Média-arte digital : arte na era do artefacto digital/computacional

Vivemos atualmente a denominada revolução tecnológica cujos contornos ou mesmo linhas futuras de desenvolvimento nos são ainda em larga medida desconhecidos fruto sobretudo da sua acelerada evolução que não cessa de nos surpreender com novos e imprevisíveis resultados. O computador pessoal, a rede Web, ou mesmo a massificação dos dispositivos móveis de informação e comunicação que hoje assistimos no mundo inteiro, são bons exemplos de marcos evolutivos da revolução tecnológica, em grande medida impensáveis há apenas uma ou duas gerações.

Simulação computacional como ferramenta de auxílio ao projeto: aplicação em edifícios naturalmente ventilados no clima de Natal/RN

Natural air ventilation is the most import passive strategy to provide thermal comfort in hot and humid climates and a significant low energy strategy. However, the natural ventilated building requires more attention with the architectural design than a conventional building with air conditioning systems, and the results are less reliable. Therefore, this thesis focuses on softwares and methods to predict the natural ventilation performance from the point of view of the architect, with limited resource and knowledge of fluid mechanics. A typical prefabricated building was modelled due to its simplified geometry, low cost and occurrence at the local campus. Firstly, the study emphasized the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software, to simulate the air flow outside and inside the building. A series of approaches were developed to make the simulations possible, compromising the results fidelity. Secondly, the results of CFD simulations were used as the input of an energy tool, to simulate the thermal performance under different rates of air renew. Thirdly, the results of temperature were assessed in terms of thermal comfort. Complementary simulations were carried out to detail the analyses. The results show the potentialities of these tools. However the discussions concerning the simplifications of the approaches, the limitations of the tools and the level of knowledge of the average architect are the major contribution of this study

Simulação do escoamento monofásico em um estágio de uma bomba centrífuga utilizando técnicas de fluidodinâmica computacional

Oil production and exploration techniques have evolved in the last decades in order to increase fluid flows and optimize how the required equipment are used. The base functioning of Electric Submersible Pumping (ESP) lift method is the use of an electric downhole motor to move a centrifugal pump and transport the fluids to the surface. The Electric Submersible Pumping is an option that has been gaining ground among the methods of Artificial Lift due to the ability to handle a large flow of liquid in onshore and offshore environments. The performance of a well equipped with ESP systems is intrinsically related to the centrifugal pump operation. It is the pump that has the function to turn the motor power into Head. In this present work, a computer model to analyze the three-dimensional flow in a centrifugal pump used in Electric Submersible Pumping has been developed. Through the commercial program, ANSYS® CFX®, initially using water as fluid flow, the geometry and simulation parameters have been defined in order to obtain an approximation of what occurs inside the channels of the impeller and diffuser pump in terms of flow. Three different geometry conditions were initially tested to determine which is most suitable to solving the problem. After choosing the most appropriate geometry, three mesh conditions were analyzed and the obtained values were compared to the experimental characteristic curve of Head provided by the manufacturer. The results have approached the experimental curve, the simulation time and the model convergence were satisfactory if it is considered that the studied problem involves numerical analysis. After the tests with water, oil was used in the simulations. The results were compared to a methodology used in the petroleum industry to correct viscosity. In general, for models with water and oil, the results with single-phase fluids were coherent with the experimental curves and, through three-dimensional computer models, they are a preliminary evaluation for the analysis of the two-phase flow inside the channels of centrifugal pump used in ESP systems

Contribuição computacional na análise de dados R M N 13C de triterpenos pentacíclicos.

