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This paper discusses the use of a directional microphone by hearing aid users.

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El presente trabajo está orientado al análisis, evolución y proyección del Sector Cooperativo controlado por la Superintendencia de Bancos y Seguros en el Ecuador en el período comprendido 2002 – 2009, para lo cual se ha considerado la evolución y Crecimiento del Sistema Financiero Ecuatoriano en los últimos 9 años junto con la importancia del Sistema Cooperativo en el Ecuador, además de la participación del Sistema Cooperativo en las principales cuentas del Sistema Financiero siendo estas: Activos, Pasivos, Patrimonio, Obligaciones con el Público y Cartera, bajo este contexto también se muestra una breve descripción de la Bancarización y Profundización del Sector Cooperativo y su comportamiento durante el 2002 al 2010. Otro aspecto importante dentro de este estudio es la manera en la que el sector cooperativo administra sus recursos financieros, en tal virtud se realizó una evaluación financiera orientada a las cooperativas grandes, medianas, pequeñas y muy pequeñas junto con la permanencia en el tiempo a través del CAMEL, éste método permitió evaluar el comportamiento del sector cooperativo regulado por la Superintendencia de Bancos y Seguros de forma integral y el tipo de calificación de acuerdo a su manejo; alcanzando para el 2010una calificación A (2 cooperativas) y una calificación D (5 cooperativas) en tanto que para el 2002 se obtuvo una calificación de BBB (1 cooperativa) y calificación D (5 cooperativas),lo cual evidencia un mayor control en el manejo de balances para el año 2010 en comparación al 2002. Finalmente, se elaboró una regresión Arimade la cual se pudo visualizar que para diciembre de 2014 los Activos, Pasivos, Patrimonio, Obligaciones con el Público y Cartera de Crédito tendrán un crecimiento de 3.480 millones, 2.946 millones, 525 millones, 2.627 millones, 2.443 millones respectivamente, siendo mayor que para diciembre de 2011.

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The mortality (7 and 14 d), weight change (7 and 14 d), and metal uptake of Eisenia fetida (Savigny, 1826) kept in Pb(NO3)(2)-treated Kettering loam soil in single- and multiple-occupancy (10 earthworms) test containers were determined. The number of earthworms to dry mass (g) ratio of soil was 1:50 in both sets of test containers. Lead concentrations were in the nominal range of 0 to 10,000 mg Pb/kg soil (mg/kg hereafter). Levels of mortality at a given concentration were statistically identical between the single- and multiple-occupancy tests, except at 1,800 mg/kg, at which significantly (p less than or equal to 0.05) more mortality occurred in the multiple-occupancy tests. Death of individual earthworms in the multiple-occupancy tests did not trigger death of the other earthworms in that soil. The LC50 values (concentration statistically likely to kill 50% of the population) were identical between the multiple- and single-occupancy soils: 2,662 mg/kg (2,598-2,984, 7 d) and 2,589 mg/kg (2,251-3,013, 14 d) for the multiple-occupancy soils and 2,827 mg/kg (2,443-3,168, both 7 and 14 d) for the single-occupancy soils (values in brackets represent the 95% confidence intervals). Data were insufficient to calculate the concentration statistically likely to reduce individual earthworm mass by 50% (EC50), but after 14 d, the decrease in earthworm weight in the 1,800 and 3,000 mg/kg tests was significantly greater in the multiple- than in the single-occupancy soils. At 1,000, 1,800, and 3,000 mg/kg tests, earthworm Pb tissue concentration was significantly (p less than or equal to 0.05) greater in earthworms from the multiple-occupancy soils. The presence of earthworms increased the NH3 content of the soil; earthworm mortality increased NH3 concentrations further but not to toxic levels.

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In this article, we examine the case of a system that cooperates with a “direct” user to plan an activity that some “indirect” user, not interacting with the system, should perform. The specific application we consider is the prescription of drugs. In this case, the direct user is the prescriber and the indirect user is the person who is responsible for performing the therapy. Relevant characteristics of the two users are represented in two user models. Explanation strategies are represented in planning operators whose preconditions encode the cognitive state of the indirect user; this allows tailoring the message to the indirect user's characteristics. Expansion of optional subgoals and selection among candidate operators is made by applying decision criteria represented as metarules, that negotiate between direct and indirect users' views also taking into account the context where explanation is provided. After the message has been generated, the direct user may ask to add or remove some items, or change the message style. The system defends the indirect user's needs as far as possible by mentioning the rationale behind the generated message. If needed, the plan is repaired and the direct user model is revised accordingly, so that the system learns progressively to generate messages suited to the preferences of people with whom it interacts.