Effect of gender on ownership and income in veterinary practice

Objective To estimate the effect of gender on ownership and income in veterinary practice in Australia. Methods Questionnaire completed by private veterinary practitioners, and analysed using the SAS System for Windows 7.0. Results More than three-quarters (78%) of male but 36% of female private practitioners were partial or sole owners of practices. The median annual income for all male practitioners working more than 40 hours/week was $70K, but that for females was $43K. These disparities existed in both city and country practices, and in the case of income it increased with increasing time in the workforce. Male practice owners also reported higher incomes than female owners. Conclusions Female veterinary practitioners are less likely to own practices, and more likely to earn low incomes than males. These differentials do not appear to be due to location, hours worked or years since graduation or, in the case of income, to whether they are owners or employees. The evidence points to a lower interest by women than men in the business aspects of veterinary practice.

Paid employment of mothers and fathers of an adult child with multiple disabilities

Background Paid employment is increasingly undertaken by mothers as their children age, with the majority of women being in employment by the time their offspring are adult. Opportunities to engage in employment appear to be reduced for mothers of children with disabilities; however, little is known about the employment of mothers or fathers of adults with disabilities. Method Data were collected regarding the employment decisions of parents of a young adult with multiple disabilities and contrasted with those of parents whose children were all developing normally. Twenty-five mothers and 12 fathers of a young adult with multiple disabilities were interviewed, as were 25 comparison mothers and 19 comparison fathers. Data collected included hours of work, reasons for employment status, attitudes towards work and child care, and psychological well-being. Results Clear differences were found between the two groups. Mothers and fathers of a child with multiple disabilities showed different engagement patterns with the paid workforce from comparison parents. Hours of work for fathers of a young adult with multiple disabilities showed a bi-modal distribution, with some fathers working fewer hours than usual and others working very long hours. For mothers in both groups, the number of hours in paid employment was negatively associated with reports of psychological problems. Conclusions Increased attention needs to be given to the employment opportunities of parents of children with disabilities since employment appears to play a protective role for mothers, in particular. Services provided to adults with disabilities will need to change if parents are to have the same life chances as parents without adult offspring with a disability.

A renova????o das organiza????es: gerenciando transi????es na for??a de trabalho

Este relat??rio oferece solu????es pr??ticas e elementos cruciais para a gest??o de transi????es na for??a de trabalho extra??dos de experi??ncias de organiza????es p??blicas importantes e de outras jurisdi????es. Os estudos de casos apresentados s??o abrangentes e permitem que qualquer minist??rio ou ??rg??o identifique aplica????es adequadas para as situa????es que est??o enfrentando- desde o Minist??rio das Estat??sticas do Canad?? (StatisticsCanada), que tem mantido esquema de planejamento de sucess??es e de desenvolviemento de carreiras h?? muito tempo, ?? Secretaria de Transportes do Canad?? (Canadian Transportation Agency), que, embora seja pequena e enfrente restri????es or??ament??rias, tem enfocado o planejamento de recursos humanos como objetivo priorit??rio

A evolu????o do perfil da for??a de trabalho e das remunera????es nos setores p??blico e privado ao longo da d??cada de 1990

Este artigo buscar?? tra??ar um panorama da evolu????o do perfil da for??a de trabalho e dos sal??rios praticados no setor p??blico ao longo da d??cada de 1990, buscando compar??-la com o comportamento observado no setor privado, e sugerir medidas para a melhoria do sistema salarial. Na primeira se????o, ser?? apresentada uma compara????o entre os perfis da for??a de trabalho nos dois setores, enquanto na segunda ser?? analisada a evolu????o das remunera????es e desenvolvido um modelo geral de determina????o dos sal??rios, que possibilitar?? a an??lise dos diferenciais de remunera????o entre os trabalhadores com caracter??sticas pessoais semelhantes nos dois setores. A terceira se????o se ocupar?? da discuss??o em torno das distor????es que ainda persistem no sistema salarial no setor p??blico federal, apesar do processo de aprimoramento pelo qual passou nos ??ltimos anos, e apresentar?? algumas sugest??es para suprimi-las.

