing executives at the director/CEO level representing a sample of 94 Finnish firms. 54 % of the respondent enterprises had a supply strategy. The total supply cost was on average 60 % of firms' turnover. Centralisation of PSM and outsourcing of logistics will increase in Finnish medium-sized enterprises. The findings point out that Finnish medium-sized enterprises had strategical features of PSM. However, Finnish firms have not concentrated on making strategies that relate to PSM. The elements that explain the existence of a supply strategy could be found in this study. It can be concluded from this study that there is an advantageous base for the development of strategic PSM, because nearly all the enterprises were of the opinion that PSM capabilities have an effect on business success. When reviewing the organisational capabilities, the five most important development elements were supplier relationships, both operational and strategic processes, time management, and personnel's competence. Training in internationalisation, strategic management, and communication could help to improve competences of PSM personnel.

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

eLearning through its flexibility and facility of access is seen as a major enabler of lifelong learning (LLL), as a catalyst of change and a chance for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to improve their business and to integrate into European market. But so far the eLearning in the context of vocational educational training has been mainly adopted by large enterprises, while only little activity can be observed in SMEs. The question arises what the chances and challenges for SMEs are and what is the experience with its usage. In this paper after a presentation of key issues in eLearning chances and challenges of eLearning for SMEs are discussed and experiences are exemplified by three EU-funded eLearning projects. The focus lies on the ongoing project ARIEL - Analysing and Reporting the Implementation of Electronic Learning in Europe - coordinated by the Institut Arbeit und Technik (IAT).

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Having arisen in large corporations, six sigma is surely one of the most comprehensive approaches for company development and performance improvement of products and processes. Nevertheless, it appears that the majority of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) either do not know the six sigma approach, or find its organisation not suitable to meet their specific requirements. This study identifies the specific requirements based on a sample of SMEs in Germany and examines how six sigma has to be modified to be applicable and valuable in an SME environment. The overall results are reflected in ten imperative functional requirements for an adjusted approach. Emerald Group Publishing Limited.

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The purpose of this paper is to deal with the outcomes of a so-called employability management needs analysis that is meant to provide more insight into current employability management activities and its possible benefits for Information and Communication Technology (ICT) professionals working in Small- and Medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) throughout Europe. A considerable series of interviews (N=107) were conducted with managers in SMEs in seven European countries, including Germany, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, and the UK. A semi-structured interview protocol was used during the interviews to cover three issues: employability (13 items), ageing (8 items), and future developments and requirements (13 items). Analysis of all final interview transcriptions was at a national level using an elaborate common coding scheme. Although an interest in employability emerged, actual policy and action lagged behind. The recession in the ICT sector at the time of the investigation and the developmental stage of the sector in each participating country appeared connected. Ageing was not seen as a major issue in the ICT sector because managers considered ICT to be a relatively young sector. There appeared to be a serious lack of investment in the development of expertise of ICT professionals. Generalization of the results to large organizations in the ICT sector should be made with caution. The interview protocol developed is of value for further research and complements survey research undertaken within the employability field of study. It can be concluded that proactive HRM (Human Resource Management) policies and strategies are essential, even in times of economic downturn. Employability management activities are especially important in the light of current career issues. The study advances knowledge regarding HRM practices adopted by SMEs in the ICT sector, especially as there is a gap in knowledge about career development issues in that particular sector.

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Certification of an ISO 14001 Environmental Management System (EMS) is currently an important requirement for those enterprises wishing to sell their products in the context of a global market. The system`s structure is based on environmental impact evaluation (EIE). However, if an erroneous or inadequate methodology is applied, the entire process may be jeopardized. Many methodologies have been developed for making of EIEs, some of them are fairly complex and unsuitable for EMS implementation in an organizational context, principally when small and medium size enterprises (SMEs) are involved. The proposed methodology for EIE is part of a model for implementing EMS. The methodological approach used was a qualitative exploratory research method based upon sources of evidence such as document analyses, semi-structured interviews and participant observations. By adopting a cooperative implementation model based on the theory of system engineering, difficulties relating to implementation of the sub-system were overcome thus encouraging SMEs to implement EMS. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Tutkimus koostuu neljst artikkelista, jotka ksittelevt suomalaisten pienten ja keskisuurten teollisuusyritysten (PKT-yritysten) innovatiivisuutta, sen attribuutteja (ominaispiirteit) sek indikaattoreita. Tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan sek kirjallisuudessa esitettyj ett PKT-johtajien ja PKT-yritystenkehityshankkeiden rahoitusptksiin osallistuvien yritystutkijoiden haastatteluissa esittmi innovatiivisuuden mritelmi. Innovatiivisuusindikaattoreista tarkastellaan PKT-yritysten kehittmishankkeille sovellettavia rahoitus- ja arviointikriteerej sek yritysten ulkopuolisten rahoittajien ett PKT-johtajien nkkulmasta. Erityist huomiota kohdistetaan sovellettuihin laadullisiin ja ei-numeerisiin innovatiivisuuden arviointikriteereihin. Sek kirjallisuudessa ett kymmenen yritystutkijan ja kuuden esimerkkiyrityksen johtajan haastatteluissa innovaation uutuus yhdistetn innovatiivisuuteen. Muita trkeit innovatiivisuuteen liitettyj ominaisuuksia olivat markkinat, muista yrityksist erottuminen ja yksiliden luovuus. Ihmislheiset ja yksilihin liittyvt nkkulmat korostuvat yritystutkijoiden ja PKT-johtajien innovatiivisuuden mritelmiss, kun taas kirjallisuudessa annetaan enemmn painoa ympristlle, tuotteille ja markkinoille. Yritystutkijat pitivt yritykseen ja sen johtajaan liittyvi tekijit trkein rahoitettavien kehittmishankkeiden panosten arviointikriteerein. Tuotteiden kaupallinen menestys oli rahoittajan kannalta trkein tulostekij. Tarkastelluissa esimerkkiyrityksiss kehityshankkeista pttminen ja hankkeiden arviointi on toisaalta intuitiivista ja saattaa olla tiedostamatontakin, koska yritysten kehittmistoiminta on vhist. Pienyritysten johtajat korostavat arvioinnissa rahallisiamittareita, vaikka sek numeerisia ett laadullisia kriteereit sovelletaan. Todennkisin syy tlle on pienyritysten rajalliset taloudelliset voimavarat. Toinen mahdollinen syy rahoituksellisten tekijiden painottamiseen on, ett tmn pivn ihannejohtaja ymmrretn analyyttiseksi ja mm.rahavirtoja valvovaksi. Kuitenkin innovatiiviset yritysjohtajat pitvt innovaatioiden luomista yhten elmn hauskoista puolista. Innovatiiviset esimerkkiyritykset ovat tulevaisuuteen ja kasvuun suuntautuneita strategisella tasolla. Operationaalisella tasolla ne tuottavat keksintj ja innovaatioita. Patentteja tarkastelluilla yrityksill on kuitenkin vhn. Sek innovatiiviset ett vhemmn innovatiiviset esimerkkiyritykset ovat voimakkaasti asiakassuuntautuneita ja erikoistuneita tiettyihin tuotteisiin ja asiakkaisiin. Asiakkaiden tarpeita tyydytetn kehittmll niit vastaavia tuotteita. Tst johtuu, ett valtaosa yritysten kehittmistoiminnasta kohdistuu tuotteisiin tai tuotantoon.