1990

Identificación de las relaciones reales y posibles entre la administración basada en modelos, la ciencia computacional de la organización y la ingeniería emergente en el contexto de la gestión organizacional

Las teorías administrativas se han basado, casi sin excepción, en los fundamentos y los modelos de la ciencia clásica (particularmente, en los modelos de la física newtoniana). Sin embargo, las organizaciones actualmente se enfrentan a un mundo globalizado, plagado de información (y no necesariamente conocimiento), hiperconectado, dinámico y cargado de incertidumbre, por lo que muchas de las teorías pueden mostrar limitaciones para las organizaciones. Y quizá no por la estructura, la lógica o el alcance de las mismas, sino por la falta de criterios que justifiquen su aplicación. En muchos casos, las organizaciones siguen utilizando la intuición, las suposiciones y las verdades a medias en la toma de decisiones. Este panorama pone de manifiesto dos hechos: de un lado, la necesidad de buscar un método que permita comprender las situaciones de cada organización para apoyar la toma de decisiones. De otro lado, la necesidad de potenciar la intuición con modelos y técnicas no tradicionales (usualmente provenientes o inspiradas por la ingeniería). Este trabajo busca anticipar los pilares de un posible método que permita apoyar la toma de decisiones por medio de la simulación de modelos computacionales, utilizando las posibles interacciones entre: la administración basada en modelos, la ciencia computacional de la organización y la ingeniería emergente.

Desafios da introdução ao pensamento computacional e à programação no 1º ciclo do Ensino Básico: racionalizar, valorizar e atualizar.

O uso dos computadores em educação tem uma história de décadas, rica e inspiradora de programas e iniciativas muito diversificadas neste domínio. Esta história, tal como se fosse um rio em curso está povoada de pessoas, ideais, conceitos, artefactos e tecnologias, que se vão renovando a cada momento e enfrentando novos desafios. Esta história, incluindo a experiencia e o conhecimento obtidos pelo autor durante a vigência do Projeto Minerva e outros projetos e programas que se lhe seguiram até aos dias de hoje, deu lugar a uma base de conhecimento científico e pedagógico inestimável e constitui um precioso capital, se e quando o usamos, para enfrentar estes novos desafios. Este capital inclui, naturalmente, os sucessos e os insucessos e que podem ser encontrados no curso dessa história. O desenvolvimento das sociedades modernas hoje em dia impõe de forma impressiva novos desafios às instituições educativas, que enfrentam grandes dificuldades em conseguir responder de forma adequada, rápida e eficaz. A transformação social e o ritmo do progresso tecnológico andam de mãos dadas e exercem, em especial nas sociedades desenvolvidas e em desenvolvimento, um duplo efeito: torna a sociedade cada vez mais tecnologicamente evoluída e dependente através da produção e distribuição de forma massiva de artefactos digitais cada vez mais sofisticados e acessíveis aos cidadãos numa lógica de consumo e ao mesmo tempo requer uma adaptação ao estilo de vida digital, decorrente dos processos de distribuição e massificação da tecnologia. Este fenómeno tem impacto em quase todos os sectores da atividade humana. Destacamos aqui apenas o da educação e formação.

Desafios da introdução ao pensamento computacional e à programação no 1º ciclo do Ensino Básico: racionalizar, valorizar e atualizar.

O uso dos computadores em educação tem uma história de décadas, rica e inspiradora de programas e iniciativas muito diversificadas neste domínio. Esta história, tal como se fosse um rio em curso está povoada de pessoas, ideais, conceitos, artefactos e tecnologias, que se vão renovando a cada momento e enfrentando novos desafios. Esta história, incluindo a experiencia e o conhecimento obtidos pelo autor durante a vigência do Projeto Minerva e outros projetos e programas que se lhe seguiram até aos dias de hoje, deu lugar a uma base de conhecimento científico e pedagógico inestimável e constitui um precioso capital, se e quando o usamos, para enfrentar estes novos desafios. Este capital inclui, naturalmente, os sucessos e os insucessos e que podem ser encontrados no curso dessa história.

