The Planned and the Emergent: An Alternative Model of Learning and Literacy

Within academic institutions, writing centers are uniquely situated, socially rich sites for exploring learning and literacy. I examine the work of the Michigan Tech Writing Center's UN 1002 World Cultures study teams primarily because student participants and Writing Center coaches are actively engaged in structuring their own learning and meaning-making processes. My research reveals that learning is closely linked to identity formation and leading the teams is an important component of the coaches' educational experiences. I argue that supporting this type of learning requires an expanded understanding of literacy and significant changes to how learning environments are conceptualized and developed. This ethnographic study draws on data collected from recordings and observations of one semester of team sessions, my own experiences as a team coach and UN 1002 teaching assistant, and interviews with Center coaches prior to their graduation. I argue that traditional forms of assessment and analysis emerging from individualized instruction models of learning cannot fully account for the dense configurations of social interactions identified in the Center's program. Instead, I view the Center as an open system and employ social theories of learning and literacy to uncover how the negotiation of meaning in one context influences and is influenced by structures and interactions within as well as beyond its boundaries. I focus on the program design, its enaction in practice, and how engagement in this type of writing center work influences coaches' learning trajectories. I conclude that, viewed as participation in a community of practice, the learning theory informing the program design supports identity formation —a key aspect of learning as argued by Etienne Wenger (1998). The findings of this study challenge misconceptions of peer learning both in writing centers and higher education that relegate peer tutoring to the role of support for individualized models of learning. Instead, this dissertation calls for consideration of new designs that incorporate peer learning as an integral component. Designing learning contexts that cultivate and support the formation of new identities is complex, involves a flexible and opportunistic design structure, and requires the availability of multiple forms of participation and connections across contexts.

Un modèle rétroactif de réconciliation utilité-confidentialité sur les données d’assurance

Le partage des données de façon confidentielle préoccupe un bon nombre d’acteurs, peu importe le domaine. La recherche évolue rapidement, mais le manque de solutions adaptées à la réalité d’une entreprise freine l’adoption de bonnes pratiques d’affaires quant à la protection des renseignements sensibles. Nous proposons dans ce mémoire une solution modulaire, évolutive et complète nommée PEPS, paramétrée pour une utilisation dans le domaine de l’assurance. Nous évaluons le cycle entier d’un partage confidentiel, de la gestion des données à la divulgation, en passant par la gestion des forces externes et l’anonymisation. PEPS se démarque du fait qu’il utilise la contextualisation du problème rencontré et l’information propre au domaine afin de s’ajuster et de maximiser l’utilisation de l’ensemble anonymisé. À cette fin, nous présentons un algorithme d’anonymat fortement contextualisé ainsi que des mesures de performances ajustées aux analyses d’expérience.

Constructs in Knowledge Organization Systems: Rhythm in Time, Intention, and Form

In the context of the International Society for Knowledge Organization, we often consider knowledge organization systems to comprise catalogues, thesauri, and bibliothecal classification schemes – schemes for library arrangement. In recent years we have added ontologies and folksonomies to our sphere of study. In all of these cases it seems we are concerned with improving access to information. We want a good system.And much of the literature from the late 19th into the late 20th century took that as their goal – to analyze the world of knowledge and the structures of representing it as its objects of study; again, with the ethos for creating a good system. In most cases this meant we had to be correct in our assertions about the universe of knowledge and the relationships that obtain between its constituent parts. As a result much of the literature of knowledge organization is prescriptive – instructing designers and professionals how to build or use the schemes correctly – that is to maximize redundant success in accessing information.In 2005, there was a turn in some of the knowledge organization literature. It has been called the descriptive turn. This is in relation to the otherwise prescriptive efforts of researchers in KO. And it is the descriptive turn that makes me think of context, languages, and cultures in knowledge organization–the theme of this year’s conference.Work in the descriptive turn questions the basic assumptions about what we want to do when we create, implement, maintain, and evaluate knowledge organization systems. Following on these assumptions researchers have examined a wider range of systems and question the motivations behind system design. Online websites that allow users to curate their own collections are one such addition, for example Pinterest (cf., Feinberg, 2011). However, researchers have also looked back at other lineages of organizing to compare forms and functions. For example, encyclopedias, catalogues raisonnés, archival description, and winter counts designed and used by Native Americans.In this case of online curated collections, Melanie Feinberg has started to examine the craft of curation, as she calls it. In this line of research purpose, voice, and rhetorical stance surface as design considerations. For example, in the case of the Pinterest, users are able and encouraged to create boards. The process of putting together these boards is an act of curation in contemporary terminology. It is describing this craft that comes from the descriptive turn in KO.In the second case, when researchers in the descriptive turn look back at older and varied examples of knowledge organization systems, we are looking for a full inventory of intent and inspiration for future design. Encyclopedias, catalogues raisonnés, archival description, and works of knowledge organization in other cultures provide a rich world for the descriptive turn. And researchers have availed themselves of this.