Pais adolescentes : vivência e significação

Foram investigadas mudanças ocorridas na vida de pais adolescentes e identificados os significados da paternidade e da maternidade para esses jovens. Oito participantes com idades de 16 a 21 anos foram entrevistados com base em roteiro focalizando: mudanças decorrentes da paternidade; significados da paternidade e da maternidade; práticas parentais. Entre as mudanças referidas destacaram-se a perda de liberdade e a inserção no mercado de trabalho. Para eles ser pai significa, principalmente, trabalhar para prover as necessidades da criança e também educar, dar carinho e atenção. A mãe é aquela que cuida e dá carinho, sacrifica-se e é a figura mais importante na vida da criança. As práticas parentais mais mencionadas estavam relacionadas com lazer e brincadeiras. Os dados indicaram a permanência de forte vínculo com os modelos tradicionais de parentalidade, embora tenham mostrado também a emergência de relações afetivas significativas entre pais e filhos.

Adolescente e ato infracional : uma investigação acerca da medida socioeducativa de internação na cidade do Recife-PE

RESUMO: Este estudo procura avaliar a Medida Socioeducativa de Internação decretada a adolescentes autores de ato infracional na Cidade do Recife no ano de 2009. É um trabalho de grande importância para a sociedade brasileira, sobretudo, no que diz respeito ao combate à violência juvenil, à criminalidade em geral, e à construção de um mundo mais justo e solidário. Escolhemos a Cidade do Recife, Capital do Estado de Pernambuco, localizada na região Nordeste do Brasil, para ser o local da nossa pesquisa, por ser esta uma das mais violentas cidades do país. No decorrer desta pesquisa fizemos ainda uma breve análise do cenário sociológico da adolescência na Cidade do Recife. Em seguida estudamos o cenário jurídico dos adolescentes autores de ato infracional com base no Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente – Lei nº 8.069/1990, analisando a evolução histórica do tratamento legal dispensado a estes jovens, abordando o conceito de adolescente e ato infracional, e investigando as Medidas Socioeducativas previstas na legislação brasileira, sobretudo, a Medida de Internação, pelo fato de ser a mais grave delas. Assim, além investigarmos através de dados estatísticos o quantitativo por gênero de adolescentes autores de ato infracional aos quais foram decretadas Medida de Internação, observamos os tipos de atos infracionais mais praticados. Intentamos, dessa forma, questionar a violência juvenil e o modo como a sociedade e as instituições envolvidas têm tratado a questão. Para tanto, foram realizadas entrevistas com servidores da Fundação de Atendimento Socioeducativo- FUNASE, entidade que trabalham diretamente com a reeducação de adolescentes autores de ato infracional submetidos à Internação na Cidade do Recife, para analisar como estão sendo aplicadas essas medidas. ABSTRACT: This study aims to evaluate the Socioeducational Measure of Internation decreed to transgressor teenagers in the City of Recife at the year 2009. This study has a big importance to Brazilian society, above all, because focalize the combat of the juvenile violence in Recife, Capital of the State of Pernambuco on the northwest of the Brazil, one of the most violent city of Brazil. During this investigation, was done a brief analysis of sociological scenery of teenage in this City. It was studied too, the juridical scenery of teenagers that committed any kind of transgression, based on the Statue of Child and the Adolescent- law n° 8.069/1990, analyzing the historical evolution of lawful treatment put into practice to this people, using the concept of adolescent and infracional act, and observing the social and educative punishment in the penal justice system of Brazil, and detaching the measure of internation, that is the gravest form of punishment. So, in this study it was investigated the quantity of transgressors adolescents based in gender and the kinds of transgression most practiced by them which results on internation measure decreed. This way, the purpose of this study is discuss about young violence and the way that society and institutions have faced this question. For this, it was realized interviews with Foundation of Socioeducative Attendance – FUNASE workers, that work directly with re-education of adolescents that committed any transgression and were submitted to internation punishment, in order to analyze how are being applied these measures.