LA SIMULACIÓN COMPUTACIONAL COMO HERRAMIENTA PARA EL ORDENAMIENTO TERRITORIAL Y LA GESTIÓN DEL RIESGO: EL CASO DE CAÍDA DE CENIZA PROVENIENTE DEL VOLCÁN IRAZÚ, COSTA RICA

La  posibilidad  de  aplicar  la  simulación  computacional  en  la  predicción  del  comportamiento  de eventos naturales potencialmente desastrosos, la convierte en un instrumento versátil para la elabo-ración de mapas de amenaza. En el caso de las amenazas hidrometeorológicas es común su empleo y en otros campos como la Vulcanología su aplicación es bien conocida. Existen muchos y muy variados modelos, que van desde  extremadamente complejos a muy  simples;  su  selección debe responder a  la necesidad de información, para la toma de decisiones en materia de prevención y mitigación, así como de la disponibilidad de datos y su calidad. Los resultados del modelado deben transformarse a un formato útil para el Ordenamiento Territorial, mediante el empleo de Sistemas de Información Geográfca que faciliten la creación de cartografía digital. En el caso concreto de la creación de mapas de amenaza por caída de ceniza provenientes del Volcán Irazú, un grupo mul-tidisciplinario labora en el desarrollo de una plataforma que permita generar mapas de amenaza, a  partir  de  una  implementación  particular  del modelo  numérico  advección-difusión  de  Suzuki, conocido como NG-TEPHRA, y el SIG ArcMap. Esta experiencia permitirá desarrollar una meto-dología aplicable a cualquier otro volcán de la región.

Modelo dinâmico de simulação e otimização da força normal de reação do solo para um mecanismo de corte basal

The physical model was based on the method of Newton-Euler. The model was developed by using the scientific computer program Mathematica®. Several simulations where tried varying the progress speeds (0.69; 1.12; 1.48; 1.82 and 2.12 m s-1); soil profiles (sinoidal, ascending and descending ramp) and height of the profile (0.025 and 0.05 m) to obtain the normal force of soil reaction. After the initial simulations, the mechanism was optimized using the scientific computer program Matlab® having as criterion (function-objective) the minimization of the normal force of reaction of the profile (FN). The project variables were the lengths of the bars (L1y, L2, l3 and L4), height of the operation (L7), the initial length of the spring (Lmo) and the elastic constant of the spring (k t). The lack of robustness of the mechanism in relation to the variable height of the operation was outlined by using a spring with low rigidity and large length. The results demonstrated that the mechanism optimized showed better flotation performance in relation to the initial mechanism.

Projeto de um cortador de base para colhedora de cana-de-açúcar utilizando otimização matemática

A base-cutter represented for a mechanism of four bars, was developed using the Autocad program. The normal force of reaction of the profile in the contact point was determined through the dynamic analysis. The equations of dynamic balance were based on the laws of Newton-Euler. The linkage was subject to an optimization technique that considered the peak value of soil reaction force as the objective function to be minimized while the link lengths and the spring constant varied through a specified range. The Algorithm of Sequential Quadratic Programming-SQP was implemented of the program computational Matlab. Results were very encouraging; the maximum value of the normal reaction force was reduced from 4,250.33 to 237.13 N, making the floating process much less disturbing to the soil and the sugarcane rate. Later, others variables had been incorporated the mechanism optimized and new otimization process was implemented .

Influência da temperatura do ar de secagem no calor latente de vaporização de água em feijão macassar (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.), variedade sempre-verde

In order to determine the energy needed to artificially dry an agricultural product the latent heat of vaporization of moisture in the product, H, must be known. Generally, the expressions for H reported in the literature are of the form H = h(T)f(M), where h(T) is the latent heat of vaporization of free water, and f(M) is a function of the equilibrium moisture content, M, which is a simplification. In this article, a more general expression for the latent heat of vaporization, namely H = g(M,T), is used to determine H for cowpea, always-green variety. For this purpose, a computer program was developed which automatically fits about 500 functions, with one or two independent variables, imbedded in its library to experimental data. The program uses nonlinear regression, and classifies the best functions according to the least reduced chi-squared. A set of executed statistical tests shows that the generalized expression for H used in this work produces better results of H for cowpea than other equations found in literature.