Bis-Alkoxycarbonylation And Difunctionalization Of Alkenes Employing Palladium(II) Or Nickel(II) Complexes As Catalysts

Section 1 is focused on the bis-alkoxycarbonylation reaction of olefins, catalyzed by aryl α-diimine/Pd(II) complexes, for the synthesis of succinic acid ester derivatives, important compounds in many industrial fields. The opening chapter (Chapter 1) of this thesis presents an overview of the basic chemistry of organopalladium compounds and carbonylation reactions, focusing on oxidative bis-alkoxycarbonylation processes. In Chapter 2 the results obtained in the bis-alkoxycarbonylation of 1,2-disubstituted olefins are reported. The reaction proceeds under very mild reaction conditions, using an aryl α-diimine/Pd(II) catalyst and p-benzoquinone as oxidant, in the presence of a suitable alcohol. This process proved to be very efficient, selective and diastereospecific and various 2,3-disubstituted succinic esters have been obtained in high yields. In Chapter 3 the first bis-alkoxycarbonylation reaction of acrylic esters and acrylic amides, leading to the synthesis of 2-alkoxycarbonyl and 2-carbamoyl succinates respectively, is reported. Remarkably, the utilized aryl α-diimine/Pd(II) catalyst is able to promote the carbonylation of both the β- and the generally non-reactive α- positions of these alkenes. The proposed catalytic cycle is supported by DFT calculations. Section 2 is mainly focused on the Ni-catalyzed difunctionalization of unactivated alkenes tethered to unstabilized ketones. This reaction allows for a wide range of pharmaceutically useful cyclic architectures to be obtained. Chapter 4 consists of an introduction to the difunctionalization reactions of unactivated olefins. In particular, intramolecular reactions will be discussed in detail. In Chapter 5 the results obtained from the Ni-catalyzed difunctionalization of unactivated alkenes tethered to unstabilized ketones are reported. The reaction proceeds through the formation of a zinc-enolate compound, followed by a cyclization/cross-coupling reaction, which takes place in the presence of a phosphine/Ni(II) complex and an (hetero)aryl electrophile, leading to different cyclic and bicyilc architectures. In Chapter 6, preliminary results concerning the anionic cyclization of zinc enolates tethered to unactivated alkenes are presented.

Performing inclusion and exclusion in the peer group. Children's social organization and peer socializing practices in the classroom

This PhD thesis investigates children’s peer practices in two primary schools in Italy, focusing on the ordinary and the Italian L2 classroom. The study is informed by the paradigm of language socialization and considers peer interactions as a ‘double opportunity space’, allowing both children’s co-construction of their social organization and children’s sociolinguistic development. These two foci of attention are explored on the basis of children’s social interaction and of the verbal, embodied, and material resources that children agentively deploy during their mundane activities in the peer group. The study is based on a video ethnography that lasted nine months. Approximately 30 hours of classroom interactions were video-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed with an approach that combines the micro-analytic instruments of Conversation Analysis and the use of ethnographic information. Three main social phenomena were selected for analysis: (a) children’s enactment of the role of the teacher, (b) children’s reproduction of must-formatted rules, and (c) children’s argumentative strategies during peer conflict. The analysis highlights the centrality of the institutional frame for children’s peer interactions in the classroom. Moreover, the study illustrates that children socialize their classmates to the linguistic, social, and moral expectations of the context in and through various practices. Notably, these practices are also germane to the local negotiation of children’s social organization and hierarchy. Therefore, the thesis underlines that children’s peer interactions are both a resource for children’s sociolinguistic development and a potentially problematic locus where social exclusion is constructed and brought to bear. These insights are relevant for teachers’ professional practice. Children’s peer interactions are a resource that can be integrated in everyday didactics. Nevertheless, the role of the teacher in supervising and steering children’s peer practices appears crucial: an acritical view of children’s autonomous work, often implied in teaching methods such as peer tutoring, needs to be problematized.