Portugal making a difference with children and families: the GADIF model

Portugal is a culture grounded in strong traditions and family. Yet, social changes like women returning to the workforce and a decreas ed national birth rate are impacting the traditional family structure and care giving environments of children. Female employment has been increasing steadily in P ortugal over the last three decades (Galego & Pereira, 2006) and the total fert ility rate decreasing from 4.1 to 2.8 (INE, 2006). Furthermore, extended family me mbers, like grandparents, no longer reside close by to their children and grandc hildren as in the past, because of a changing labor market. Many of the younger gen eration are leaving their rural communities to flock to urban areas because o f job opportunities, leaving behind older relatives who would have otherwise par ticipated in the daily care of children. Given these social and economic changes, children are spending more time in out-of-home care with non-familial caregive rs. Yet, government regulations and guidelines in early care and educat ion (ECCE) and early intervention (EI) are only just emerging; it contin ues to be a work in progress.

Os desafios da qualificação profissional pós-secundária não-superior (nível 4) para a inovação empresarial no contexto da União Europeia e dos países da OCDE

A maioria das nações mais desenvolvidas deve, em larga medida, a sua prosperidade à produtividade da sua força de trabalho. Esta produtividade relaciona-se, fundamentalmente, com dois aspectos essenciais. Por um lado, com o nível e adequação das qualificações e competências da população activa, as quais permitem desenvolver o empreendedorismo e criar riqueza e, por outro, com a qualidade e grau de sofisticação dos equipamentos, tecnologias, modelos de organização e sistemas de gestão de que as empresas dispõem. Nesta comunicação, elaborada por convite para apresentação na sessão comemorativa do 20º aniversário da AFTEM, no Porto, após a contextualização das exigências do mercado de trabalho em resultado da inovação empresarial e da emergência das economias baseadas no conhecimento, apresentam-se alguns estudos recentemente concluídos em diversos países e regiões da OCDE, nomeadamente, Austrália, Irlanda, Reino Unido e Escócia – nos quais se foca a necessidade de incrementar o nível de qualificações para responder às necessidades do tecido produtivo por forma a manter a competitividade da indústria e serviços desses países e regiões à escala global; em particular realça-se a importância de se aumentar a percentagem de população activa com nível 4 de qualificação profissional. Aborda-se, ainda, a situação da formação pós secundária não superior em Portugal (nível 4). Conclui-se, formulando algumas recomendações em termos de estratégias e de trabalho futuro com vista a dinamizar as oportunidades de qualificação de nível 4, em estreita articulação com as empresas, como forma de o tecido produtivo nacional dispor de níveis de qualificação de recursos humanos que permitam a mobilidade para novas actividades com maior valor acrescentado e, por esta via, atingir níveis de rentabilidade semelhante à dos restantes estados membros da UE e de outros países da OCDE.

The role of Lifelong Learning in the creation of a knowledge-based society for Europe: european policies

Link do editor: http://www.igi-global.com/chapter/role-lifelong-learning-creation-european/13314

Learning in higher education: strategies to overcome challenges faced by adult students - lessons drawn from two studies in portugal

Int’l J. of Information and Communication Technology Education, 3(2), 1-14, April-June 2007

Improving the learning experience and learning environment of adults in Higher Education – Project LIHE: the Portuguese case

Project LIHE: the Portuguese Case. ESREA Fourth Access Network Conference – “Equity, Access and Participation: Research, Policy and Practice”. Edinburgh (Scotland), 11 – 13 December, 2003.

