Análise do processo de avaliação da aprendizagem de ações educativas de profissionais de enfermagem

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o processo de avaliação da aprendizagem realizado em treinamentos ministrados à equipe de enfermagem, no que se refere à eficácia dos treinamentos e à validade dos instrumentos. Trata-se de um estudo empírico, cujos achados apoiarão formulações teóricas para a construção de uma metodologia de avaliação. A análise consistiu em avaliações da aprendizagem em seis treinamentos, totalizando 993 avaliações. Com base nos resultados dos seis treinamentos avaliados, pôde-se perceber a necessidade de proposição de uma metodologia de avaliação, construindo critérios, instrumentos e indicadores para essa finalidade. Notou-se também que é preciso aprimorar a realização do diagnóstico relativo à necessidade de treinamento e às estratégias de ensino.

El bilingüismo en la interpretación. Estudio comparativo entre los tipos de bilingüismo enfocado a la interpretación

Este trabajo delimita el término bilingüismo y define los diferentes tipos estudiando qué relevancia tienen (ventajas y/o desventajas) en la interpretación. Se estudia si algún tipo de bilingüismo ofrece mayor predisposición para interpretar. Concluye con un experimento de Think Aloud Protocol (TAP) a estudiantes de interpretación castellano-alemán.

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Objective: To assess the factorial validity of the Portuguese version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory - Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS). Methods: Between November 2010 and November 2011 a Portuguese version of the MBI-HSS was applied to 151 Portuguese family doctors (55% women, median age 54 years). The factorial structure of the MBI-HSS was examined by principal component analysis (PCA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Internal consistency estimates of the MBI-HSS were determined with Cronbach's alpha. Results: The fit of the hypothesized three-factor model to the data was superior to the alternative two-factor and four-factor models. CFA supported MBI-HSS as an acceptable measure to evaluate burnout and deletion of items 12 and 16 improved the goodness of fit of the model. In PCA, the three-factor model explained 50.58% of the variance and the four-factor model did not lead to understandable components. Item 12 was also found to be problematic in PCA. The Cronbach's alpha was satisfactory for emotional exhaustion (alpha=0.90), lack of personal accomplishment (alpha=0.73), and depersonalization (alpha=0.64). Conclusion: The Portuguese version of the MBI-HSS was found to be reliable to measure burnout among Portuguese medical doctors. We also recommend the deletion of items 12 and 16 from the MBI-HSS.

Características de população de profissionais do sexo e sua associação com presença de doença sexualmente transmissível

Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever a população de profissionais do sexo, considerando características sociodemográficas, antecedentes gineco-obstétricos e comportamentais, e verificar a associação com a presença de doença sexualmente transmissível. Trata-se de estudo epidemiológico e transversal, realizado com 102 mulheres profissionais do sexo. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de entrevista e exames padrão-ouro para diagnóstico das doenças de interesse. A média de idade das mulheres foi de 26,1 anos, sendo que a maioria tinha nove ou mais anos de aprovação escolar, era solteira e teve coitarca antes dos 15 anos. A prática de sexo oral nos parceiros foi citada por 90,2% das mulheres, 99% delas relataram fazer uso de preservativo no trabalho, apenas 26,3% com parceiros fixos e 42,2% usavam drogas ilícitas. Não houve associação entre fatores sociodemográficos, antecedentes gineco-obstétricos e fatores comportamentais com presença de doença sexualmente transmissível e isso pode ser decorrente da escolaridade e do fato da população estudada possuir características muito semelhantes, dificultando o aparecimento de tais associações.

Educação interprofissional: formação de profissionais de saúde para o trabalho em equipe com foco nos usuários

São analisados os constructos teóricos da educação interprofissional com base em duas revisões de literatura, considerado o contexto da formação dos profissionais de saúde no Brasil. Identificam-se três tipos de formação: uniprofissional, multiprofissional e interprofissional, com predomínio da primeira, que ocorre entre estudantes de uma mesma profissão de forma isolada; a segunda, entre estudantes de duas ou mais profissões de forma paralela, sem haver interação, e na terceira há aprendizagem compartilhada, com interação entre estudantes e/ou profissionais de diferentes áreas. Destaca-se a distinção entre interprofissionalidade e interdisciplinaridade, referidas, respectivamente, como a integração das práticas profissionais e das disciplinas ou áreas de conhecimento. Mediante a análise apresentada, conclui-se que no contexto brasileiro, a educação interprofissional, base para o trabalho em equipe colaborativo, ainda está restrita a iniciativas recentes, que merecem estudo.

Management of basic health units in municipalities of different size: profile and management instruments

Objective To identify the characteristics of managers and their use of management instruments in primary care and to analyze differences in these features among municipalities of different sizes. Method The present cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at 108 basic health units from 21 municipalities in northern Paraná, Brazil. The data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire during the second half of 2010. Results Most managers had graduate degrees and were female and nurses. The managers from the small municipalities were younger, their payment was lower, and they had less work experience. The use of management instruments was expressive for both the organization and work management; however, the instruments were used less in the small municipalities. Conclusion The managers were committed to their role; it is recommended that policies and guidance should be formulated at the federal and state levels to support small municipalities.

Nursing Actions in practicing inpatient advocacy in a Burn Unit

OBJECTIVEUnderstanding nursing actions in the practice of inpatient advocacy in a burn unit.METHODA single and descriptive case study, carried out with nurses working in a referral burn center in southern Brazil. Data were collected through focus group technique, between February and March 2014, in three meetings. Data was analysed through discursive textual analysis.RESULTSThree emerging categories were identified, namely: (1) instructing the patient; (2) protecting the patient; and (3) ensuring the quality of care.CONCLUSIONSThis study identified that the nurses investigated exercised patient advocacy and that the recognition of their actions is an advance for the profession, contributing to the autonomy of nurses and the effectiveness of patients' rights and social justice.