Design, realization, and characterization of complex reaction networks in dynamic mechanically interlocked molecules

The experimental projects discussed in this thesis are all related to the field of artificial molecular machines, specifically to systems composed of pseudorotaxane and rotaxane architectures. The characterization of the peculiar properties of these mechano-molecules is frequently associated with the analysis and elucidation of complex reaction networks; this latter aspect represents the main focus and central thread tying my thesis work. In each chapter, a specific project is described as summarized below: the focus of the first chapter is the realization and characterization of a prototype model of a photoactivated molecular transporter based on a pseudorotaxane architecture; in the second chapter is reported the design, synthesis, and characterization of a [2]rotaxane endowed with a dibenzylammonium station and a novel photochromic unit that acts as a recognition site for a DB24C8 crown ether macrocycle; in the last chapter is described the synthesis and characterization of a [3]rotaxane in which the relative number of rings and stations can be changed on command.

Big Code Applications and Approaches

The availability of a huge amount of source code from code archives and open-source projects opens up the possibility to merge machine learning, programming languages, and software engineering research fields. This area is often referred to as Big Code where programming languages are treated instead of natural languages while different features and patterns of code can be exploited to perform many useful tasks and build supportive tools. Among all the possible applications which can be developed within the area of Big Code, the work presented in this research thesis mainly focuses on two particular tasks: the Programming Language Identification (PLI) and the Software Defect Prediction (SDP) for source codes. Programming language identification is commonly needed in program comprehension and it is usually performed directly by developers. However, when it comes at big scales, such as in widely used archives (GitHub, Software Heritage), automation of this task is desirable. To accomplish this aim, the problem is analyzed from different points of view (text and image-based learning approaches) and different models are created paying particular attention to their scalability. Software defect prediction is a fundamental step in software development for improving quality and assuring the reliability of software products. In the past, defects were searched by manual inspection or using automatic static and dynamic analyzers. Now, the automation of this task can be tackled using learning approaches that can speed up and improve related procedures. Here, two models have been built and analyzed to detect some of the commonest bugs and errors at different code granularity levels (file and method levels). Exploited data and models’ architectures are analyzed and described in detail. Quantitative and qualitative results are reported for both PLI and SDP tasks while differences and similarities concerning other related works are discussed.

Structural and biophysical characterization of RAD52 as novel pharmacological target for synthetic lethality

RAD52 is a protein involved in various DNA reparation mechanisms. In the last few years, RAD52 has been proposed as a novel pharmacological target for cancer synthetic lethality strategies. Hence, this work has the purpose to investigate RAD52 protein, with biophysical and structural tools to shed light on proteins features and mechanistic details that are, up to now poorly described, and to design novel strategies for its inhibition. My PhD work had two goals: the structural and functional characterization of RAD52 and the identification of novel RAD52 inhibitors. For the first part, RAD52 was characterized both for its DNA interaction and oligomerization state together with its propensity to form high molecular weight superstructures. Moreover, using EM and Cryo-EM techniques, additional RAD52 structural hallmarks were obtained, valuable both for understanding protein mechanism of action and for drug discovery purpose. The second part of my PhD project focused on the design and characterization of novel RAD52 inhibitors to be potentially used in combination therapies with PARPi to achieve cancer cells synthetic lethality, avoiding resistance occurrence and side effects. With this aim we selected and characterized promising RAD52 inhibitors through three different approaches: 19F NMR fragment-based screening; virtual screening campaign; aptamers computational design. Selected hits (fragments, molecules and aptamers) were investigated for their binding to RAD52 and for their mechanism of inhibition. Collected data highlighted the identification of hits worthy to be developed into more potent and selective RAD52 inhibitors. Finally, a side project carried out during my PhD is reported. GSK-3β protein, an already validated pharmacological target was investigated using biophysical and structural biology tools. Here, an innovative and adaptable drug discovery screening pipeline able to directly identify selective compounds with binding affinities not higher than a reference binder was developed.

Cultural differences in nonverbal communication and their implications in public service interpreting

This paper intends to underline the importance of nonverbal cues in intercultural communication and especially in the profession of the interpreter in the public services. The first chapter focuses on giving an overview on the different components of nonverbal communication by providing a definition and examples. The chapter then analyses the different functions carried out by nonverbal language. The second chapter addresses cultural differences related to nonverbal language and provides examples for every component of nonverbal language. It also explains the distinction between high context cultures and low context cultures. Lastly, the third chapter first gives an overview on Public Service Interpreting (PSI), explaining the main features and characteristics. It then provides real examples of cultural misunderstandings related to nonverbal language which occurred in public services and gives the techniques used by interpreters to solve them. This chapter includes examples of various nonverbal cues including eye contact, touch, silence, and hand gestures.