New challenges in mathematics for the european higher education

In this paper we will talk about a math project submitted to the Lifelong Learning Programme. European higher education needs a reform in order to play its full role in the Europe of Knowledge. Modernisation of higher education is necessary in the areas of curricula (Bologna process), funding and governance so that higher education institutions can face the challenges posed by globalisation and contribute more effectively to the training and retraining of the European workforce. On the other hand Mathematics is an essential component of all educational systems. Mathematical literacy is being scrutinized in assessment efforts such as the OCDE Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). This showed a low level in Europe. Due to the Bologna Process, which brought several didactical implications for Higher Education (HE) institutions, there is the need of lifelong learning. This evolution is in conflict with the earlier mentioned lack of competencies on basic sciences, such as Mathematics. Forced by this duality, efforts are combined to share expertise in the Math field and the integration of pedagogical methodologies becomes a necessity. Thus, several European countries have proposed an International Project to the Lifelong Learning Programme, Action ERASMUS Modernisation of Higher Education, to make institutions more attractive and more responsive to the needs of the labour market, citizens and society at large. One of the main goals of the project is to attract students to math through high-quality instructional units in an understandable, exciting and attractive way.

The Role of lifelong learning in creation of a european knowledge-based society

The dominant discourse in education and training policies, at the turn of the millennium, was on lifelong learning (LLL) in the context of a knowledge-based society. As Green points (2002, pp. 611-612) several factors contribute to this global trend: The demographic change: In most advanced countries, the average age of the population is increasing, as people live longer; The effects of globalisation: Including both economic restructuring and cultural change which have impacts on the world of education; Global economic restructuring: Which causes, for example, a more intense demand for a higher order of skills; the intensified economic competition, forcing a wave of restructuring and creating enormous pressure to train and retrain the workforce In parallel, the “significance of the international division of labour cannot be underestimated for higher education”, as pointed out by Jarvis (1999, p. 250). This author goes on to argue that globalisation has exacerbated differentiation in the labour market, with the First World converting faster to a knowledge economy and a service society, while a great deal of the actual manufacturing is done elsewhere.

Futebol: o caminho de África até à Europa

Similarly to its past, Africa plays a similar role in the football world as it did during History, if we look at the creation of some of the most powerful empires in the world (the Portuguese, French or English, for example) – as an almost unlimited workforce ‘supplier’. Africa is still searching for its own place in the football world map. With a recent history filled with social conflicts, civil wars and racial discrimination, it was possibly in this continent that the sport was first seen as a means towards social evolution and as ‘peacemaker’. Although these problems also exist in African stadiums, supporters all over the continent go to matches to celebrate and socialize; in a reality constantly shrouded in conflicts and oppression, football is like a ‘light at the end of the tunnel’ to those who believe in a continent sustained by healthy political relations between countries, democratic values and a socially fair ‘use’ of a country’s potential – and always for the profit of its own people. But while see the attempt to use football with that objective, others see it as their ticket out of their country, to avoid getting involved in military conflicts and seek better life conditions for themselves and their families (both those who accompany them and those who remain in Africa). Others, still, try to make the most of others’ will to leave a less favourable social reality; Portugal, for its past as a colonizing country, also saw in the African players a way to develop the football phenomenon in its European territory. This article attempts to analyze the influence of Portuguese colonialism in the emigration of African players to Europe, since Portugal presents itself as one of the biggest ‘importers’ of these players.

Factors associated with depression symptoms in high school students in São Paulo, Brazil

OBJECTIVE: To assess factors associated with depression symptoms in high school students. METHODS: A cross-sectional study involving high school students was conducted in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, 2001. A total of 724 students aged 14-18 years answered questionnaires on life and health conditions. Another questionnaire was applied to working (44.8%) and unemployed (22.9%) students to collect information on working conditions. Factors associated to depressive disorders were analyzed using multiple logistic regression controlled for occupational status. RESULTS: Overall prevalence rate of depression was 7.5%. Rates according to gender were 39 (10.3%) in females and 15 (4.3%) in males. The multiple logistic regression analysis showed that factors associated with depressive disorders were: poor self-perception of health (OR=5.78), being female (OR = 2.45), and alcohol consumption (OR=2.35). CONCLUSIONS: The study results showed that sociodemographic, lifestyle and health variables were associated with symptoms of depression in this population. These ndings suggest that it is important to have mental health professionals available in high schools for early detection of mental conditions and student counseling.