Administração limpa e enxuta em sistemas hidráulicos de colhedoras de cana-de-açúcar

Among the important changes in the production processes, it is necessary to guarantee the sustainability of the human enterprises, what makes us to foresee changes in the managerial administration to adapt to a new model, with the insert of the concepts of Clean Production, Cleaner, Lean and Total Productive Maintenance (TPM). The main focus of this work was to elaborate a methodology that made it possible to guarantee the reliability in the waterworks of the sugarcane harvester, identifying and analyzing the manners of flaws, in order to result in the improvement of the environmental and socioeconomic quality in the atmosphere of an industry of sugarcane through the significant decrease of hydraulic oil spill. Through the existent report in ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning), used in a Sugarcane Industry Plant, it was possible to accompany of the operational acting of the sugarcane harvester used during 03 crops, regarding the manners of flaws in the waterworks of the same ones, and, in one of the crops it was elaborated the total control of the waterworks of 5 harvesters. Based on the obtained data and the developed methodology it was possible to develop a software that specifies the electric outlet of decisions.

Uma observação sobre o lugar da teoria da ligação e do critério temático dentro do programa minimalista

In this paper I present some evidencie that forces us to conclude that within the Minimalist Program (Chomsky 1993; 1995), Binding Theory (BT) should be computed after LF (Logical Form). I show that derivations leading to structures containing violations of BT-Principles must converge at LF, since less economical alternative derivations respecting those principles are also ungrammatical. Being irrelevant to the notion of convergence, BT must apply after LF. A similar reasoning reveals that the Theta-Criterion should have the status of a bare output condition appling at LF, since less economical derivations are allowed by the computational system to prevent violations of it.

Projeto de caixa de madeira para manga (Mangifera Indica L.)

Losses of horticulture product in Brazil are significant and among the main causes are the use of inappropriate boxes and the absence of a cold chain. A project for boxes is proposed, based on computer simulations, optimization and experimental validation, trying to minimize the amount of wood associated with structural and ergonomic aspects and the effective area of the openings. Three box prototypes were designed and built using straight laths with different configurations and areas of openings (54% and 36%). The cooling efficiency of Tommy Atkins mango (Mangifera Indica L.) was evaluated by determining the cooling time for fruit packed in the wood models and packed in the commercially used cardboard boxes, submitted to cooling in a forced-air system, at a temperature of 6ºC and average relative humidity of 85.4±2.1%. The Finite Element Method was applied, for the dimensioning and structural optimization of the model with the best behavior in relation to cooling. All wooden boxes with fruit underwent vibration testing for two hours (20 Hz). There was no significant difference in average cooling time in the wooden boxes (36.08±1.44 min); however, the difference was significant in comparison to the cardboard boxes (82.63±29.64 min). In the model chosen for structural optimization (36% effective area of openings and two side laths), the reduction in total volume of material was 60% and 83% in the cross section of the columns. There was no indication of mechanical damage in the fruit after undergoing the vibration test. Computer simulations and structural study may be used as a support tool for developing projects for boxes, with geometric, ergonomic and thermal criteria.

Metamorfose planar via métodos Level Set e Particle Level Set para a reconstrução de superfícies tridimensionais

Evolving interfaces were initially focused on solutions to scientific problems in Fluid Dynamics. With the advent of the more robust modeling provided by Level Set method, their original boundaries of applicability were extended. Specifically to the Geometric Modeling area, works published until then, relating Level Set to tridimensional surface reconstruction, centered themselves on reconstruction from a data cloud dispersed in space; the approach based on parallel planar slices transversal to the object to be reconstructed is still incipient. Based on this fact, the present work proposes to analyse the feasibility of Level Set to tridimensional reconstruction, offering a methodology that simultaneously integrates the proved efficient ideas already published about such approximation and the proposals to process the inherent limitations of the method not satisfactorily treated yet, in particular the excessive smoothing of fine characteristics of contours evolving under Level Set. In relation to this, the application of the variant Particle Level Set is suggested as a solution, for its intrinsic proved capability to preserve mass of dynamic fronts. At the end, synthetic and real data sets are used to evaluate the presented tridimensional surface reconstruction methodology qualitatively.