O jogo de futebol no contexto escolar e extraescolar : encontro, confronto e atualização

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

A formação continuada do professor de educação fisica : possibilitando praticas reflexivas

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

(FAB11_2_003) Authentic Japanese architecture after Bruno Taut: the problem of eclecticism

This paper will examine attitudes to eclectic stylistic borrowing in Japan in the twentieth century in light of the concept of authenticity. I am particularly interested in how an earlier claim correlating European modernist and traditional Japanese architecture continues to colour conceptions about what is an 'authentic' response for Japanese architects to make to contemporary conditions. Non-Western and vernacular architectures generally have been the repository for touristic desires for regional authenticity and difference. Yet Japan's unique role in the development of modernist architecture has given a peculiar intensity to the demand for its architecture to resist a perceived postmodern decadence.

Chondroitin sulfates modulate axon guidance in embryonic Xenopus brain

Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans display both inhibitory and stimulatory effects on cell adhesion and neurite outgrowth in vitro. The functional activity of these proteoglycans appears to be context specific and dependent on the presence of different chondroitin sulfate-binding molecules. Little is known about the role of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in the growth and guidance of axons in vivo. To address this question, we examined the effects of exogenous soluble chondroitin sulfates on the growth and guidance of axons arising from a subpopulation of neurons in the vertebrate brain which express NOC-2, a novel glycoform of the neural cell adhesion molecule N-CAM. Intact brains of stage 28 Xenopus embryos were unilaterally exposed to medium containing soluble exogenous chondroitin sulfates. When exposed to chondroitin sulfate, NOC-2(+) axons within the tract of the postoptic commissure failed to follow their normal trajectory across the ventral midline via the ventral commissure in the midbrain. Instead, these axons either stalled or grew into the dorsal midbrain or continued growing longitudinally within the ventral longitudinal tract. These findings suggest that chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans indirectly modulate the growth and guidance of a subpopulation of forebrain axons by regulating either matrix-bound or cell surface cues at specific choice points within the developing vertebrate brain. (C) 1998 Academic Press.

The Limits of Rational Choice: New Institutionalism in the Test Bed of Central Banking Politics in Australia

This paper tests the explanatory capacities of different versions of new institutionalism by examining the Australian case of a general transition in central banking practice and monetary politics: namely, the increased emphasis on low inflation and central bank independence. Standard versions of rational choice institutionalism largely dominate the literature on the politics of central banking, but this approach (here termed RC1) fails to account for Australian empirics. RC1 has a tendency to establish actor preferences exogenously to the analysis; actors' motives are also assumed a priori; actor's preferences are depicted in relatively static, ahistorical terms. And there is the tendency, even a methodological requirement, to assume relatively simple motives and preference sets among actors, in part because of the game theoretic nature of RC1 reasoning. It is possible to build a more accurate rational choice model by re-specifying and essentially updating the context, incentives and choice sets that have driven rational choice in this case. Enter RC2. However, this move subtly introduces methodological shifts and new theoretical challenges. By contrast, historical institutionalism uses an inductive methodology. Compared with deduction, it is arguably better able to deal with complexity and nuance. It also utilises a dynamic, historical approach, and specifies (dynamically) endogenous preference formation by interpretive actors. Historical institutionalism is also able to more easily incorporate a wider set of key explanatory variables and incorporate wider social aggregates. Hence, it is argued that historical institutionalism is the preferred explanatory theory and methodology in this case.

Mudan??as organizacionais no processo de moderniza????o da Secretaria da Fazenda do Estado de Pernambuco

A partir de 1998, teve in??cio, na Secretaria da Fazenda do Estado de Pernambuco, o Programa de Moderniza????o Fazend??ria (Promofaz), que promoveu diversas mudan??as organizacionais, concentrando esfor??os em projetos estruturadores, incluindo investimentos no planejamento de tecnologia da informa????o (TI). Dentre os projetos de TI, destacou-se a elabora????o das arquiteturas de sistemas e tecnol??gicas. Neste trabalho, foi realizada uma revis??o dos processos organizacionais da moderniza????o fazend??ria, abrangendo aspectos de cultura, mudan??a e aprendizagem organizacionais, confrontados com referenciais hist??ricos e te??ricos, e maior enfoque na ??rea de tecnologia da informa????o. Apesar das dificuldades, o processo de informatiza????o tem provocado fortes impactos nos componentes culturais da institui????o. Sem a utiliza????o da tecnologia da informa????o como ferramenta, provavelmente n??o se implantariam os novos modelos de gest??o adotados pela Sefaz, mas se observou que a tecnologia, sozinha, n??o faz o milagre da mudan??a, sendo necess??rio todo um conjunto de esfor??os e um trabalho paralelo com outros fatores de mudan??a.