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Tutkimuksen ptavoite on selvit infocom-toimialan pk-yritysten kansainvliset kasvustrategiat. Aluksi on tarkasteltu kasvua edesauttaneita ja hidastaneita tekijit, jotka muodostavat pohjan kansainvlisen kasvun suunnittelulle. Niden pohjalta on aikaisemmin esitettyihin teoriamalleihin ja yritysten kansainvlistymisen asteeseen yhdistettyn mritelty infocom-toimialan pk-yrityksten kansainvliset kasvustrategiavaihtoehdot. Tutkimuksen tarkasteluun on vaikuttanut born global-ilmi, jonka ppiirre on nopea kansainvlistyminen yrityksen aikaisessa kehitysvaiheessa. Tyn empiirisess osassa on havainnollistettu teoriassa ksiteltyj kansainvliseen kasvuun liittyvi tekijit. Empiirisess osassa on kytetty sek kvantitatiivisia ett kvalitatiivisia menetelmi. Kvantitatiivinen survey tutkimus on pohjautunut aineistoon, joka on kertty vuosina 1999-2000 Telecom Business Research Centeriss Lappeenrannassa. Kvalitatiivisessa case-tutkimuksessa on haastateltu infocom-toimialan pk-yrityksi. Nopeasti kehittyvn infocom-toimialan pk-yrityksille kansainvlistyminen on haaste ja trkein menestyksen edellytys. Pk-yritysten kasvuresurssit ovat rajalliset, mutta lisntyvn verkostoitumisen myt on yritysten vlisest yhteistyst saavutettu etuja, jotka ovat mahdollistaneet kansainvlisen kasvun. Markkinoiden muutosnopeus on suuri ja siksi strategisen suunnittelun aikavli lyhenee. Kansainvlisi kasvustrategioita muodostettaessa yritykset joutuvat samanaikaisesti turvautumaan useampaan eri kasvustrategiaan, joiden yhdistelmn yritysten merkittvimmksi kasvustrategiaksi muodostuvat hybridit kasvustrategiat.

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The objective of this research was to understand and describe what corpo-rate social and regional responsibility is in SMEs and define the meaning of these concepts to the community and region. Corporate social respon-sibility (CSR) creates a basis for regional responsibility. Regional respon-sibility is a new concept and this research examines it from SMEs view-point. This is a theoretical research and the aim is to create a theoretical framework of SMEs corporate social and regional responsibility. This framework supports the future research on the subject. The research results show that CSR of SMEs is practical, informal and dependent on the scarce resources of SMEs. CSR is a complex and deep concept and SMEs have their own way of interpreting it. It can be stated that CSR-practises in SMEs are closely connected to employment, envi-ronment, community and supply chain. The challenge is to find motivation to socially and regionally responsible behaviour in SMEs. Benefiting from responsible behaviour and the attitude of SMEs owner-manager are the key reasons for SMEs to involve in CSR and regional responsibility. The benefits of this involvement are for example improved image, reputation and market position. CSR can also be used in SMEs as risk management tool and in cost reduction. This study indicates also that creation of strate-gic partnerships, local government participation, a proper legal system and financial support are the basic issues which support CSR of SMEs. This research showed that regional responsibility of SMEs includes active participation in regional strategy processes, L&RED initiatives and regional philanthropy. For SMEs regional responsibility means good relationships with the community and other related stakeholders, involvement in L&RED initiatives and acting responsibly towards the operating environment. In SMEs case this means that they need to understand the benefits of this kind of involvement in order to take action and participate. As regional responsibility includes the relationships between firm and the community, it can be stated that regional responsibility extends CSRs view of stakeholders and emphasises both, the regional stakeholders and public-private partnerships. Community engagement and responsible be-haviour towards community can be seen as a part of SMEs social and regional responsibility. This study indicates that social and regional re-sponsibility of SMEs have a significant influence on the community and region where they are located. Better local and regional relationships with regional and community actors are the positive impacts of social and re-gional responsibility of SMEs. Socially and regionally responsible behav-iour creates a more positive environment and deepens the involvement of SMEs to community and L&RED initiatives.