Burned-out but proud Portuguese family doctors

Background: Burnout syndrome (BS) is increasing among health professionals, including family doctors (FD). Aim: To characterize the prevalence of BS in a sample of FDs working in the Portuguese National Health System. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: Primary Health Care Centers (HCC) from the 18 continental districts and 2 archipelagos of Portugal. Method: The Portuguese version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory - Human Services Survey (MBI - HSS) was sent to 40 randomly selected health-care centers (HCC) and distributed to the FDs employed. Sociodemographic and work-related data was also collected. Participants were classified as having high, average or low levels of emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP) and personal accomplishment (PA) dimensions of burnout. Results: 371 questionnaires were sent, of which 153 (83 women, age range 29-64 years; response rate 41%) returned. One quarter (25.5%) of participants had high EE, 10.1% high DP and 11.4% high PA, but only 2.0% of participants scored high for all three dimensions. Women had significantly higher DP and PA scores than men; increased daily workload also led to increased PA scores. Conversely, no association was found between BS scores and age, marital status, number of years of practice or type of HCC (Family or Personalized). Conclusion: High burnout is relatively common among Portuguese family doctors, yet slightly lower than reported for other European countries. Burnout relief measures should be developed in order to prevent a further increase of BS among Portuguese FDs.

Nursing beliefs and actions in exercising patient advocacy in a hospital context

AbstractOBJECTIVEAnalyzing beliefs and actions of nurses in exercising patient advocacy in a hospital context.METHODA quantitative cross-sectional exploratory and descriptive study, conducted with 153 nurses from two hospitals in southern Brazil, one public and one philanthropic, by applying Protective Nursing Advocacy Scale - Brazilian version. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and analysis of variance.RESULTSNurses believe they are advocating for patients in their workplaces, and agree that they should advocate, especially when vulnerable patients need their protection. Personal values and professional skills have been identified as major sources of support for the practice of advocacy.CONCLUSIONNurses do not disagree nor agree that advocating for patients in their working environments can bring them negative consequences. It is necessary to recognize how the characteristics of public and private institutions have helped or not helped in exercising patient advocacy by nurses.

El perfil lingüístico de los aprendientes en el aula multicultural de interpretación en los servicios públicos: Un modelo de análisis

Tras un repaso a los enfoques investigadores (psicolingüístico, sociocultural) en la interpretación de conferencias y en la interpretación en los servicios públicos (ISP), el presente trabajo analiza distintos paradigmas didácticos (paradigma socioconstructivista) en la búsqueda de una propuesta pedagógica para las aulas multiculturales de la ISP, partiendo del modelo de análisis del “Perfil Lingüístico” de los estudiantes. El presente trabajo desarrolla dicho modelo y lo lleva a cabo en un trabajo de campo, abriendo una nueva vía en la investigación de una pedagogía para la ISP.

Educação interprofissional e prática colaborativa na Atenção Primária à Saúde*

RESUMO Objetivo Compreender as percepções de docentes, trabalhadores e estudantes sobre a articulação da educação interprofissional com as práticas na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Método Qualitativo compreensivo e interpretativo, cuja coleta de dados foi realizada de 2012 a 2013, por meio de 18 entrevistas semiestruturadas com docentes e quatro sessões de grupos focais homogêneos com estudantes, docentes e trabalhadores da Atenção Primária. Resultados A triangulação dos resultados possibilitou a construção de duas categorias: prática colaborativa centrada no usuário e barreiras para educação interprofissional. A primeira indicou a necessidade de mudança do modelo de atenção e de formação dos profissionais de saúde, e a segunda apontou dificuldades percebidas pelos diferentes atores sociais no que se refere à implementação da educação interprofissional. Conclusão A educação interprofissional é incipiente no Brasil e sinaliza possibilidades de mudança em direção à prática colaborativa, mas requer maiores investimentos na articulação ensino-serviço.

Obese and fit adolescents have lower blood pressure levels than obese and unfit counterparts.

The aim of the study was to assess the effects of physical fitness on the relationships between body mass index (BMI) and body fat (BF) on blood pressure (BP) levels. Cross-sectional study conducted in 25 schools of Lisbon (Portugal), including 2041 boys and 1995 girls aged 10-18. BF was assessed by bioimpedance. Cardiovascular fitness was assessed by the 20-meter shuttle run and classified as fit/unfit. Obesity (BMI or BF defined) was defined according to international criteria. In both sexes, BMI was positively related with systolic and diastolic BP, while BF was only positively related with diastolic BP z-scores. No interaction was found between fitness and BMI categories regarding BP levels, while for BF a significant interaction was found. Being fit reduced the BF-induced increase in the Odds ratio (OR) of presenting with high BP: OR (95% confidence interval) 1.01 (0.73-1.40) and 0.99 (0.70-1.38) for overweight and obese fit boys, respectively, the corresponding values for unfit overweight and obese boys being 1.33 (0.94-1.90) and 1.75 (1.34-2.28), respectively. The values were 0.88 (0.57-1.35) and 1.66 (0.98-2.80) for overweight and obese fit girls, respectively, the corresponding values for unfit overweight and obese being 1.63 (1.12-2.37) and 1.90 (1.32-2.73) respectively. No interaction was found between fitness and BMI-defined overweight and obesity. Being fit reduces the negative impact of BF on BP levels and high BP status in adolescents. This protective effect was not found with BMI.